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{{Renal agenesis}}
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==Overview==
== Overview ==
Renal agenesis may be classified as unilateral renal agenesis (URA) or bilateral renal agenesis (BRA). URA is the congenital absence of one [[kidney]] and BRA is the congenital absence of both [[Kidney|kidneys]] which is incompatible with life. Renal agenesis may be isolated or associated with other [[Anomaly|anomalies]] and [[Syndrome|syndromes]].


==Classification==
== Classification ==
Renal agenesis may be unilateral or bilateral:<ref name="pmid24524801">{{cite journal| author=Dias T, Sairam S, Kumarasiri S| title=Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal renal abnormalities. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | year= 2014 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 403-15 | pmid=24524801 | doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.01.009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24524801  }} </ref>


===Bilateral renal [[agenesis]]===
* Unilateral renal agenesis (URA)
Bilateral renal agenesis is uncommon and is a serious condition. See [[Potter syndrome]].
** Congenital absence of one [[kidney]]<ref name="pmid8540439">{{cite journal| author=Robson WL, Leung AK, Rogers RC| title=Unilateral renal agenesis. | journal=Adv Pediatr | year= 1995 | volume= 42 | issue=  | pages= 575-92 | pmid=8540439 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8540439  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16956352">{{cite journal| author=Woolf AS, Hillman KA| title=Unilateral renal agenesis and the congenital solitary functioning kidney: developmental, genetic and clinical perspectives. | journal=BJU Int | year= 2007 | volume= 99 | issue= 1 | pages= 17-21 | pmid=16956352 | doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06504.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16956352  }} </ref>
** The contra-lateral solitary [[kidney]] usually functions normally and may become hypertrophied<ref name="pmid19852048">{{cite journal| author=Cho JY, Moon MH, Lee YH, Kim KW, Kim SH| title=Measurement of compensatory hyperplasia of the contralateral kidney: usefulness for differential diagnosis of fetal unilateral empty renal fossa. | journal=Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol | year= 2009 | volume= 34 | issue= 5 | pages= 515-20 | pmid=19852048 | doi=10.1002/uog.7336 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19852048  }} </ref>
* Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA)
** Congenital absence of both [[Kidney|kidneys]]<ref name="pmid31098643">{{cite journal| author=Huber C, Shazly SA, Blumenfeld YJ, Jelin E, Ruano R| title=Update on the Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcomes of Fetal Bilateral Renal Agenesis. | journal=Obstet Gynecol Surv | year= 2019 | volume= 74 | issue= 5 | pages= 298-302 | pmid=31098643 | doi=10.1097/OGX.0000000000000670 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31098643  }} </ref>
** Incompatible with life<ref name="pmid24524801">{{cite journal| author=Dias T, Sairam S, Kumarasiri S| title=Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal renal abnormalities. | journal=Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol | year= 2014 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 403-15 | pmid=24524801 | doi=10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.01.009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24524801  }} </ref>


Bilateral Renal Agenesis is the absence of both kidneys at birth. It is a genetic disorder characterized by a failure of the kidneys to develop in a fetus. This absence of kidneys causes a deficiency of amniotic fluid (Oligohydramnios) in a pregnant woman. Normally, the amniotic fluid acts as a cushion for the developing fetus. When there is an insufficient amount of this fluid, compression of the fetus may occur resulting in further malformations of the baby.
Renal agenesis may be isolated or associated with other [[Anomaly|anomalies]] and [[Syndrome|syndromes]].<ref name="pmid28722320">{{cite journal| author=Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, Lémery D, Francannet C, Quistrebert J | display-authors=etal| title=Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries. | journal=Birth Defects Res | year= 2017 | volume= 109 | issue= 15 | pages= 1204-1211 | pmid=28722320 | doi=10.1002/bdr2.1065 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28722320  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23449343">{{cite journal| author=Westland R, Schreuder MF, Ket JC, van Wijk JA| title=Unilateral renal agenesis: a systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2013 | volume= 28 | issue= 7 | pages= 1844-55 | pmid=23449343 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gft012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23449343  }} </ref>  
 
This disorder is more common in infants born of a parent who has a kidney malformation, particularly the absence of one kidney (unilateral renal agenesis). Studies have proven that unilateral renal agenesis and bilateral renal agenesis are genetically related. 1 in 3 infants with this congenital defect are still born. Most infants that are born alive do not live beyond four hours.
 
===Unilateral renal [[agenesis]]===
This is much more common, but is not usually of any major concern, as long as the other kidney is healthy. The odds of a person being born with this condition are roughly 1 in 5000. Adults with unilateral renal agenesis have considerably higher chances of hypertension and high blood pressure. Most contact sports would be advised against.


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:17, 2 August 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]

Overview

Renal agenesis may be classified as unilateral renal agenesis (URA) or bilateral renal agenesis (BRA). URA is the congenital absence of one kidney and BRA is the congenital absence of both kidneys which is incompatible with life. Renal agenesis may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and syndromes.

Classification

Renal agenesis may be unilateral or bilateral:[1]

  • Unilateral renal agenesis (URA)
    • Congenital absence of one kidney[2][3]
    • The contra-lateral solitary kidney usually functions normally and may become hypertrophied[4]
  • Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA)

Renal agenesis may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and syndromes.[6][7]  

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dias T, Sairam S, Kumarasiri S (2014). "Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal renal abnormalities". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 28 (3): 403–15. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.01.009. PMID 24524801.
  2. ↑ Robson WL, Leung AK, Rogers RC (1995). "Unilateral renal agenesis". Adv Pediatr. 42: 575–92. PMID 8540439.
  3. ↑ Woolf AS, Hillman KA (2007). "Unilateral renal agenesis and the congenital solitary functioning kidney: developmental, genetic and clinical perspectives". BJU Int. 99 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06504.x. PMID 16956352.
  4. ↑ Cho JY, Moon MH, Lee YH, Kim KW, Kim SH (2009). "Measurement of compensatory hyperplasia of the contralateral kidney: usefulness for differential diagnosis of fetal unilateral empty renal fossa". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 34 (5): 515–20. doi:10.1002/uog.7336. PMID 19852048.
  5. ↑ Huber C, Shazly SA, Blumenfeld YJ, Jelin E, Ruano R (2019). "Update on the Prenatal Diagnosis and Outcomes of Fetal Bilateral Renal Agenesis". Obstet Gynecol Surv. 74 (5): 298–302. doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000670. PMID 31098643.
  6. ↑ Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, Lémery D, Francannet C, Quistrebert J; et al. (2017). "Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries". Birth Defects Res. 109 (15): 1204–1211. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1065. PMID 28722320.
  7. ↑ Westland R, Schreuder MF, Ket JC, van Wijk JA (2013). "Unilateral renal agenesis: a systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 28 (7): 1844–55. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft012. PMID 23449343.

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