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{{Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome}}
{{Hantavirus infection}}
 
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==Overview==
==Overview==
 
The most potent risk factor in the development of hantavirus infection is exposure to [[rodent]] excreta and close contact with [[hantavirus]]-infected humans.<ref name="pmid23607444">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watson DC, Sargianou M, Papa A, Chra P, Starakis I, Panos G |title=Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview |journal=Crit. Rev. Microbiol. |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=261–72 |year=2014 |pmid=23607444 |doi=10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28561377">{{cite journal| author=Christova I, Panayotova E, Trifonova I, Taseva E, Hristova T, Ivanova V| title=Country-wide seroprevalence studies on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infections in general population of Bulgaria. | journal=J Med Virol | year= 2017 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=28561377 | doi=10.1002/jmv.24868 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28561377  }} </ref>
Little is known about activities that lead to a greater risk of infection. However, an early case-control study suggests that increased numbers of rodents in the household is the strongest risk factor for infection.


== Risk Factors ==
== Risk Factors ==
Entering rarely opened or seasonally closed buildings may also contribute to infection. Among the confirmed cases of HPS for which exposure information is available, 70% of the patients in the case control study had exposures closely associated with peridomestic activities, such as cleaning, in homes that showed signs of rodent infestation. Four clusters of HPS cases involving 2-4 persons have been documented; for each cluster, exposure probably occurred within a shared, enclosed structure. Taken together, these observations suggest that disturbing or inhabiting closed, actively rodent-infested structures may constitute an important risk factor for contracting HPS.  
The most potent risk factor in the development of [[hantavirus]] infection risk factors is exposure to [[rodent]] excreta and close contact with hantavirus-infected humans. Other risk factors include:<ref name="pmid23607444">{{cite journal |vauthors=Watson DC, Sargianou M, Papa A, Chra P, Starakis I, Panos G |title=Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview |journal=Crit. Rev. Microbiol. |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=261–72 |year=2014 |pmid=23607444 |doi=10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28561377">{{cite journal| author=Christova I, Panayotova E, Trifonova I, Taseva E, Hristova T, Ivanova V| title=Country-wide seroprevalence studies on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infections in general population of Bulgaria. | journal=J Med Virol | year= 2017 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=28561377 | doi=10.1002/jmv.24868 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28561377  }} </ref>
 
*Pest control department workers
Potentially occupationally acquired SNV infections have been recognized but are infrequent. Among documented U.S. cases of HPS, patients with potential occupational exposures have included grain farmers, an extension livestock specialist, field biologists, and agricultural, mill, construction, utility and feedlot workers. Many of these individuals had concurrent peridomestic exposures. Among U.S. mammalogists and rodent workers with varying degrees of rodent exposure, the seroprevalence of SNV antibodies was 1.14%. In contrast, a recent HPS seroprevalence study focused on selected occupational groups with frequent contact with rodents and their excreta (e.g., farm workers, laborers, professionals, home repairers, service industry and park service workers, heating and plumbing contractors, utility workers, and technicians) found no evidence of SNV infection.
*Construction workers
 
*Unhygienic environment leading to mice growth
Travel to and within all areas where hantavirus infection has been reported is not considered a risk factor for infection with HPS. The possibility of exposure to hantavirus for campers, hikers, and tourists is very small and is reduced further if steps are taken to reduce rodent contact.
*Unattended dumpsters
*Homeless
*Forest adventures
*Hunting
*Hiking
*Field exposures
*Living in endemic areas
*Camping
*Rural areas
*Spring and Summer
*Cleaning of uninhabited buildings
*Cleaning of the attics
*[[Rodent]] infested environment


== References ==
== References ==


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Latest revision as of 21:57, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of hantavirus infection is exposure to rodent excreta and close contact with hantavirus-infected humans.[1][2]

Risk Factors

The most potent risk factor in the development of hantavirus infection risk factors is exposure to rodent excreta and close contact with hantavirus-infected humans. Other risk factors include:[1][2]

  • Pest control department workers
  • Construction workers
  • Unhygienic environment leading to mice growth
  • Unattended dumpsters
  • Homeless
  • Forest adventures
  • Hunting
  • Hiking
  • Field exposures
  • Living in endemic areas
  • Camping
  • Rural areas
  • Spring and Summer
  • Cleaning of uninhabited buildings
  • Cleaning of the attics
  • Rodent infested environment

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Watson DC, Sargianou M, Papa A, Chra P, Starakis I, Panos G (2014). "Epidemiology of Hantavirus infections in humans: a comprehensive, global overview". Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 40 (3): 261–72. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2013.783555. PMID 23607444.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Christova I, Panayotova E, Trifonova I, Taseva E, Hristova T, Ivanova V (2017). "Country-wide seroprevalence studies on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus infections in general population of Bulgaria". J Med Virol. doi:10.1002/jmv.24868. PMID 28561377.

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