Mumps (patient information)

Mumps
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
When to seek urgent medical care?
Diagnosis
Diseases with similar symptoms
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Mumps?
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Prevention
Mumps On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Mumps
Videos on Mumps
FDA on Mumps
CDC on Mumps
Mumps in the news
Blogs on Mumps
Directions to Hospitals Treating Mumps
Risk calculators and risk factors for Mumps

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Alexandra Palmer

Overview

Mumps is a contagious disease that leads to painful swelling of the salivary glands. The salivary glands produce saliva, a liquid that moistens food and helps you chew and swallow.

What are the symptoms of Mumps?

• Common symptoms include:

• Face pain
• Fever
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Swelling of the parotid glands (the largest salivary glands, located between the ear and the jaw)
• Swelling of the temples or jaw (temporomandibular area)

• Other symptoms of this disease that can occur in males:

• Testiclar lump
• Testicle pain
• Scrotal swelling

What causes Mumps?

• The mumps are caused by a virus. The virus is spread from person-to-person by respiratory droplets (for example, when you sneeze) or by direct contact with items that have been contaminated with infected saliva.

• Mumps most commonly occurs in children ages 2 - 12 who have not been vaccinated against the disease. However, the infection can occur at any age.

• The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is usually 12 - 24 days.

• Mumps may also infect the:

• Central nervous system
• Pancreas
• Testes

Who is at highest risk?

Anyone in direct contact with someone with mumps is at risk for the disease. Also, people who have not been vaccinated against mumps are at increased risk for the disease.

When to seek urgent medical care?

• Call your health care provider if you or your child has mumps and:

• Eye redness
• Persistent drowsiness
• Persistent vomiting or abdominal pain
• Severe headache
• Testicle pain or a testicle lump

• Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if convulsions occur.

Diagnosis

• A physical examination confirms the presence of the swollen glands.
• No testing is usually required.

Diseases with similar symptoms

• Parotitis

Treatment options

• There is no specific treatment for mumps.

• Ice or heat packs applied to the neck area and acetaminophen (Tylenol) may help relieve pain.

• Do not give aspirin to children with a viral illness because of the risk of Reye syndrome.

• You can also relieve symptoms with:

• Extra fluids
• Soft foods
• Warm salt water gargles

Where to find medical care for Mumps?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mumps

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Patients usually do well, even if other organs are involved. After the illness, the patient has a life-long immunity to the mumps.

Possible complications

Inflammation of testis can occur. Rarely, it may lead to infertility.

Prevention of Mumps

MMR immunization (vaccine) protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. It should be given to children 12 - 15 months old. The vaccine is given again between ages 4 - 6, or between ages 11 - 12, if it wasn't given before. Recent outbreaks of the mumps have reinforced the importance of having all children vaccinated.

Sources

National Library of Medicine