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{{CMG}} '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
{{CMG}} '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{MIR}} {{CZ}}; {{KD}}
 
==Overview==
==Overview==
In 1782, Goeze was the first who described the [[Echinococcal cyst|echinococcosis cysts]] and the [[tapeworm]] heads. Later, in 1786, Batsch was the first who described ''[[Echinococcus granulosus|E. granulosus]]'' with detail. In 1863, Rudolf Leuckart was the first who identified ''[[E. multilocularis]]''.
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
 
The most important historical events considering:<ref name="TappeDennis">Tappe, Dennis, August Stich, and Matthias Frosch. "Emergence of Polycystic  Neotropical Echinococcosis." Emerging Infectious Disease 14.2 (2008): 292-97. Web. 21 February 2010.</ref><ref>Howorth, MB. "Echinococcosis Of Bone." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 27. (1945): 401-11. Web. 21 February 2010.</ref><ref name="pmid12364371">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox FE |title=History of human parasitology |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=595–612 |year=2002 |pmid=12364371 |pmc=126866 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*In 1782, Goeze was the first who described the [[Echinococcal cyst|echinococcosis cysts]] and the [[tapeworm]] heads.  
Echinococcosis is a disease that has been recognized by humans for centuries. There has been mention of it in the Talmud. It was also recognized by ancient scholars such as [[Hippocrates]], [[Aretaeus]], [[Galen]] and [[Rhazes]]. Although echinococcosis has been well known for the past two thousand years, it wasn’t until the past couple of hundred years that real progress was made in determining and describing its parasitic origin. The first step towards figuring out the cause of echinococcosis occurred during the 17th century when [[Francesco Redi]] illustrated that the hydatid cysts of echinococcosis were of “animal” origin. Then, in 1766, [[Pierre Simon Pallas]] predicted that these hydatid cysts found in infected humans were actually larval stages of tapeworms. A few decades afterwards, in 1782, [[Johann August Ephraim Goeze|Goeze]] accurately described the cysts and the tapeworm heads while in 1786, ''E. granulosus'' was accurately described by [[August Batsch|Batsch]]. Half a century later, during the 1850s, [[Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold|Karl von Siebold]] showed through a series of experiments that ''Echinococcus'' cysts do cause adult tapeworms in dogs. Shortly after this, in 1863, ''E. multilocularis'' was identified by [[Rudolf Leuckart]]. Then, during the early to mid 1900s, the more distinct features of ''E. granulosus and E. multilocularis'', their life cycles and how they cause disease were more fully described as more and more people began researching and performing experiments and studies. While ''E. granulosus'' and ''E. multilocularis'' were both linked to human echinococcosis before or shortly after the 20th century, it wasn’t until the mid 1900s that ''E. oligarthus'' and ''E. vogeli'' were identified as and shown as being causes of human echinococcosis.<ref name="TappeDennis">Tappe, Dennis, August Stich, and Matthias Frosch. "Emergence of Polycystic  Neotropical Echinococcosis." Emerging Infectious Disease 14.2 (2008): 292-97. Web. 21 February 2010.</ref><ref>Howorth, MB. "Echinococcosis Of Bone." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 27. (1945): 401-11. Web. 21 February 2010.</ref><ref>Connolly, Stephanie. Echinococcosis. 2006. Web. 5 February 2010. <http://www.stanford.edu/group/parasites/ParaSites2006/Echinococcus/index.html>.</ref>
*In 1786, Batsch was the first who described ''[[Echinococcus granulosus|E. granulosus]]'' with detail.
 
*In 1850, Karl von Siebold was the first who conducted a series of [[experiments]] demonstrating that [[Echinococcus cyst|e''chinococcus'' cysts]] were causing adult [[tapeworms]] in dogs.
*In 1863, Rudolf Leuckart was the first who described ''[[Echinococcus multilocularis|E. multilocularis]]''.  
*In the early 1900s, the distinctive features of ''[[Echinococcus granulosus|E. granulosus]] and [[Echinococcus multilocularis|E. multilocularis]]'' and their life cycles were described.  
*The association between ''E. oligarthus'' and ''E. vogeli''  and human [[echinococcosis]] was made during mid-1900s.


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
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Latest revision as of 21:32, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]

Overview

In 1782, Goeze was the first who described the echinococcosis cysts and the tapeworm heads. Later, in 1786, Batsch was the first who described E. granulosus with detail. In 1863, Rudolf Leuckart was the first who identified E. multilocularis.

Historical Perspective

The most important historical events considering:[1][2][3]

References

  1. Tappe, Dennis, August Stich, and Matthias Frosch. "Emergence of Polycystic Neotropical Echinococcosis." Emerging Infectious Disease 14.2 (2008): 292-97. Web. 21 February 2010.
  2. Howorth, MB. "Echinococcosis Of Bone." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 27. (1945): 401-11. Web. 21 February 2010.
  3. Cox FE (2002). "History of human parasitology". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15 (4): 595–612. PMC 126866. PMID 12364371.

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