Parotitis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m (Changes made per Mahshid's request)
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Parotitis}}
{{Parotitis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}}


Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]] to learn about editing.
==Overview==
Laboratory findings associated with parotitis will vary depending on the cause. Presence of the [[mumps]] [[virus]], ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', [[HIV]], and [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis|extrapulmonary tuberculosis]], determined by laboratory testing, are indicative of parotitis causation. Additionally, findings for all causes of parotitis include markers for [[inflammation]] as well as elevated [[white blood cell]] counts.
 
==Laboratory Findings==
A parotitis patient should undergo the following laboratory tests to determine the cause:
 
===[[Mumps]]===
*The primary [[mumps]] tests include the following:<ref name="urlwww.cdph.ca.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/AlternativeEtiologiesForParotitisIDWeek2012.pdf |title=www.cdph.ca.gov |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
**[[Real-time polymerase chain reaction]]: used to detect the [[mumps]] [[RNA]] in [[oral]] samples.<ref name="pmid16971175">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krause CH, Eastick K, Ogilvie MM |title=Real-time PCR for mumps diagnosis on clinical specimens--comparison with results of conventional methods of virus detection and nested PCR |journal=J. Clin. Virol. |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=184–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16971175 |doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2006.07.009 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Mumps]] cell culture: obtaining and isolating [[mumps]] [[viral]] culture via an [[oral]] or buccal specimen swab.<ref name="urlMumps | Lab Testing Questions and Answers | CDC">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/lab/qa-lab-test-infect.html |title=Mumps &#124; Lab Testing Questions and Answers &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
**[[Serological]] tests to determine presence of [[IgM]] [[antibodies]] indicative of [[mumps]].
 
===Bacterial parotitis===
*The following tests are performed to determine the presence of ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' as the cause of parotitis:
**[[Oral]] or [[buccal]] swab to obtain the potential specimen.
**[[Gram staining]]: Determining if the bacteria obtained is [[Gram-positive|gram-positive]]<ref name="pmid11475313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beveridge TJ |title=Use of the gram stain in microbiology |journal=Biotech Histochem |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=111–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11475313 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Culturing in [[Mannitol Salt Agar|mannitol salt agar]] to determine if yellow-colored colonies emerge, indicative of [[Staphylococcus aureus|''Staphyloccocus aureus'']]
**[[Polymerase chain reaction|Real-time polymerase chain-reaction]].<ref name="pmid16971175">{{cite journal |vauthors=Krause CH, Eastick K, Ogilvie MM |title=Real-time PCR for mumps diagnosis on clinical specimens--comparison with results of conventional methods of virus detection and nested PCR |journal=J. Clin. Virol. |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=184–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16971175 |doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2006.07.009 |url=}}</ref>
 
===[[HIV]]===
*The following tests are performed to determine [[HIV]]-caused parotitis:
**[[ELISA]]: Used to detect presence of [[antibodies]] and [[antigens]] for [[HIV]].<ref name="urlTesting | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/testing.html |title=Testing &#124; HIV Basics &#124; HIV/AIDS &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
**[[Nucleic acid test]]: Used to detect the presence of [[HIV]] in the blood.
 
===[[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]===
*Parotitis from [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis|extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] can be determined by the following:
**'''Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)''': IGRAS measure immune system reactivity to M. tuberculosis.
***[[White blood cells]] from most people that have been infected with [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|mycobacterium tuberculosis]] will release interferon-gamma (IFN-g) when mixed with [[antigens]] derived from M. tuberculosis.
***High (IFN-g) values in a parotitis patient is indicative of [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis|extrapulmonary tuberculosis]].<ref name="urlCDC | TB | Fact Sheets | Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)">{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/testing/igra.htm |title=CDC &#124; TB &#124; Fact Sheets &#124; Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
===Common Findings===
*White Blood Cell Count
**A [[complete blood count]] test performed on parotitis patients may reveal abnormal [[lymphocyte]] and other [[white blood cell]] counts, lesser or greater than normal.
*Markers for Inflammation
**Parotitis patients may display markers for [[inflammation]], determined by the following tests:
***[[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]]
***[[C-reactive protein]]


==References==
==References==
Line 8: Line 45:
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Glands]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]

Latest revision as of 18:38, 18 September 2017

Parotitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Parotitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT or MRI

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Parotitis laboratory findings On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Parotitis laboratory findings

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Parotitis laboratory findings

CDC on Parotitis laboratory findings

Parotitis laboratory findings in the news

Blogs on Parotitis laboratory findings

Directions to Hospitals Treating Parotitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Parotitis laboratory findings

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Laboratory findings associated with parotitis will vary depending on the cause. Presence of the mumps virus, Staphylococcus aureus, HIV, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, determined by laboratory testing, are indicative of parotitis causation. Additionally, findings for all causes of parotitis include markers for inflammation as well as elevated white blood cell counts.

Laboratory Findings

A parotitis patient should undergo the following laboratory tests to determine the cause:

Mumps

Bacterial parotitis

HIV

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Common Findings

References

  1. ↑ "www.cdph.ca.gov" (PDF).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Krause CH, Eastick K, Ogilvie MM (2006). "Real-time PCR for mumps diagnosis on clinical specimens--comparison with results of conventional methods of virus detection and nested PCR". J. Clin. Virol. 37 (3): 184–9. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2006.07.009. PMID 16971175.
  3. ↑ "Mumps | Lab Testing Questions and Answers | CDC".
  4. ↑ Beveridge TJ (2001). "Use of the gram stain in microbiology". Biotech Histochem. 76 (3): 111–8. PMID 11475313.
  5. ↑ "Testing | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC".
  6. ↑ "CDC | TB | Fact Sheets | Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)".

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Parotitis_laboratory_findings&oldid=1358340"