Clostridium difficile infection: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Taxobox
{{Siren|Clostridium difficile infection}}
| color = lightgrey
{{Clostridium difficile infection}}
| name = ''Clostridium difficile''
{{About1|Clostridium difficile}}
| image = Clostridium_difficile_01.jpg
'''''For patient information, click [[Pseudomembranous colitis (patient information)|here]].'''''<br>
| image_caption = ''C. difficile'' colonies on a blood [[agar plate]].
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}; Abhishek Deshpande, M.D., Ph.D.
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]]
| divisio = [[Firmicutes]]
| classis = [[Clostridia]]
| ordo = [[Clostridiales]]
| familia = [[Clostridiaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Clostridium]]''
| species = '''''C. difficile'''''
| binomial = ''Clostridium difficile''
| binomial_authority = Hall & O'Toole, 1935
}}
{{Clostridium difficile}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:''' [[User:Abhishek Deshpande|Abhishek Deshpande, M.D., PhD]]


{{SK}} C. Diff
{{SK}} CDI; C. difficile; C. diff; C. diff infection; BI/NAP/027; CDAD; Hypervirulent ''Clostridium difficile''


==[[Clostridium difficile overview|Overview]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection overview|Overview]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile causes|Causes]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection causes|Causes]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile differential diagnosis|Differentiating Clostridium difficile from other Diseases]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection classification|Classification]] ==


==[[Clostridium difficile epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Clostridium difficile from other Diseases]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Clostridium difficile natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[Clostridium difficile infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Clostridium difficile infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==


[[Clostridium difficile diagnostic criteria|Diagnostic Criteria]] | [[Clostridium difficile history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Clostridium difficile physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Clostridium difficile laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Clostridium difficile MRI|MRI]] | [[Clostridium difficile echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Clostridium difficile other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Clostridium difficile other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Clostridium difficile infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection abdominal x ray|Abdominal X Ray]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection abdominal CT scan|Abdominal CT Scan]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection biopsy|Biopsy]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==


[[Clostridium difficile medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Clostridium difficile surgery|Surgery]] | [[Clostridium difficile prevention|Prevention]] | [[Clostridium difficile cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Clostridium difficile future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
[[Clostridium difficile infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection surgery|Surgery]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection prevention|Prevention]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Clostridium difficile infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
==Case Studies==
[[Clostridium difficile case study one|Case #1]]
==References==
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The content on this page was first contributed by: Ellison L. Smith, M.D.
=== Further reading ===
* {{cite journal |author=Dallal R, Harbrecht B, Boujoukas A, Sirio C, Farkas L, Lee K, Simmons R |title=Fulminant ''Clostridium difficile'': an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications |journal=Ann Surg |volume=235 |issue=3 |pages=363-72 |year=2002 |url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=11882758 |pmid=11882758}}
* {{cite book | author = Martin S, Jung R | title = Gastrointestinal infections and enterotoxigenic poisonings. In:  Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, editors). | pages = pp. 2042-2043 | edition = 6th ed. | publisher = McGraw-Hill | year = 2005 | id = ISBN }}
* {{cite journal |author=McDonald L, Killgore G, Thompson A, Owens R, Kazakova S, Sambol S, Johnson S, Gerding D |title=An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of ''Clostridium difficile'' |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=353 |issue=23 |pages=2433-41 |year=2005 |pmid=16322603}}
* {{cite book | author = Yamada T; Alpers DH (editors) | title = Textbook of Gastroenterology | edition = 4th ed. | pages = pp. 1870-1875 | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | year = 2003 | id = ISBN 0-7817-2861-4 }}
* {{cite journal |author=van den Hof S, van der Kooi T, van den Berg R, Kuijper E, Notermans D |title=''Clostridium difficile'' PCR ribotype 027 outbreaks in the Netherlands: recent surveillance data indicate that outbreaks are not easily controlled but interhospital transmission is limited |journal=Euro Surveill |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=E060126.2 |year=2006 |url=http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2006/060126.asp#2 | pmid=16801713}}
* {{cite journal |author=Sunenshine R, McDonald L | title = ''Clostridium difficile-associated disease: New challenges from an established pathogen''| journal=Cleveland Clinic J. Med. |volume=73 |pages=187 |year=2006}}
==External links==
* [http://www.cdiff-support.co.uk ''UK Clostridium difficile'' Support Group]
* [http://www.cdiffsupport.com ''Clostridium difficile'' Support Group]
* [http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6971098 "From hand to mouth"] Article from The Economist discussing ''C. difficile'' (requires subscription)
* [http://pathema.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/Clostridium/PathemaHomePage.cgi Pathema-''Clostridium'' Resource]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5447a1.htm US CDC Report on Severe ''Clostridium difficile''--Associated Disease in Populations Previously at Low Risk--Four States, 2005]


[[es:Clostridium difficile]]
[[Clostridium difficile infection case study one|Case #1]]
[[fr:Clostridium difficile]]


==External Links==


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
[http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/cdiff/Cdiff_tagged.pdf CDC FAQs about ''Clostridium difficile'' infection]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}


[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 17:25, 18 September 2017

Resident
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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Classification

Differentiating Clostridium difficile infectionfrom other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Abdominal X Ray

Abdominal CT Scan

Other Imaging Findings

Biopsy

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Clostridium difficile.

For patient information, click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Abhishek Deshpande, M.D., Ph.D.

Synonyms and keywords: CDI; C. difficile; C. diff; C. diff infection; BI/NAP/027; CDAD; Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Classification

Differentiating Clostridium difficile from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Abdominal X Ray | Abdominal CT Scan | Other Imaging Findings | Biopsy

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

External Links

CDC FAQs about Clostridium difficile infection

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