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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Pelvic inflammatory disease}} | {{Pelvic inflammatory disease}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MehdiP}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
It is difficult to have an accurate estimate of PID [[incidence]] and [[prevalence]] because most of this patients are sub-clinical.<ref name="pmid8172999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grodstein F, Rothman KJ |title=Epidemiology of pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Epidemiology |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=234–42 |year=1994 |pmid=8172999 |doi= |url=}}</ref> PID is the most common reason for hospitalization among women. It is more common among young sexually active woman aged 15-29. | |||
==Epidemiology== | |||
===Incidence=== | |||
* It is estimated that between 750,000 and 1.2 million women are affected by PID each year in the United States.<ref name="pmid27107781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ford GW, Decker CF |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Dis Mon |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=301–5 |year=2016 |pmid=27107781 |doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10711551">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rein DB, Kassler WJ, Irwin KL, Rabiee L |title=Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=397–402 |year=2000 |pmid=10711551 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Incidence]] and prevalence are decreasing since 1985 because of widespread [[chlamydia]] screening and treatment.<ref name="pmid20494242">{{cite journal |vauthors=Owusu-Edusei K, Bohm MK, Chesson HW, Kent CK |title=Chlamydia screening and pelvic inflammatory disease: Insights from exploratory time-series analyses |journal=Am J Prev Med |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=652–7 |year=2010 |pmid=20494242 |doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2010.02.008 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*PID is the most common gynecologic reason for hospital admission in the United States, accounting for 18 per 10,000 recorded hospital discharges.<ref name="pmid22534388">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gradison M |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=85 |issue=8 |pages=791–6 |year=2012 |pmid=22534388 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16314776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sutton MY, Sternberg M, Zaidi A, St Louis ME, Markowitz LE |title=Trends in pelvic inflammatory disease hospital discharges and ambulatory visits, United States, 1985-2001 |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=778–84 |year=2005 |pmid=16314776 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* Approximately 50,000 women become [[infertile]] in the US each year as a consequence of PID. | |||
* [[gonorrhea|N. gonorrhoea]] is isolated in only 40-60% of women with [[Salpingitis|acute salpingitis]].<ref name="isbn0-8385-1401-4">{{cite book |author=Lauren Nathan; DeCherney, Alan H.; Pernoll, Martin L. |title=Current obstetric & gynecologic diagnosis & treatment |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |location=New York|year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-8385-1401-4 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> [[chlamydia|C. trachomatis]] was estimated to be the cause in about 60% of cases of [[salpingitis]], which may lead to PID. | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:PID stats.gif|Pelvic Inflammatory Disease—Hospitalizations of Women Aged 15–44 Years, United States, 2001–2010 | |||
'''SOURCE:''' 2010 National Hospital Discharge Survey [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. | |||
Image:PID stats1.gif|Pelvic Inflammatory Disease—Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices by Women Aged 15–44 Years, United States, 2002–2011 | |||
== | </gallery> | ||
Graphs adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/ | |||
==Demographics== | |||
===Age=== | |||
PID is a common disease that tends to affect young women between the ages of 15 and 29 years.<ref name="pmid27107781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ford GW, Decker CF |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Dis Mon |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=301–5 |year=2016 |pmid=27107781 |doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Race=== | |||
In the United States, African-American or Black-Caribbean ethnicity has been associated with a higher risk of PID.<ref name="pmid23588132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Leichliter JS, Chandra A, Aral SO |title=Correlates of self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease treatment in sexually experienced reproductive-aged women in the United States, 1995 and 2006-2010 |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=413–8 |year=2013 |pmid=23588132 |doi=10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318285ce46 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Emergency mdicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:37, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
It is difficult to have an accurate estimate of PID incidence and prevalence because most of this patients are sub-clinical.[1] PID is the most common reason for hospitalization among women. It is more common among young sexually active woman aged 15-29.
Epidemiology
Incidence
- It is estimated that between 750,000 and 1.2 million women are affected by PID each year in the United States.[2][3]
- Incidence and prevalence are decreasing since 1985 because of widespread chlamydia screening and treatment.[4]
- PID is the most common gynecologic reason for hospital admission in the United States, accounting for 18 per 10,000 recorded hospital discharges.[5][6]
- Approximately 50,000 women become infertile in the US each year as a consequence of PID.
- N. gonorrhoea is isolated in only 40-60% of women with acute salpingitis.[7] C. trachomatis was estimated to be the cause in about 60% of cases of salpingitis, which may lead to PID.
-
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease—Hospitalizations of Women Aged 15–44 Years, United States, 2001–2010 -
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease—Initial Visits to Physicians’ Offices by Women Aged 15–44 Years, United States, 2002–2011
Graphs adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/
Demographics
Age
PID is a common disease that tends to affect young women between the ages of 15 and 29 years.[2]
Race
In the United States, African-American or Black-Caribbean ethnicity has been associated with a higher risk of PID.[8]
References
- ↑ Grodstein F, Rothman KJ (1994). "Epidemiology of pelvic inflammatory disease". Epidemiology. 5 (2): 234–42. PMID 8172999.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ford GW, Decker CF (2016). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Dis Mon. 62 (8): 301–5. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015. PMID 27107781.
- ↑ Rein DB, Kassler WJ, Irwin KL, Rabiee L (2000). "Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial". Obstet Gynecol. 95 (3): 397–402. PMID 10711551.
- ↑ Owusu-Edusei K, Bohm MK, Chesson HW, Kent CK (2010). "Chlamydia screening and pelvic inflammatory disease: Insights from exploratory time-series analyses". Am J Prev Med. 38 (6): 652–7. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.02.008. PMID 20494242.
- ↑ Gradison M (2012). "Pelvic inflammatory disease". Am Fam Physician. 85 (8): 791–6. PMID 22534388.
- ↑ Sutton MY, Sternberg M, Zaidi A, St Louis ME, Markowitz LE (2005). "Trends in pelvic inflammatory disease hospital discharges and ambulatory visits, United States, 1985-2001". Sex Transm Dis. 32 (12): 778–84. PMID 16314776.
- ↑ Lauren Nathan; DeCherney, Alan H.; Pernoll, Martin L. (2003). Current obstetric & gynecologic diagnosis & treatment. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-1401-4.
- ↑ Leichliter JS, Chandra A, Aral SO (2013). "Correlates of self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease treatment in sexually experienced reproductive-aged women in the United States, 1995 and 2006-2010". Sex Transm Dis. 40 (5): 413–8. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318285ce46. PMID 23588132.