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{{Increased bowel sounds}}
{{Increased bowel sounds}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{ADI}}, [[Maheep Singh Sangha|Maheep Singh Sangha, M.B.B.S.]]
==Overview==
Most of the sounds heard in the [[stomach]] and [[intestines]] are due to normal digestion and are no need for concern. Many conditions can cause hyperactive or hypoactive bowel sounds. Most are harmless and do not need to be treated.


==Causes==
==Causes==
Most of the sounds you hear in your stomach and intestines are due to normal digestion and are no need for concern. Many conditions can cause hyperactive or hypoactive bowel sounds. Most are harmless and do not need to be treated.


The following is a list of more serious conditions that can cause abnormal bowel sounds.
===Common Causes===
Hyperactive, hypoactive, or missing bowel sounds:
* [[Bowel obstruction]]
* [[Crohn's disease]]
* [[Hernia]]
* [[Strangulation]]
* [[Enteritis]]


*Blocked blood vessels prevent the intestines from getting proper blood flow. For example, blood clots can cause mesenteric artery occlusion.
===Causes by Organ System===
*Mechanical bowel obstruction is caused by hernia, tumor, adhesions, or similar conditions that can block the intestines.
*Paralytic ileus is a problem with the nerves to the intestines. Reduced nerve activity can result from:
**Blood vessel blockage
**Bowel blockage
**Chemical imbalances such as hypokalemia
**Infection
**Overexpansion of the bowel
**Trauma


Other causes of hyperactive bowel sounds:
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ciguatera poisoning]], [[Food poisoning]], [[Herbalism|Herbal Agent overdose]] ([[Pygeum africanum]])


*Crohn's disease
|-
*Diarrhea
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
*Food allergy
| '''Dermatologic'''
*GI bleeding
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
*Infectious enteritis
|-
*Ulcerative colitis
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anticholinergics]], [[Codeine]], [[Dextromethorphan]], [[Spironolactone]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bowel obstruction]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Diarrhea]], [[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage]], [[GI bleeding]], [[Hernia]], [[Ogilvie's syndrome ]], [[Pancolitis]], [[Strangulation]], [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Gastroenteritis]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria ]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abdominal surgery]], [[Radiation]], [[Spinal anesthesia]], [[General anesthesia]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Babesiosis ]], [[Gastroenteritis]], [[Infectious enteritis]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Porphyria]], [[Bowel obstruction]], [[Abdominal surgery]], [[Hyponatremia]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Rhubarb overdose]], [[Serotonin toxicity]], [[Sympathomimetic overdose]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyponatremia]]
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Food additive|Food additive adverse reaction]], [[Food allergy]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Ulcerative colitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
* [[Abdominal surgery]]
 
* [[Anticholinergics]]
 
* [[Babesiosis ]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250876/</ref>
 
* [[Bowel obstruction]]
 
* [[Ciguatera poisoning]]<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm</ref>
 
* [[Codeine  ]]
 
* [[Crohn's disease]]
 
* [[Dextromethorphan]]
 
* [[Diarrhea]]
 
* [[Food additive|Food additive adverse reaction]]
 
* [[Food allergy]]
 
* [[Food poisoning]]
 
* [[Gastroenteritis]]
 
* [[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage]]
 
* [[General anesthesia]]
 
* [[GI bleeding]]
 
* [[Herbalism|Herbal agent overdose]]  ([[Pygeum africanum]])<ref name="pmid11896748">{{cite journal |author= |title=Pygeum africanum (Prunus africanus) (African plum tree). Monograph |journal=[[Alternative Medicine Review : a Journal of Clinical Therapeutic]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=71–4 |year=2002 |month=February |pmid=11896748 |doi= |url=http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/7/1/71.pdf |accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
 
* [[Hernia]]
 
* [[Hyponatremia]]<ref>http://www.scribd.com/doc/22263845/ELECTROLITOS-NCLEX</ref>
 
* [[Infectious enteritis]]
 
* [[Ogilvie's syndrome ]]
 
* [[Pancolitis]]
 
* [[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="urlPolyarteritis Nodosa Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disease">{{cite web |url=http://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(07)00817-8/abstract |title=Polyarteritis Nodosa Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disease |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
 
* [[Porphyria ]]<ref name="pmid20842901">{{cite journal |author=Sparić R, Berisavac I, Arsenijević L, Berisavac M, Dokić M, Savić O, Ilić-Mostić T, Kadija S |title=[Acute intermittent porphyria in the puerperium] |journal=[[Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo]] |volume=138 |issue=7-8 |pages=506–9 |year=2010 |pmid=20842901 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
 
* [[Radiation ]]
 
* [[Rhubarb overdose]]
 
* [[Serotonin toxicity]]
 
* [[Spinal anesthesia]]
 
* [[Spironolactone ]]<ref name="urlSpironolactone Side Effects | Drugs.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.drugs.com/sfx/spironolactone-side-effects.html |title=Spironolactone Side Effects &#124; Drugs.com |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
 
* [[Strangulation]]
 
* [[Sympathomimetic overdose]]
 
* [[Ulcerative colitis]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Needs causes]]

Latest revision as of 14:47, 9 June 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2], Maheep Singh Sangha, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Most of the sounds heard in the stomach and intestines are due to normal digestion and are no need for concern. Many conditions can cause hyperactive or hypoactive bowel sounds. Most are harmless and do not need to be treated.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Ciguatera poisoning, Food poisoning, Herbal Agent overdose (Pygeum africanum)
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Anticholinergics, Codeine, Dextromethorphan, Spironolactone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Bowel obstruction, Crohn's disease, Diarrhea, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, GI bleeding, Hernia, Ogilvie's syndrome , Pancolitis, Strangulation, Ulcerative colitis, Gastroenteritis
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Porphyria
Iatrogenic Abdominal surgery, Radiation, Spinal anesthesia, General anesthesia
Infectious Disease Babesiosis , Gastroenteritis, Infectious enteritis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Porphyria, Bowel obstruction, Abdominal surgery, Hyponatremia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Rhubarb overdose, Serotonin toxicity, Sympathomimetic overdose
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Hyponatremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Food additive adverse reaction, Food allergy, Polyarteritis nodosa, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250876/
  2. ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm
  3. ↑ "Pygeum africanum (Prunus africanus) (African plum tree). Monograph" (PDF). Alternative Medicine Review : a Journal of Clinical Therapeutic. 7 (1): 71–4. 2002. PMID 11896748. Retrieved 2013-01-06. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ http://www.scribd.com/doc/22263845/ELECTROLITOS-NCLEX
  5. ↑ "Polyarteritis Nodosa Mimicking Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  6. ↑ Sparić R, Berisavac I, Arsenijević L, Berisavac M, Dokić M, Savić O, Ilić-Mostić T, Kadija S (2010). "[Acute intermittent porphyria in the puerperium]". Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo. 138 (7–8): 506–9. PMID 20842901. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  7. ↑ "Spironolactone Side Effects | Drugs.com". Retrieved 2013-01-06.
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