Wheeze causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Wheeze}}
{{Wheeze}}
{{CMG}}; {{JFS}}
{{CMG}}; {{JFS}}
==Overview==


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
The most common cases in clinical practice are:
The most common causes in clinical practice are:
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
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*Chronic [[sinusitis]]
*Chronic [[sinusitis]]
*[[Infection]] ([[pneumonia]])
*[[Infection]] ([[pneumonia]])
Medication-induced [[bronchoconstriction]]
*Medication-induced [[bronchoconstriction]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | Cardiac asthma ( pulmonary edema), [[Cardiomegaly]], Descending aortic [[aneurysm]], [[Pulmonary edema]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | Cardiac asthma ([[pulmonary edema]]), [[Cardiomegaly]], Descending aortic [[aneurysm]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], Right sided aortic arch, Vascular compression/ rings, [[Heart failure]]
[[Pulmonary embolism]], Right sided aortic arch, Vascular compression/ rings, [[Heart failure]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Medication-induced bronchoconstriction, [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Sotalol]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aztreonam]], [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Acetylcysteine]], [[Adenosine]], [[Aspirin]], [[Aztreonam]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Cefpodoxime]], [[Dexchlorpheniramine]], [[Dipyridamole]], [[Dextran]], [[Ivacaftor]], [[Loratadine]], [[Marijuana]] , Medication-induced bronchoconstriction, [[NSAIDs]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Protamine]], [[Ramucirumab]], [[Sacrosidase]], [[Sotalol]], [[Tobramycin]], [[trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum]]
,[[Adenosine]], [[Beta blockers]], [[Dipyridamole]], [[Protamine]], [[NSAIDs]], [[Aspirin]], [[Marijuana]]  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]](foreign particles or foods), Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, Hypertrophied [[tonsils]], Intrathoracic [[goiter]], [[Laryngeal edema]], [[Laryngocele]], Laryngostenosis, [[Laryngotracheobronchitis]], Mobile supraglottic soft tissue, Paroxysmal vocal cord motion, Postextubation [[granuloma]], Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postnasal drip syndrome, Postradiation [[stenosis]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], Supraglottitis, Vocal cord dysfunction, Vocal cord hematoma, [[Sinusitis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods), Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, Hypertrophied [[tonsils]], Intrathoracic [[goiter]], [[Laryngeal edema]], [[Laryngocele]], Laryngostenosis, [[Laryngotracheobronchitis]], Mobile supraglottic soft tissue, Paroxysmal vocal cord motion, Postextubation [[granuloma]], Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postnasal drip syndrome, Post-radiation [[stenosis]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], Supraglottitis, Vocal cord dysfunction, Vocal cord hematoma, [[Sinusitis]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Intrathoracic [[goiter]], Obesity,
|bgcolor="Beige"| Intrathoracic [[goiter]], Obesity
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[asthma]], [[Byssinosis]], [[Hay fever]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[asthma]], [[Byssinosis]], [[Hay fever]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Milk allergy]], Obesity, [[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]], Vascular compression/ rings, [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]], [[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis,
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Milk allergy]], Obesity, [[Primary ciliary dyskinesia]], Vascular compression/rings, [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]], [[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]](foreign particles or foods), Esophageal foreign body, [[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis), 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods), Esophageal foreign body, [[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis)
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Cricoarytenoid arthritis,
|bgcolor="Beige"| Cricoarytenoid arthritis
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, [[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic tumors), Bronchial adenomata syndrome, [[Mastocytosis]]  
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, [[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic tumors), Bronchial adenomata syndrome, [[Mastocytosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Angioedema]], [[Asthma]], Cricoarytenoid arthritis, [[Immunodeficiency]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[Milk allergy]], [[Relapsing polychondritis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, [[Graft-versus-host disease]], [[Hay fever]], [[Mastocytosis]], 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Anaphylaxis]], [[Angioedema]], [[Asthma]], Cricoarytenoid arthritis, [[Immunodeficiency]], [[Interstitial lung disease]], [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[Milk allergy]], [[Relapsing polychondritis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, [[Graft-versus-host disease]], [[Hay fever]], [[Mastocytosis]]
 
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*Abnormal arytenoid movement
*Abnormal arytenoid movement
*[[Acetylcysteine]]
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] ABPA
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]] ABPA
*[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]]  
*[[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]]  
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*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Aspergillosis]] including [[aspergilloma]] and ABPA  
*[[Aspergillosis]] including [[aspergilloma]] and ABPA  
*[[Aspiration]](foreign particles or foods)
*[[Aspiration]] (foreign particles or foods)
*[[Asthma]] including status asthmaticus
*[[Asthma]] including [[status asthmaticus]]
*Benign airway [[tumors]] including:  
*Benign airway [[tumors]] including:  
**Bronchial adenomata syndrome  
**Bronchial adenomata syndrome  
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**Mesodermal ([[fibroma]], [[lipoma]], [[leiomyoma]], [[chondroma]], granular cell tumor, sclerosing [[hemangioma]])  
**Mesodermal ([[fibroma]], [[lipoma]], [[leiomyoma]], [[chondroma]], granular cell tumor, sclerosing [[hemangioma]])  
**Other (myofibroblastic tumor, xanthoma, [[amyloid]], mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor)
**Other (myofibroblastic tumor, xanthoma, [[amyloid]], mucosa-associated lymphoid tumor)
*[[Aztreonam]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiolitis]] (a common childhood disease)
*[[Bronchiolitis]] (a common childhood disease)
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]
*[[Bronchiolitis obliterans]]
*[[Bronchitis]] (usually viral, bacterial only in patients with tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation)
*[[Bronchitis]] (usually viral, bacterial only in patients with tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation)
**[[influenza]] A and B
**[[Influenza]] A and B
**[[parainfluenza]]
**[[Parainfluenza]]
**[[coronavirus]] (types 1-3)
**[[Coronavirus]] (types 1-3)
**[[rhinovirus]]
**[[Rhinovirus]]
**[[respiratory syncytial virus]]
**[[Respiratory syncytial virus]]
**human metapneumovirus  
**Human metapneumovirus  
**Other:  
**Other:  
***[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]  
***[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]  
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*[[Chondromalacia]]
*[[Chondromalacia]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
*Cold induced [[wheezing]] (Paediatrics)
*Cold induced [[wheezing]] (Pediatrics)
*[[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis
*[[Ciliary dyskinesia]]-bronchiectasis
*[[Congenital abnormalities]] affecting the bronchial tree
*[[Congenital abnormalities]] affecting the bronchial tree
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*Exercise-induced [[asthma]]
*Exercise-induced [[asthma]]
*Extrinsic allergic [[alveolitis]]
*Extrinsic allergic [[alveolitis]]
*[[Fluticasone]]
*Food allergies: numerous including:   
*Food allergies: numerous including:   
**[[Peanut]] Allergy
**[[Peanut]] Allergy
*[[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease]] (with aspiration)
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (with aspiration)
*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]  
*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]  
*[[Hay fever]]
*[[Hay fever]]
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*Laryngostenosis
*Laryngostenosis
*[[Laryngotracheobronchitis]]
*[[Laryngotracheobronchitis]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] with large lymphnodes compressing the tracheal tree.
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] with large lymph nodes compressing the tracheal tree.
*Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
*Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
*[[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic)
*[[Malignancy]] (bronchogenic)
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****Mucinous (Goblet cell type)   
****Mucinous (Goblet cell type)   
****Mixed mucinous and non-mucinous (Clara cell/type II pneumocyte/goblet cell type) or indeterminate   
****Mixed mucinous and non-mucinous (Clara cell/type II pneumocyte/goblet cell type) or indeterminate   
***Solid adenocarcinoma with mucin formation  
***Solid [[adenocarcinoma]] with mucin formation  
***Mixed  
***Mixed  
***Variants: well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma, mucinous ("colloid"), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet ring, clear cell  
***Variants: well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma, mucinous ("colloid"), mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet ring, clear cell  
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**[[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis)
**[[Mendelson's syndrome]] (aspiration pneumonitis)
*Medication-induced bronchoconstriction
*Medication-induced bronchoconstriction
**[[ACE inhibitors]] ( cough or rarely Angioneurotic edema and wheeze)
**[[ACE inhibitors]] (cough or rarely Angioneurotic edema and wheeze)
**[[Sotalol]]
**[[Sotalol]]
**[[Adenosine]]
**[[Adenosine]]
**[[Beta blockers]]: Common; usually occurs in patients with asthma or COPD; 1-selective agents, [[labetalol]], [[esmolol]], and [[pindolol]] are better tolerated than nonselective agents.
**[[Beta blockers]]: Common; usually occurs in patients with asthma or COPD; 1-selective agents, [[labetalol]], [[esmolol]], and [[pindolol]] are better tolerated than nonselective agents.
**[[Dipyridamole]] (IV form only)
**[[Dipyridamole]] (IV form only)
**[[Loratadine]]
**[[Marijuana]] (chronic use)
**[[NSAIDs]] including [[aspirin]]
**[[Protamine]]
**[[Protamine]]
**[[NSAIDs]] includign aspirin
**[[Marijuana]] (chronic use)
*[[Milk allergy]]
*[[Milk allergy]]
*Mobile supraglottic soft tissue
*Mobile supraglottic soft tissue
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Oprelvekin]]
*[[Parasitic infections]]
*[[Parasitic infections]]
**[[Ascariasis]]
**[[Ascariasis]]
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**[[Toxocariasis]]  
**[[Toxocariasis]]  
*Paroxysmal vocal cord motion
*Paroxysmal vocal cord motion
*[[Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent]] ([[Prevnar 13]]): in infants and toddlers
*Postextubation [[granuloma]]
*Postextubation [[granuloma]]
*Postlobectomy bronchial torsion
*Postlobectomy bronchial torsion
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*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary eosinophilia]]  
*[[Pulmonary eosinophilia]]  
*[[Ramucirumab]]
*[[Relapsing polychondritis]]
*[[Relapsing polychondritis]]
*Retained [[foreign body]] (trachea or esophagus)
*Retained [[foreign body]] ([[trachea]] or [[esophagus]])
*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]
*Right sided [[aortic arch]]
*Right sided [[aortic arch]]
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*[[Tracheobronchitis]]
*[[Tracheobronchitis]]
*[[Tracheobronchomegaly]]
*[[Tracheobronchomegaly]]
*Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica : a rare, benign condition and is characterized by the presence of bony and cartilaginous nodules in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa.
*Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica: a rare, benign condition and is characterized by the presence of bony and cartilaginous nodules in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa.
*[[Tracheomalacia]]
*[[Tracheomalacia]]
*[[Tuberculosis]], Pulmonary   
*[[Tuberculosis]], Pulmonary   
*Vascular compression and rings ( Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality )
*Vascular compression and rings (Aberrant subclavian artery abnormality )
*Vocal cord dysfunction
*Vocal cord dysfunction
*Vocal cord hematoma
*Vocal cord hematoma
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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


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[[Category:Pulmonology]]

Latest revision as of 00:44, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.

Causes

Common Causes

The most common causes in clinical practice are:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Cardiac asthma (pulmonary edema), Cardiomegaly, Descending aortic aneurysm, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Right sided aortic arch, Vascular compression/ rings, Heart failure
Chemical / poisoning Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, Food allergies, Peanut Allergy, Chemical poisoning
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Aztreonam, ACE inhibitors, Acetylcysteine, Adenosine, Aspirin, Aztreonam, Beta blockers, Cefpodoxime, Dexchlorpheniramine, Dipyridamole, Dextran, Ivacaftor, Loratadine, Marijuana , Medication-induced bronchoconstriction, NSAIDs, Oprelvekin, Pentamidine Isethionate, Pramipexole, Protamine, Ramucirumab, Sacrosidase, Sotalol, Tobramycin, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum
Ear Nose Throat Aspiration (foreign particles or foods), Bilateral vocal cord paralysis, Hypertrophied tonsils, Intrathoracic goiter, Laryngeal edema, Laryngocele, Laryngostenosis, Laryngotracheobronchitis, Mobile supraglottic soft tissue, Paroxysmal vocal cord motion, Postextubation granuloma, Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postnasal drip syndrome, Post-radiation stenosis, Retropharyngeal abscess, Supraglottitis, Vocal cord dysfunction, Vocal cord hematoma, Sinusitis
Endocrine Intrathoracic goiter, Obesity
Environmental asthma, Byssinosis, Hay fever
Gastroenterologic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Genetic Cystic fibrosis, Milk allergy, Obesity, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Vascular compression/rings, Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Ciliary dyskinesia-bronchiectasis
Hematologic Lymphadenopathy
Iatrogenic Aspiration (foreign particles or foods), Esophageal foreign body, Mendelson's syndrome (aspiration pneumonitis)
Infectious Disease Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Cold induced wheezing, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, Lymphadenopathy, Retropharyngeal abscess, Tuberculosis, Ascariasis, Hookworm, Paragonimiases - lung infection, Strongyloidiasis, Toxocariasis, Aspergillosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Cricoarytenoid arthritis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Obesity
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Carcinoid syndrome, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, Malignancy (bronchogenic tumors), Bronchial adenomata syndrome, Mastocytosis
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity chemical poisoning
Psychiatric Psychogenic wheezing
Pulmonary Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Carcinoid syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema, Cold induced wheezing, Cystic fibrosis, Pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonia, Interstitial lung disease, Postlobectomy bronchial torsion, Postradiation stenosis, Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Tracheal stenosis, Tracheobronchitis, Tracheobronchomegaly, Tracheomalacia, Wegener's granulomatosis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Tuberculosis, Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Bronchial adenomata syndrome, Ciliary dyskinesia-bronchiectasis, Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica, Aspergillosis
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Asthma, Cricoarytenoid arthritis, Immunodeficiency, Interstitial lung disease, Lymphadenopathy, Milk allergy, Relapsing polychondritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Pulmonary eosinophilia, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Graft-versus-host disease, Hay fever, Mastocytosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloid deposition, Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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