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{{Infobox_Disease |
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  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|18|4|a|15}} ([[ILDS]] A18.420) |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|017.0}} |
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{{SI}}
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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AN}} {{KS}}
 
{{SK}} Tuberculosis luposa


{{{SK}} Tuberculosis luposa
==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Lupus vulgaris''' (also known as "Tuberculosis luposa"<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=Chapter 74 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>) are painful cutaneous [[tuberculosis]] skin lesions with [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] appearance, most often on the face around nose, [[eyelid]]s, lips, cheeks and ears.<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|335}} The lesions may ultimately develop into disfiguring [[skin ulcer]]s if left untreated. In the 19th century, the chronic and progressive nature of this disease was particularly marked: it remained active for ten years, twenty years, or even longer and, proved resistant to all treatment until the breakthrough by [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] using a form of "concentrated light radiation" now known as [[Photobiomodulation]] which won him a Nobel Prize.
Lupus vulgaris<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=Chapter 74 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> are painful cutaneous [[tuberculosis]] skin lesions with [[Nodule (medicine)|nodular]] appearance, most often on the face around nose, [[eyelid]]s, lips, cheeks and ears.<ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher=Saunders Elsevier |location= |year=2006 |pages= |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|335}} The lesions may ultimately develop into disfiguring [[skin ulcer]]s if left untreated.
 
==Historical Perspective==
In the 19th century, the chronic and progressive nature of this disease was particularly marked: it remained active for ten years, twenty years, or even longer and, proved resistant to all treatment until the breakthrough by [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] using a form of "concentrated light radiation" now known as [[Photobiomodulation]] which won him a Nobel Prize.
Queen Alexandra of Great Britain, (1844–1925), consort to Edward the VII, as the inscription on the bronze statue of her at the London Hospital, notes, "Introduced to England the Finsen light cure for Lupus, and presented the first lamp to this hospital".
Queen Alexandra of Great Britain, (1844–1925), consort to Edward the VII, as the inscription on the bronze statue of her at the London Hospital, notes, "Introduced to England the Finsen light cure for Lupus, and presented the first lamp to this hospital".


The term "lupus" to describe an ulcerative skin disease dates to the late thirteenth century, though it was not until the mid-nineteenth that two specific skin diseases were classified as [[Lupus erythematosus]] and Lupus vulgaris. The term "lupus" may derive from the rapacity and virulence of the disease; a 1590 work described it as "a malignant ulcer quickly consuming the neather parts; ... very hungry like unto a woolfe".<ref>"Lupus", Oxford English Dictionary, online second edition. Accessed 2006</ref>
The term "lupus" to describe an ulcerative skin disease dates to the late thirteenth century, though it was not until the mid-nineteenth that two specific skin diseases were classified as [[Lupus erythematosus]] and Lupus vulgaris. The term "lupus" may derive from the rapacity and virulence of the disease; a 1590 work described it as "a malignant ulcer quickly consuming the neather parts; ... very hungry like unto a woolfe".<ref>"Lupus", Oxford English Dictionary, online second edition. Accessed 2006</ref>
==Pathophysiology==
* Lupus vulgaris often develops due to inadequately treated pre-existing [[tuberculosis]]. It may also develop at site of BCG vaccination. <ref name=ch>{{cite book|title=Dermatology - A colour handbook, 2nd ed|year=2010|publisher=Manson Publishing|isbn=9781840765960|pages=216}}</ref>
* It begins as painless reddish-brown nodules which slowly enlarge to form irregularly shaped red.
==Diagnosis==
===Physical Examination===
====Skin====
=====Extremity=====
<gallery>
Image:Lupus vulgaris01.jpg|Lupus vulgaris. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Lupus vulgaris02.jpg|Lupus vulgaris. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Lupus vulgaris03.jpg|Lupus vulgaris. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Lupus vulgaris04.jpg|Lupus vulgaris. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Lupus vulgaris05.jpg|Lupus vulgaris. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>
===Microscopic Pathology===
[[Image:Lupus histology.jpg|left|300px]]
<br clear="left"/>
[[Histologically]], it shows well-formed granulomas with necrotic centers in [[dermis]].
==Differentiating Lupus vulgaris from other Diseases==
The condition should be distinguished from:
* [[Basal cell carcinoma]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Discoid lupus erythomatosus]]
* [[Leprosy]]<ref name='ch' />
* [[Mycosis|Deep fungal infection]]<ref name='ch' />
==Complications==
In long standing scarred lesion, [[squamous cell carcinoma]] can develop.
==Diagnosis==
===Physical Examination===
[[Image:Lupus vulgaris.jpg|left|200px]]   
[[Image:Lupus vulgaris case.jpg|left|200px|Lupus vulgaris in a woman in the 19th century]]
[[Image:Lupus vulgaris case1.jpg|left|200px|Hyperkeratotic changes in the skin]]
<br clear="left"/>
===Laboratory Findings===
====Diascopy====
On [[diascopy]], it shows characteristic "apple-jelly" color.
====Biopsy====
Biopsy will reveal tuberculoid [[granuloma]] with few bacilli.
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
A dermatologist or general physician usually administers combination therapy of drugs used for tuberculosis, such as [[Rifampicin]], [[Isoniazid]] and [[Pyrazinamide]] (possibly with either [[streptomycin]] or [[ethambutol]]).


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==External Links==
* [[Miliary tuberculosis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]


{{Bacterial diseases}}
{{Bacterial diseases}}
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Latest revision as of 18:14, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Tuberculosis luposa

Overview

Lupus vulgaris[1] are painful cutaneous tuberculosis skin lesions with nodular appearance, most often on the face around nose, eyelids, lips, cheeks and ears.[2]:335 The lesions may ultimately develop into disfiguring skin ulcers if left untreated.

Historical Perspective

In the 19th century, the chronic and progressive nature of this disease was particularly marked: it remained active for ten years, twenty years, or even longer and, proved resistant to all treatment until the breakthrough by Niels Ryberg Finsen using a form of "concentrated light radiation" now known as Photobiomodulation which won him a Nobel Prize. Queen Alexandra of Great Britain, (1844–1925), consort to Edward the VII, as the inscription on the bronze statue of her at the London Hospital, notes, "Introduced to England the Finsen light cure for Lupus, and presented the first lamp to this hospital".

The term "lupus" to describe an ulcerative skin disease dates to the late thirteenth century, though it was not until the mid-nineteenth that two specific skin diseases were classified as Lupus erythematosus and Lupus vulgaris. The term "lupus" may derive from the rapacity and virulence of the disease; a 1590 work described it as "a malignant ulcer quickly consuming the neather parts; ... very hungry like unto a woolfe".[3]

Pathophysiology

  • Lupus vulgaris often develops due to inadequately treated pre-existing tuberculosis. It may also develop at site of BCG vaccination. [4]
  • It begins as painless reddish-brown nodules which slowly enlarge to form irregularly shaped red.

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

Skin

Extremity



Microscopic Pathology


Histologically, it shows well-formed granulomas with necrotic centers in dermis.

Differentiating Lupus vulgaris from other Diseases

The condition should be distinguished from:

Complications

In long standing scarred lesion, squamous cell carcinoma can develop.

Diagnosis

Physical Examination

Lupus vulgaris in a woman in the 19th century
Lupus vulgaris in a woman in the 19th century
Hyperkeratotic changes in the skin
Hyperkeratotic changes in the skin


Laboratory Findings

Diascopy

On diascopy, it shows characteristic "apple-jelly" color.

Biopsy

Biopsy will reveal tuberculoid granuloma with few bacilli.

Treatment

Medical Therapy

A dermatologist or general physician usually administers combination therapy of drugs used for tuberculosis, such as Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide (possibly with either streptomycin or ethambutol).

References

  1. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. Chapter 74. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
  2. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
  3. ↑ "Lupus", Oxford English Dictionary, online second edition. Accessed 2006
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Dermatology - A colour handbook, 2nd ed. Manson Publishing. 2010. p. 216. ISBN 9781840765960.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Dermatology Atlas".

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