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| __NOTOC__
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| {{Thoracic Aortic Disease}}
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| ==Overview==
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| ==Genetics==
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| ==2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations: Genetic Syndromes associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid20233780">{{cite journal| author=Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE et al.| title=2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. | journal=Circulation | year= 2010 | volume= 121 | issue= 13 | pages= e266-369 | pmid=20233780 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233780 }} </ref>==
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| ===Recommendations for Genetic Syndromes of Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Sequencing of the [[ACTA2]] gene is reasonable in patients with a family history of thoracic aortic aneurysms and/or dissections to determine if ACTA2 mutations are responsible for the inherited predisposition. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Sequencing of other genes known to cause familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and/or dissection ([[TGFBR1]], [[TGFBR2]], [[MYH11]]) may be considered in patients with a family history and clinical features associated with mutations in these genes. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' If one or more first-degree relatives of a patient with known thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection are found to have thoracic aortic dilatation, [[aortic aneurysm|aneurysm]], or [[aortic dissection|dissection]], then referral to a geneticist may be considered. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| ==2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations: Other Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid20233780">{{cite journal| author=Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE et al.| title=2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. | journal=Circulation | year= 2010 | volume= 121 | issue= 13 | pages= e266-369 | pmid=20233780 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233780 }} </ref>==
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| ===Recommendations for Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Associated Congenital Variants in adults===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' First-degree relatives of patients with a bicuspid aortic valve, premature onset of thoracic aortic disease with minimal risk factors, and/or a familial form of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection should be evaluated for the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve and asymptomatic thoracic aortic disease. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' All patients with a bicuspid aortic valve should have both the aortic root and ascending thoracic aorta evaluated for evidence of aortic dilatation. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| ==2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations: Inflammatory Diseases Associated with Thoracic Aortic Disease (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid20233780">{{cite journal| author=Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE et al.| title=2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. | journal=Circulation | year= 2010 | volume= 121 | issue= 13 | pages= e266-369 | pmid=20233780 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233780 }} </ref>==
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| ===Recommendations for Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Initial therapy for active Takayasu arteritis and active giant cell arteritis should be corticosteroids at a high dose (prednisone 40 to 60 mg daily at initiation or its equivalent) to reduce the active inflammatory state. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]]) <nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' The success of treatment of patients with Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis should be periodically evaluated to determine disease activity by repeated physical examination and either an erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein level. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Elective revascularization of patients with Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis should be delayed until the acute inflammatory state is treated and quiescent. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' The initial evaluation of Takayasu arteritis or giant cell arteritis should include thoracic aorta and branch vessel computed tomographic imaging or magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the possibility of aneurysm or occlusive disease in these vessels. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' It is reasonable to treat patients with Takayasu arteritis receiving corticosteroids with an additionalanti-inflammatory agent if there is evidence of progression of vascular disease, recurrence of constitutional symptoms, or re-elevation of inflammatory marker. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]]) '' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| ==2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations: Aortic Arch and Thoracic Aortic Atheroma and Atheroembolic Disease. (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid20233780">{{cite journal| author=Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, Bersin RM, Carr VF, Casey DE et al.| title=2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. | journal=Circulation | year= 2010 | volume= 121 | issue= 13 | pages= e266-369 | pmid=20233780 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181d4739e | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20233780 }} </ref>==
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| ===Recommendations for Aortic Arch and Thoracic Aortic Atheroma and Atheroembolic Disease===
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Treatment with a statin is a reasonable option for patients with aortic arch atheroma to reduce the risk of stroke. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| {|class="wikitable"
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| | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]
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| |bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (INR 2.0 to 3.0) or antiplatelet therapy may be considered in stroke patients with aortic arch atheroma 4.0 mm or greater to prevent recurrent stroke. ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Needs content]]
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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