Cholesterol emboli syndrome medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | {{Cholesterol emboli syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{NN}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Some pharmacologic medical therapies that can be effective for [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]] include [[statins]], [[corticosteroids]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclophosphamide]] and [[IL1]] antagonists. | |||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
*There is no definitive treatment for [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care. | |||
* | *Pharmacologic medical therapies that can be effective for [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]] include <ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref> | ||
* | **[[Statins]] | ||
* | *** [[Statins]] can stabilize the [[atherosclerotic]] plaques. <ref name="Akdimvan Leuven2007">{{cite journal|last1=Akdim|first1=Fatima|last2=van Leuven|first2=Sander|last3=P. Kastelein|first3=John|last4=G. Stroes|first4=Erik|title=Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Stabilization of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque?|journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design|volume=13|issue=10|year=2007|pages=1003–1012|issn=13816128|doi=10.2174/138161207780487548}}</ref> | ||
* | ***[[Statins]] reduce [[inflammation]]. <ref name="TousoulisPsarros2014">{{cite journal|last1=Tousoulis|first1=Dimitris|last2=Psarros|first2=Costas|last3=Demosthenous|first3=Michael|last4=Patel|first4=Rikhil|last5=Antoniades|first5=Charalambos|last6=Stefanadis|first6=Christodoulos|title=Innate and Adaptive Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Vascular Disease|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=63|issue=23|year=2014|pages=2491–2502|issn=07351097|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.054}}</ref> | ||
* | ***[[Statins]] reduce the risk of developing [[ESRD]] and [[dialysis]] requirement. <ref name="WoolfsonLachmann1998">{{cite journal|last1=Woolfson|first1=Robin G|last2=Lachmann|first2=Helen|title=Improvement in renal cholesterol emboli syndrome after simvastatin|journal=The Lancet|volume=351|issue=9112|year=1998|pages=1331–1332|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79058-9}}</ref> | ||
**[[Corticosteroid]]s <ref name="urlCholesterol crystal embolization (CCE): Improvement of renal function with high-dose corticosteroid treatment Desai M, Ram R, Prayaga A, Dakshinamurty K V - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl">{{cite web |url=https://www.sjkdt.org/text.asp?2011/22/2/327/77621 |title=Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE): Improvement of renal function with high-dose corticosteroid treatment Desai M, Ram R, Prayaga A, Dakshinamurty K V - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid12165941">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stabellini N, Cerretani D, Russo G, Rizzioli E, Gilli P |title=[Renal atheroembolic disease: evaluation of the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy] |language=Italian |journal=G Ital Nefrol |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=18–21 |date=2002 |pmid=12165941 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="YücelKart-Köseoglu2005">{{cite journal|last1=Yücel|first1=A. E.|last2=Kart-Köseoglu|first2=H.|last3=Demirhan|first3=B.|last4=Özdemir|first4=F. N.|title=Cholesterol crystal embolization mimicking vasculitis: success with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy in two cases|journal=Rheumatology International|volume=26|issue=5|year=2005|pages=454–460|issn=0172-8172|doi=10.1007/s00296-005-0012-4}}</ref> | |||
***high dose of [[corticosteroid]]s has been shown effective but not in the long term. | |||
**[[Colchicine]] <ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.02}}</ref> <ref name="RobertsonMartínez2016">{{cite journal|last1=Robertson|first1=Stacy|last2=Martínez|first2=Gonzalo J.|last3=Payet|first3=Cloe A.|last4=Barraclough|first4=Jennifer Y.|last5=Celermajer|first5=David S.|last6=Bursill|first6=Christina|last7=Patel|first7=Sanjay|title=Colchicine therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients acts on caspase-1 to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome monocyte activation|journal=Clinical Science|volume=130|issue=14|year=2016|pages=1237–1246|issn=0143-5221|doi=10.1042/CS20160090}}</ref> | |||
**[[Cyclophosphamide]] | |||
** [[IL1]] antagonists might be effective due to their anti-inflammatory effects. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:47, 20 February 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Some pharmacologic medical therapies that can be effective for cholesterol emboli syndrome include statins, corticosteroids, colchicine, cyclophosphamide and IL1 antagonists.
Medical Therapy
- There is no definitive treatment for cholesterol emboli syndrome; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- Pharmacologic medical therapies that can be effective for cholesterol emboli syndrome include [1]
- Statins
- Statins can stabilize the atherosclerotic plaques. [2]
- Statins reduce inflammation. [3]
- Statins reduce the risk of developing ESRD and dialysis requirement. [4]
- Corticosteroids [5] [6] [7]
- high dose of corticosteroids has been shown effective but not in the long term.
- Colchicine [8] [9]
- Cyclophosphamide
- IL1 antagonists might be effective due to their anti-inflammatory effects.
- Statins
References
- ↑ Ozkok, Abdullah (2019). "
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives
". Vascular Health and Risk Management. Volume 15: 209–220. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S175150. ISSN 1178-2048. - ↑ Akdim, Fatima; van Leuven, Sander; P. Kastelein, John; G. Stroes, Erik (2007). "Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Stabilization of the Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque?". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 13 (10): 1003–1012. doi:10.2174/138161207780487548. ISSN 1381-6128.
- ↑ Tousoulis, Dimitris; Psarros, Costas; Demosthenous, Michael; Patel, Rikhil; Antoniades, Charalambos; Stefanadis, Christodoulos (2014). "Innate and Adaptive Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Vascular Disease". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 63 (23): 2491–2502. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.054. ISSN 0735-1097.
- ↑ Woolfson, Robin G; Lachmann, Helen (1998). "Improvement in renal cholesterol emboli syndrome after simvastatin". The Lancet. 351 (9112): 1331–1332. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79058-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ "Cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE): Improvement of renal function with high-dose corticosteroid treatment Desai M, Ram R, Prayaga A, Dakshinamurty K V - Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl".
- ↑ Stabellini N, Cerretani D, Russo G, Rizzioli E, Gilli P (2002). "[Renal atheroembolic disease: evaluation of the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy]". G Ital Nefrol (in Italian). 19 (1): 18–21. PMID 12165941.
- ↑ Yücel, A. E.; Kart-Köseoglu, H.; Demirhan, B.; Özdemir, F. N. (2005). "Cholesterol crystal embolization mimicking vasculitis: success with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy in two cases". Rheumatology International. 26 (5): 454–460. doi:10.1007/s00296-005-0012-4. ISSN 0172-8172.
- ↑ . doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.02. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Robertson, Stacy; Martínez, Gonzalo J.; Payet, Cloe A.; Barraclough, Jennifer Y.; Celermajer, David S.; Bursill, Christina; Patel, Sanjay (2016). "Colchicine therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients acts on caspase-1 to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome monocyte activation". Clinical Science. 130 (14): 1237–1246. doi:10.1042/CS20160090. ISSN 0143-5221.