Granulocytosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:50, 18 September 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Neutrophilia, congenital neutrophilia

Overview

Granulocytosis is defined as the presence of an increased number of granulocytes, a category of white blood cells present in the peripheral blood. Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count, as neutrophils are the main granulocytes. An increase in eosinophil granulocyte is known as eosinophilia. In cardiovascular disease, increased white blood cell counts have been shown to indicate a worse prognosis.

Common Causes

Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of diseases:

Infection, especially bacterial
Malignancy, most notably leukemia (it is the main feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia, CML)
Autoimmune disease

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Aminophylline, Dinoprostone, Filgrastim, Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, Lithium, Sulprostone, Thrombin human
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute pancreatitis, Gallbladder empyema
Genetic	Acute intermittent porphyria, Hereditary neutrophilia, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Hematologic	Acute intermittent porphyria, Leukemoid reaction, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2, Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 3, Lymphangitis, Polycythaemia rubra vera, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Iatrogenic	Splenectomy
Infectious Disease	Congenital syphilis, Hantavirus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Acute myeloid leukemia, Acute promyelocytic leukemia, Chronic myeloid leukaemia, Mast cell leukemia, Polycythaemia rubra vera
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Wegener granulomatosis, Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Renal / Electrolyte	Wegener granulomatosis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Adult-onset Still disease, Urate crystal arthropathy, Wegener granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Left Shift

A "left shift" refers to the presence of increased proportions of younger, less well differentiated neutrophils and neutrophil-precursor cells in the blood. This generally reflects early or premature release of myeloid cells from the bone marrow, the site where neutrophils are generated. A severe neutrophilia with left shift is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score, which refers to the amount of alkaline phosphatase per neutrophil, will increase. In a severe infection, toxic granulation changes happen to the neutrophils.

This can resemble Pelger-Huet anomaly.^[1]^[2]

Related Chapters

References

↑ Mohamed IS, Wynn RJ, Cominsky K; et al. (June 2006). "White blood cell left shift in a neonate: a case of mistaken identity". J Perinatol. 26 (6): 378–80. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211513. PMID 16724080.
↑ Shmuely H, Pitlik SD, Inbal A, Rosenfeld JB (June 1993). "Pelger-Huët anomaly mimicking 'shift to the left'". Neth J Med. 42 (5–6): 168–70. PMID 8377874.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid16724080-1] Mohamed IS, Wynn RJ, Cominsky K; et al. (June 2006). "White blood cell left shift in a neonate: a case of mistaken identity". J Perinatol. 26 (6): 378–80. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211513. PMID 16724080.

[pmid8377874-2] Shmuely H, Pitlik SD, Inbal A, Rosenfeld JB (June 1993). "Pelger-Huët anomaly mimicking 'shift to the left'". Neth J Med. 42 (5–6): 168–70. PMID 8377874.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
+{{SI}}
-  Name           = Neutrophilia|
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{LG}}
-  ICD10          = |
-  ICD9           = |
-  Image          = |
-  Caption        = |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  DiseasesDB     = 8995 |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = |
-  eMedicineTopic = |
-}}
-{{SI}}
+{{SK}} Neutrophilia, congenital neutrophilia
-{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{LG}}
 ==Overview==
-*Granulocytosis is defined as the presence of an increased number of [[granulocyte]]s, a category of [[white blood cell]]s present in the [[peripheral blood]]. Often, the word refers to an increased [[neutrophil granulocyte]] count, as '''''neutrophils are the main granulocytes'''''.
+Granulocytosis is defined as the presence of an increased number of [[granulocyte]]s, a category of [[white blood cell]]s present in the [[peripheral blood]]. Often, the word refers to an increased [[neutrophil granulocyte]] count, as '''''neutrophils are the main granulocytes'''''. An increase in [[eosinophil granulocyte]] is known as [[eosinophilia]]. In [[cardiovascular disease]], [[increased white blood cell counts]] have been shown to indicate a worse prognosis.
-*An increase in [[eosinophil granulocyte]] is known as [[eosinophilia]].
+==Common Causes==
-*Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of diseases:
+Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of diseases:
 :* [[Infection]], especially [[bacterium|bacteria]]l
 :* [[Malignancy]], most notably [[leukemia]] (it is the main feature of [[chronic myelogenous leukemia]], CML)
 :* [[Autoimmune disease]]
-*In [[cardiovascular disease]], increased [[white blood cell]] counts have been shown to indicate a worse prognosis.
+==Causes by Organ System==
-== Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}} ==
-===Causes by Organ System===
 {|height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
@@ Line 45: / Line 30: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminophylline]], [[Dinoprostone]], [[Filgrastim]], [[Granulocyte colony stimulating factor]], [[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[Lithium]], [[Sulprostone]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminophylline]], [[Dinoprostone]], [[Filgrastim]], [[Granulocyte colony stimulating factor]], [[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[Lithium]], [[Sulprostone]], [[Thrombin human]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 141: / Line 126: @@
 |}
-===Causes in alphabetical order===
+==Causes in Alphabetical Order==
 *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
 *[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
@@ Line 172: / Line 157: @@
 *[[Splenectomy]]
 *[[Sulprostone]]
+*[[Thrombin human]]
 *[[Uric acid|Urate crystal]] [[arthropathy]]
 *[[Wegener granulomatosis]]
+==Left Shift==
+A "left shift" refers to the presence of increased proportions of younger, less well differentiated [[neutrophil]]s and neutrophil-precursor cells in the blood.  This generally reflects early or premature release of [[myeloid cells]] from the [[bone marrow]], the site where [[neutrophil]]s are generated.  A severe [[neutrophilia]] with left shift is referred to as a [[leukemoid reaction]]. The [[leukocyte alkaline phosphatase|leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)]] score, which refers to the amount of [[alkaline phosphatase]] per neutrophil, will increase. In a severe infection, toxic granulation changes happen to the neutrophils.
+This can resemble [[Pelger-Huet anomaly]].<ref name="pmid16724080">{{cite journal |author=Mohamed IS, Wynn RJ, Cominsky K, ''et al.'' |title=White blood cell left shift in a neonate: a case of mistaken identity |journal=J Perinatol |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=378–80 |date=June 2006 |pmid=16724080 |doi=10.1038/sj.jp.7211513}}</ref><ref name="pmid8377874">{{cite journal |author=Shmuely H, Pitlik SD, Inbal A, Rosenfeld JB |title=Pelger-Huët anomaly mimicking 'shift to the left' |journal=Neth J Med |volume=42 |issue=5–6 |pages=168–70 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8377874 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 ==Related Chapters==
 *[[Leukocytosis]]
 *[[Eosinophilia]]
 *[[Monocytosis]]
 *[[Lymphocytosis]]
 * [[Agranulocytosis]]
 * [[Complete blood count]]
@@ Line 189: / Line 181: @@
 [[Category:Laboratory Test]]
 [[Category:Hematology]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[Category:Blood tests]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Overview complete]]
+[[CAtegory:Needs content]]
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