Wheeze causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Wheeze}}
{{Wheeze}}
{{CMG}}; {{JFS}}
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==Overview==


==Causes==
==Causes==
The most common cases in clinical practice are:
===Common Causes===
The most common causes in clinical practice are:
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
Line 14: Line 13:
*Chronic [[sinusitis]]
*Chronic [[sinusitis]]
*[[Infection]] ([[pneumonia]])
*[[Infection]] ([[pneumonia]])
Medication-induced [[bronchoconstriction]]
*Medication-induced [[bronchoconstriction]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | Cardiac asthma ([[pulmonary edema]]), [[Cardiomegaly]], Descending aortic [[aneurysm]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], Right sided aortic arch, Vascular compression/ rings, [[Heart failure]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, [[Food allergies]], [[Peanut Allergy]], Chemical poisoning
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Aztreonam]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Acetylcysteine]], [[Adenosine]], [[Aspirin]], [[Aztreonam]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Cefpodoxime]], [[Dexchlorpheniramine]], [[Dipyridamole]], [[Dextran]], [[Ivacaftor]], [[Loratadine]], [[Marijuana]] , Medication-induced bronchoconstriction, [[NSAIDs]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Protamine]], [[Ramucirumab]], [[Sacrosidase]], [[Sotalol]], [[Tobramycin]], [[trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods), Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, Hypertrophied [[tonsils]], Intrathoracic [[goiter]], [[Laryngeal edema]], [[Laryngocele]], Laryngostenosis, [[Laryngotracheobronchitis]], Mobile supraglottic soft tissue, Paroxysmal vocal cord motion, Postextubation [[granuloma]], Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postnasal drip syndrome, Post-radiation [[stenosis]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], Supraglottitis, Vocal cord dysfunction, Vocal cord hematoma, [[Sinusitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Intrathoracic [[goiter]], Obesity
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[asthma]], [[Byssinosis]], [[Hay fever]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Milk allergy]], Obesity, [[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]], Vascular compression/rings, [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]], [[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Lymphadenopathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods), Esophageal foreign body, [[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis)
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], Cold induced [[wheezing]], [[Bronchitis]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[pneumonia]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Ascariasis]], [[Hookworm]], Paragonimiases - lung infection, [[Strongyloidiasis]], [[Toxocariasis]], [[Aspergillosis]] 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Cricoarytenoid arthritis
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Obesity
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, [[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic tumors), Bronchial adenomata syndrome, [[Mastocytosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| chemical poisoning
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Psychogenic]] wheezing
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bronchiectasis]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[Bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[Bronchitis]], [[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema, Cold induced [[wheezing]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], Pulmonary [[hemorrhage]], [[pneumonia]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postradiation [[stenosis]], [[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Tracheal stenosis]], [[Tracheobronchitis]], [[Tracheobronchomegaly]], [[Tracheomalacia]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]], Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Bronchial adenomata syndrome, [[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis, Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica, [[Aspergillosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Angioedema]], [[Asthma]], Cricoarytenoid arthritis, [[Immunodeficiency]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[Milk allergy]], [[Relapsing polychondritis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, [[Graft-versus-host disease]], [[Hay fever]], [[Mastocytosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Amyloid deposition, Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*Abnormal arytenoid movement
*[[Acetylcysteine]]
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] ABPA
*[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]]
*Amyloid deposition
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Aspergillosis]] including [[aspergilloma]] and ABPA
*[[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods)
*[[Asthma]] including [[status asthmaticus]]
*Benign airway [[tumors]] including:
**Bronchial adenomata syndrome
**Unknown ([[hamartoma]], [[clear cell]], [[teratoma]])
**Epithelial ([[papilloma]], [[polyps]])
**Mesodermal ([[fibroma]], [[lipoma]], [[leiomyoma]], [[chondroma]], granular cell tumor, sclerosing [[hemangioma]])
**Other (myofibroblastic tumor, xanthoma, [[amyloid]], mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor)
*[[Aztreonam]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiolitis]] (a common childhood disease)
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]
*[[Bronchitis]] (usually viral, bacterial only in patients with tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation)
**[[Influenza]] A and B
**[[Parainfluenza]]
**[[Coronavirus]] (types 1-3)
**[[Rhinovirus]]
**[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
**Human metapneumovirus
**Other:
***[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
***[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]
***[[Pertussis]]
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
*[[Byssinosis]] - cotton duct
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*Cardiac asthma (including cardiogenic pulmonary edema)
*[[Cardiomegaly]] (severe cardiomegaly)
*Chemical poisoning (more than 50 substances have been linked to wheezing)
*[[Chondromalacia]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
*Cold induced [[wheezing]] (Pediatrics)
*[[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis
*[[Congenital abnormalities]] affecting the bronchial tree
*Cricoarytenoid arthritis
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*Descending aortic [[aneurysm]]
*Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome 
*Esophageal foreign body
*Exercise-induced [[asthma]]
*Extrinsic allergic [[alveolitis]]
*[[Fluticasone]]
*Food allergies: numerous including: 
**[[Peanut]] Allergy
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (with aspiration)
*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]
*[[Hay fever]]
*[[Heart failure]] (see cardiogenic pulmonary edema and cardiac asthma)
*[[Hemorrhage]], pulmonary
*Hypertrophied [[tonsils]]
*[[Immunodeficiency]]
*[[Infection]] ([[pneumonia]])
*[[Interstitial lung disease]]
*Intrathoracic [[goiter]]
*[[Klebsiella]] rhinoscleroma
*[[Laryngeal edema]]
*[[Laryngocele]]
*Laryngostenosis
*[[Laryngotracheobronchitis]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] with large lymph nodes compressing the tracheal tree.
*Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
*[[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic)
**[[Squamous cell carcinoma]] with variants: papillary, clear cell, small cell, basaloid
**[[Small cell carcinoma]]
**[[Adenocarcinoma]]
***Acinar
***Papillary
***Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
****Non-mucinous (Clara cell/type II pneumocyte type)
****Mucinous (Goblet cell type) 
****Mixed mucinous and non-mucinous (Clara cell/type II pneumocyte/goblet cell type) or indeterminate 
***Solid [[adenocarcinoma]] with mucin formation
***Mixed
***Variants: well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma, mucinous ("colloid"), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet ring, clear cell
**Large cell carcinoma with variants: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, basaloid carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma with rhaboid phenotype
**Adenosquamous carcinoma
**Carcinomas with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements
***Carcinomas with spindle and/or giant cells
***Pleomorphic carcinoma
***Spindle cell carcinoma
***Giant cell carcinoma
***Carcinosarcoma
***Blastoma (Pulmonary blastoma)
**Carcinoid tumor
***Typical carcinoid
***Atypical carcinoid
**Carcinomas of salivary gland type
***Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
***Adenoid cystic carcinoma
**Unclassified carcinoma
**[[Mastocytosis]]
**[[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis)
*Medication-induced bronchoconstriction
**[[ACE inhibitors]] (cough or rarely Angioneurotic edema and wheeze)
**[[Sotalol]]
**[[Adenosine]]
**[[Beta blockers]]: Common; usually occurs in patients with asthma or COPD; 1-selective agents, [[labetalol]], [[esmolol]], and [[pindolol]] are better tolerated than nonselective agents.
**[[Dipyridamole]] (IV form only)
**[[Loratadine]]
**[[Marijuana]] (chronic use)
**[[NSAIDs]] including [[aspirin]]
**[[Protamine]]
*[[Milk allergy]]
*Mobile supraglottic soft tissue
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Oprelvekin]]
*[[Parasitic infections]]
**[[Ascariasis]]
**[[Hookworm]]
**Paragonimiases - lung infection
**[[Strongyloidiasis]]
**[[Toxocariasis]]
*Paroxysmal vocal cord motion
*[[Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent]] ([[Prevnar 13]]): in infants and toddlers
*Postextubation [[granuloma]]
*Postlobectomy bronchial torsion
*Postnasal drip syndrome
*Postradiation [[stenosis]]
*[[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]]
*[[Psychogenic]] wheezing
*[[Pulmonary edema]] (cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic)
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary eosinophilia]]
*[[Ramucirumab]]
*[[Relapsing polychondritis]]
*Retained [[foreign body]] ([[trachea]] or [[esophagus]])
*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
*Right sided [[aortic arch]]
*[[Sinusitis]] ( chronic sinusitis )
*Supraglottitis
*[[Tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Tracheobronchitis]]
*[[Tracheobronchomegaly]]
*Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica: a rare, benign condition and is characterized by the presence of bony and cartilaginous nodules in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa.
*[[Tracheomalacia]]
*[[Tuberculosis]], Pulmonary 
*Vascular compression and rings (Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality )
*Vocal cord dysfunction
*Vocal cord hematoma
*Vocal cord paralysis (bilateral paralysis)
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


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Latest revision as of 00:44, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.

Causes

Common Causes

The most common causes in clinical practice are:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Cardiac asthma (pulmonary edema), Cardiomegaly, Descending aortic aneurysm, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Right sided aortic arch, Vascular compression/ rings, Heart failure
Chemical / poisoning Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, Food allergies, Peanut Allergy, Chemical poisoning
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Aztreonam, ACE inhibitors, Acetylcysteine, Adenosine, Aspirin, Aztreonam, Beta blockers, Cefpodoxime, Dexchlorpheniramine, Dipyridamole, Dextran, Ivacaftor, Loratadine, Marijuana , Medication-induced bronchoconstriction, NSAIDs, Oprelvekin, Pentamidine Isethionate, Pramipexole, Protamine, Ramucirumab, Sacrosidase, Sotalol, Tobramycin, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum
Ear Nose Throat Aspiration (foreign particles or foods), Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, Hypertrophied tonsils, Intrathoracic goiter, Laryngeal edema, Laryngocele, Laryngostenosis, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Mobile supraglottic soft tissue, Paroxysmal vocal cord motion, Postextubation granuloma, Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postnasal drip syndrome, Post-radiation stenosis, Retropharyngeal abscess, Supraglottitis, Vocal cord dysfunction, Vocal cord hematoma, Sinusitis
Endocrine Intrathoracic goiter, Obesity
Environmental asthma, Byssinosis, Hay fever
Gastroenterologic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Genetic Cystic fibrosis, Milk allergy, Obesity, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Vascular compression/rings, Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Ciliary dyskinesia-bronchiectasis
Hematologic Lymphadenopathy
Iatrogenic Aspiration (foreign particles or foods), Esophageal foreign body, Mendelson's syndrome (aspiration pneumonitis)
Infectious Disease Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Cold induced wheezing, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, Lymphadenopathy, Retropharyngeal abscess, Tuberculosis, Ascariasis, Hookworm, Paragonimiases - lung infection, Strongyloidiasis, Toxocariasis, Aspergillosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Cricoarytenoid arthritis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Carcinoid syndrome, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, Malignancy (bronchogenic tumors), Bronchial adenomata syndrome, Mastocytosis
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity chemical poisoning
Psychiatric Psychogenic wheezing
Pulmonary Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Carcinoid syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema, Cold induced wheezing, Cystic fibrosis, Pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonia, Interstitial lung disease, Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postradiation stenosis, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Tracheal stenosis, Tracheobronchitis, Tracheobronchomegaly, Tracheomalacia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Tuberculosis, Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Bronchial adenomata syndrome, Ciliary dyskinesia-bronchiectasis, Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica, Aspergillosis
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Asthma, Cricoarytenoid arthritis, Immunodeficiency, Interstitial lung disease, Lymphadenopathy, Milk allergy, Relapsing polychondritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Graft-versus-host disease, Hay fever, Mastocytosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloid deposition, Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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