Cholesterol emboli syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | {{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the organ involved by cholesterol crystals. Due to cholesterol embolization, many organs such as skin, kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, eyes, and skeletal muscles can be involved. | |||
==History== | |||
*Obtaining the history is the essential for making a diagnosis of [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]]. <ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref> | |||
*A positive history of [[atherosclerosis]] and [[cardiovascular]] interventions such as [[angiography]] is suggestive of [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]]. <ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref> | |||
*Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the organ involved by cholesterol crystals. | |||
==Symptoms== | |||
*The most common symptoms of [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]] include<ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref><ref name="Falanga1986">{{cite journal|last1=Falanga|first1=Vincent|title=The Cutaneous Manifestations of Cholesterol Crystal Embolization|journal=Archives of Dermatology|volume=122|issue=10|year=1986|pages=1194|issn=0003-987X|doi=10.1001/archderm.1986.01660220112024}}</ref><ref name="QuinonesSaric2013">{{cite journal|last1=Quinones|first1=Adriana|last2=Saric|first2=Muhamed|title=The Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome in Atherosclerosis|journal=Current Atherosclerosis Reports|volume=15|issue=4|year=2013|issn=1523-3804|doi=10.1007/s11883-013-0315-y}}</ref><ref name="SaricKronzon2011">{{cite journal|last1=Saric|first1=Muhamed|last2=Kronzon|first2=Itzhak|title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome|journal=Current Opinion in Cardiology|volume=26|issue=6|year=2011|pages=472–479|issn=0268-4705|doi=10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd}}</ref> | |||
**Non-specific symptoms | |||
***[[Fever]] | |||
***[[loss of appetite]] | |||
***[[Fatigue]] | |||
***[[weight loss]] | |||
***[[muscle ache]] | |||
**Cutaneous | |||
***[[livedo reticularis]] | |||
***[[Blue toe syndrome]] | |||
***[[petechiae]] and [[purpura]] | |||
***[[cyanosis]] | |||
***[[Gangrene]] | |||
**Heart | |||
***[[myocardial infarction]] | |||
**Kidney | |||
***[[acute kidney injury]] | |||
****[[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[electrolyte]] disturbances | |||
***[[chronic kidney failure]] | |||
***[[end stage renal disease]] | |||
***[[focal segmental glomerulonephritis]] | |||
**Gastrointestinal | |||
***[[abdominal pain]] | |||
***[[nausea]], [[vomiting]] | |||
***[[diarrhea]] | |||
***[[GI bleeding]] | |||
***bowel [[ischemia]] | |||
***[[pancreatitis]] | |||
***[[hepatic]] necrosis | |||
**CNS | |||
***[[headache]] | |||
***[[Dizziness]] | |||
***[[Confusion]] | |||
***[[Stroke]] | |||
***[[Paraparesis]] | |||
***[[Mononeuropathy]] | |||
**Eye | |||
***[[eye]] pain | |||
*** transient loss of vision or [[amaurosis fugax]] | |||
***[[blurry vision]] | |||
**lung | |||
***[[alveolar bleeding]] | |||
**Muscle | |||
***[[myositis]] | |||
***[[Rhabdomyolysis]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
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[[Category:Vascular surgery]] | [[Category:Vascular surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:need English review]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 23:47, 14 February 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the organ involved by cholesterol crystals. Due to cholesterol embolization, many organs such as skin, kidneys, heart, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, eyes, and skeletal muscles can be involved.
History
- Obtaining the history is the essential for making a diagnosis of cholesterol emboli syndrome. [1]
- A positive history of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular interventions such as angiography is suggestive of cholesterol emboli syndrome. [1]
- Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the organ involved by cholesterol crystals.
Symptoms
- The most common symptoms of cholesterol emboli syndrome include[1][2][3][4]
- Non-specific symptoms
- Cutaneous
- Heart
- Kidney
- Gastrointestinal
- abdominal pain
- nausea, vomiting
- diarrhea
- GI bleeding
- bowel ischemia
- pancreatitis
- hepatic necrosis
- CNS
- Eye
- eye pain
- transient loss of vision or amaurosis fugax
- blurry vision
- lung
- Muscle
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ozkok, Abdullah (2019). "
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives
". Vascular Health and Risk Management. Volume 15: 209–220. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S175150. ISSN 1178-2048. - ↑ Falanga, Vincent (1986). "The Cutaneous Manifestations of Cholesterol Crystal Embolization". Archives of Dermatology. 122 (10): 1194. doi:10.1001/archderm.1986.01660220112024. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Quinones, Adriana; Saric, Muhamed (2013). "The Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome in Atherosclerosis". Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 15 (4). doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0315-y. ISSN 1523-3804.
- ↑ Saric, Muhamed; Kronzon, Itzhak (2011). "Cholesterol embolization syndrome". Current Opinion in Cardiology. 26 (6): 472–479. doi:10.1097/HCO.0b013e32834b7fdd. ISSN 0268-4705.