Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis}} | {{Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis}} | ||
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{{ | ==Overview== | ||
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.<ref name="pmid5825411">{{cite journal |author=Fowler M, Carter RF |title=Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5464 |pages=740–2 |year=1965 |month=September |pmid=5825411 |url= |pmc=1846173}}</ref><ref name="pmid5354833">{{cite journal |author=Symmers WC |title=Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Britain |journal=Br Med J |volume=4 |issue=5681 |pages=449–54 |year=1969 |month=November |pmid=5354833 |pmc=1630535 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.4.5681.449|url=}}</ref> In the United States, there have been 128 PAM infections from 1962 through 2012 with only one survivor. These infections have primarily occurred in 15 southern-tier states, with more than half of all infections occurring in Texas and Florida. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
*Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.<ref name="pmid5825411">{{cite journal |author=Fowler M, Carter RF |title=Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5464 |pages=740–2 |year=1965 |month=September |pmid=5825411 |url= |pmc=1846173}}</ref><ref name="pmid5354833">{{cite journal |author=Symmers WC |title=Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Britain |journal=Br Med J |volume=4 |issue=5681 |pages=449–54 |year=1969 |month=November |pmid=5354833 |pmc=1630535 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.4.5681.449|url=}}</ref> In 1966, four cases were reported in the USA. By 1968 the causative organism, previously thought to be a species of ''Acanthamoeba'' or ''Hartmanella'', was identified as ''Naegleria''. This same year, occurrence of 16 cases over period of two years (1963–1965) was reported in Ústí nad Labem.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Červa L. | coauthors=K. Novák | title=Ameobic meningoencephalitis: sixteen fatalities| journal=Science| year=160 | date = 5 April 1968 | pages=92 | doi=10.1126/science.160.3823.92 | pmid=5642317 | volume=160 | issue=3823 }}</ref> In 1970, the species of amoeba was named ''[[N. fowleri]]''.<ref>{{cite book | |||
|last=Gutierrez|first=Yezid | |last=Gutierrez|first=Yezid | ||
|title=Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections with Clinical Correlations | |title=Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections with Clinical Correlations | ||
| Line 24: | Line 26: | ||
|ref=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKSEhVMVrJ4C&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=meningitis+australia+outbreak+amebic+OR+amoebic+amebic+OR+amoebic&source=web&ots=Wh22FBPzKB&sig=wJHcjtt5AXP_rd9O0Z5y8EqRiuo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result | |ref=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=oKSEhVMVrJ4C&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=meningitis+australia+outbreak+amebic+OR+amoebic+amebic+OR+amoebic&source=web&ots=Wh22FBPzKB&sig=wJHcjtt5AXP_rd9O0Z5y8EqRiuo&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
*In 2010, a 7-year-old girl in Stillwater, Minnesota died of the disease.<ref name="minn">{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/east/101599778.html?elr=KArksLckD8EQDUoaEyqyP4O:DW3ckUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUac8HEaDiaMDCinchO7DU|title=Stillwater girl dies of very rare form of meningitis|accessdate=26 August 2010|publisher=[[Minneapolis Star Tribune]]}}</ref> | |||
*In August 2010, 7-year-old Kyle Lewis died after contracting the protist from swimming in Lake Granbury and warm water near Glen Rose, Texas. Texas authorities say this is the tenth case since 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2010/aug/31/tarrant-county-resident-dies-amoeba-infection/ |title=Tarrant County resident dies from amoeba infection |publisher=Pegasus News |date=August 31, 2010 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> | |||
*In August 2011, a 16-year-old girl in Mims, Florida died after swimming in the St. John's River a week earlier. Doctors found ''N. fowleri'' in her cerebral spinal fluid.<ref name="vynbos">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2011/08/14/2011-08-14_florida_teen_courtney_nash_dies_from_rare_brain_parasite_after_swimming_in_river.html|title=Florida teen, Courtney Nash, dies from rare brain parasite|accessdate=15 August 2011|publisher=[[NY Daily News]]}}</ref> | |||
*As of December 2011, two individuals in Louisiana died after inhaling infected tap water while using a neti pot.<ref>{{cite web | |||
|last = Stobbe|first = Mike | |||
|title = Two die of rare brain infection from amoeba in water in neti pot | |||
|url = http://vitals.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/12/16/9503070-neti-pots-linked-to-brain-eating-amoeba-deaths | |||
|accessdate =19 December 2011}} | |||
</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
|agency=Associated Press | publisher=Yahoo! | |||
|title = Neti Pot Deaths Linked to Brain-Eating Amoeba in Tap Water | |||
|url = http://health.yahoo.net/articles/flu/neti-pot-deaths-linked-brain-eating-amoeba-tap-water | |||
|accessdate =19 December 2011}} | |||
</ref> | |||
*In July 2012, an 8 year old boy from Sumter, SC died after swimming in Lake Marion (South Carolina).<ref>{{cite web | |||
|agency=The State | |||
|title=Sumter boy dies of rare brain infection | |||
|url = http://www.thestate.com/2012/07/19/2360073/sumter-boy-dies-of-rare-brain.html | |||
|accessdate 19 July 2012}} | |||
</ref> | |||
*In southern part of Pakistan, 8 people died within a week of July 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2012/07/19/naegleria-spread-in-karachi-causes-symptoms-and-prevention/| title= 8 dies in Karachi due to Naegleria| accessdate = 2012-7-19}}</ref> | |||
*In August 2012, Jack Ariola Erenberg, a 9 year old boy from Stillwater, Minnesota, died after swimming in Lily Lake near his home.<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2186295/Jack-Ariola-9-killed-contracting-brain-eating-amoeba-Lily-Lake-Minnesota.html</ref> | |||
*In August 2012, Waylon Abel, 30, of Loogootee IN died after swimming in West Boggs Lake near his home.<ref>http://washtimesherald.com/local/x620788801/Beach-closed-Autopsy-confirms-rare-parasite</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Protozoal diseases]] | [[Category:Protozoal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Encephalitis]] | [[Category:Encephalitis]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Meningitis]] | [[Category:Meningitis]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological Disease]] | [[Category:Neurological Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:47, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.[1][2] In the United States, there have been 128 PAM infections from 1962 through 2012 with only one survivor. These infections have primarily occurred in 15 southern-tier states, with more than half of all infections occurring in Texas and Florida.
Historical Perspective
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first documented in Australia in 1965.[1][2] In 1966, four cases were reported in the USA. By 1968 the causative organism, previously thought to be a species of Acanthamoeba or Hartmanella, was identified as Naegleria. This same year, occurrence of 16 cases over period of two years (1963–1965) was reported in Ústí nad Labem.[3] In 1970, the species of amoeba was named N. fowleri.[4]
- In 2010, a 7-year-old girl in Stillwater, Minnesota died of the disease.[5]
- In August 2010, 7-year-old Kyle Lewis died after contracting the protist from swimming in Lake Granbury and warm water near Glen Rose, Texas. Texas authorities say this is the tenth case since 2000.[6]
- In August 2011, a 16-year-old girl in Mims, Florida died after swimming in the St. John's River a week earlier. Doctors found N. fowleri in her cerebral spinal fluid.[7]
- As of December 2011, two individuals in Louisiana died after inhaling infected tap water while using a neti pot.[8][9]
- In July 2012, an 8 year old boy from Sumter, SC died after swimming in Lake Marion (South Carolina).[10]
- In southern part of Pakistan, 8 people died within a week of July 2012.[11]
- In August 2012, Jack Ariola Erenberg, a 9 year old boy from Stillwater, Minnesota, died after swimming in Lily Lake near his home.[12]
- In August 2012, Waylon Abel, 30, of Loogootee IN died after swimming in West Boggs Lake near his home.[13]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fowler M, Carter RF (1965). "Acute pyogenic meningitis probably due to Acanthamoeba sp.: a preliminary report". Br Med J. 2 (5464): 740–2. PMC 1846173. PMID 5825411. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Symmers WC (1969). "Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Britain". Br Med J. 4 (5681): 449–54. doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5681.449. PMC 1630535. PMID 5354833. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Červa L. (5 April 1968). "Ameobic meningoencephalitis: sixteen fatalities". Science. 160 (3823): 92. doi:10.1126/science.160.3823.92. PMID 5642317. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Check date values in:|year= / |date= mismatch(help) - ↑ Gutierrez, Yezid (15). "Chapter 6: Free Living Amebae". Diagnostic Pathology of Parasitic Infections with Clinical Correlations (2 ed.). USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 114–115. ISBN 0-19-512143-0. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=, |year= / |date= mismatch(help) - ↑ "Stillwater girl dies of very rare form of meningitis". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ↑ "Tarrant County resident dies from amoeba infection". Pegasus News. August 31, 2010. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ↑ "Florida teen, Courtney Nash, dies from rare brain parasite". NY Daily News. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ↑ Stobbe, Mike. "Two die of rare brain infection from amoeba in water in neti pot". Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ "Neti Pot Deaths Linked to Brain-Eating Amoeba in Tap Water". Yahoo!. Associated Press. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ "Sumter boy dies of rare brain infection". The State. Text "accessdate 19 July 2012" ignored (help)
- ↑ "8 dies in Karachi due to Naegleria". Retrieved 2012-7-19. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2186295/Jack-Ariola-9-killed-contracting-brain-eating-amoeba-Lily-Lake-Minnesota.html
- ↑ http://washtimesherald.com/local/x620788801/Beach-closed-Autopsy-confirms-rare-parasite