Paragonimus infection: Difference between revisions

	Paragonimus infection Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Paragonimus infection from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Paragonimus infection On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Paragonimus infection All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA onParagonimus infection
CDC on Paragonimus infection
Paragonimus infection in the news
Blogs on Paragonimus infection
Directions to Hospitals Treating Paragonimus infection
Risk calculators and risk factors for Paragonimus infection

← Older edit

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 18:37, 18 September 2017

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Paragonimus westermani.

For patient information click here Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Paragonimiasis; lung fluke infection

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Paragonimus infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Sources

http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Paragonimiasis.htm

Template:WikiDoc Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Paragonimus infection}}
+{{About1|Paragonimus westermani}}
 '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{CMG}}
+{{SK}} Paragonimiasis; lung fluke infection
+==[[Paragonimus infection overview|Overview]]==
-{{CMG}}
+==[[Paragonimus infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-{{SK}} Paragonimiasis
+==[[Paragonimus infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-== Diagnosis ==
+==[[Paragonimus infection causes|Causes]]==
-Diagnosis is based on microscopic demonstration of eggs in stool or sputum, but these are not present until 2 to 3 months after infection.  (Eggs are also occasionally encountered in effusion fluid or biopsy material.)  Concentration techniques may be necessary in patients with light infections.  Biopsy may allow diagnostic confirmation and species identification when an adult or developing fluke is recovered.
-=== History and Symptoms ===
+==[[Paragonimus infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Paragonimus infection from other Diseases]]==
-The acute phase (invasion and migration) may be marked by diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, cough, urticaria, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary abnormalities, and eosinophilia.  During the chronic phase, pulmonary manifestations include cough, expectoration of discolored sputum, hemoptysis, and chest radiographic abnormalities.  Extrapulmonary locations of the adult worms result in more severe manifestations, especially when the brain is involved.
-=== Laboratory Findings ===
+==[[Paragonimus infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-'''''Microscopy:'''''
+==[[Paragonimus infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-[[Image:Paragonimus egg.jpg|left|160px|Egg of Paragonimus westermani]]
-'''A:''' Egg of Paragonimus westermani.  The average egg size is 85 µm by 53 µm (range: 68 to 118 µm by 39 to 67 µm).  They are yellow-brown, ovoidal or elongate, with a thick shell, and often asymmetrical with one end slightly flattened.  At the large end, the operculum is clearly visible.  The opposite (abopercular) end is thickened.  The eggs of P. westermani are excreted unembryonated.
+==[[Paragonimus infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-'''''Antibody Detection'''''
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Paragonimus infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Paragonimus infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Paragonimus infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Paragonimus infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Paragonimus infection CT|CT]] | [[Paragonimus infection MRI|MRI]] | [[Paragonimus infection echocardiography or ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Paragonimus infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Paragonimus infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-Pulmonary paragonimiasis is the most common presentation of patients infected with Paragonimus spp., although extrapulmonary (cerebral, abdominal) paragonimiasis may occur.  Detection of eggs in sputum or feces of patients with paragonimiasis is often very difficult; therefore, serodiagnosis may be very helpful in confirming infections and for monitoring the results of individual chemotherapy.  In the United States, detection of antibodies to Paragonimus westermani has helped physicians differentiate paragonimiasis from tuberculosis in Indochinese immigrants.  The complement fixation (CF) test has been the standard test for paragonimiasis; it is highly sensitive for diagnosis and for assessing cure after therapy.  Because of the technical difficulties of CF, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests were developed as a replacement.  The immunoblot (IB) assay performed with a crude antigen extract of P. westermani has been in use at CDC since 1988.  Positive reactions, based on demonstration of an 8-kDa antigen-antibody band were obtained with serum samples of 96% of patients with parasitologically confirmed P. westermani infection.  Specificity was >99%; of 210 serum specimens from patients with other parasitic and non-parasitic infections, only 1 serum sample from a patient with Schistosoma haematobium reacted.  Antibody levels detected by EIA and IB do decline after chemotherapeutic cure but not as rapidly as those detected by the CF test.  Most published literature deals with pulmonary paragonimiasis due to P. westermani although in some geographic areas other Paragonimus species cause similar or distinct clinical manifestations in human infections.  Cross-reactivity between species does occur but at varying levels for different species.  Thus, use of a test for P. westermani may not allow detection of antibodies to other Paragonimus species.
+==Treatment==
+[[Paragonimus infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Paragonimus infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Paragonimus infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Paragonimus infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-== Treatment ==
+==Case Studies==
-Praziquantel is the drug of choice to treat paragonimiasis.  Bithionol is an alternative drug for treatment of this disease.
+[[Paragonimus infection case study one|Case #1]]
 ==Sources==
-#http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Paragonimiasis.htm
+http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Paragonimiasis.htm
 [[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}