Chronic liver disease physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Physical examination

Skin

• Increased pigmentation of the skin
• Tattoos
• Scratch marks

Eyes

• Kayser-Fleischer ring
• Jaundice

Heart

• Signs of right heart failure

Lungs

• Hyperventilation

Abdomen

• Hepatomegaly
• Ascites
• Spider nevi (angiomata)
• Caput medusae

Extremities

• Dupuytren's contracture
• Leukonychia
• Peripheral oedema
• Bruising
• Clubbing
• Palmar erythema

Neurologic

• Peripheral neuropathy
• Cerebellar signs
• Asterixis
• Drowsiness

Other

• Parotidomegally
• Gynaecomastia
• Feminising hair distribution
• Testicular atrophy
• Anaemia