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==Overview==
==Overview==
It infected the armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Slonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I<ref name="Justina">{{cite book|title=Silent Enemies: The Story of the Diseases of War and Their Control|author=Justina Hamilton Hill|date=1942|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons}}</ref><ref name="Hagan">{{cite book|title=Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals|author=Francis Timoney, William Arthur Hagan|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=1973}}</ref> (including J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="Tolkien">{{cite book|title=Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth|author=John Garth|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2003}}</ref>) and the German army in Russia during World War II.<ref name="Hagan"/> From 1915-1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill were caused by Trench Fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.<ref name="Justina"/> The disease persists among the homeless.<ref>Milonakis, Eleftherios, and Michael A. Forgione. "Trench Fever." EMedicine. 26 June 2006. 11 June 2007 <http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2303.htm>.</ref>  Outbreaks have been documented, for example, in Seattle, Washington and Baltimore, Maryland in the United States among injection drug users and in Marseille, France and Burundi.
It infected the armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Slonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I<ref name="Justina">{{cite book|title=Silent Enemies: The Story of the Diseases of War and Their Control|author=Justina Hamilton Hill|date=1942|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons}}</ref><ref name="Hagan">{{cite book|title=Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals|author=Francis Timoney, William Arthur Hagan|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=1973}}</ref> (including J.R.R. Tolkien<ref name="Tolkien">{{cite book|title=Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth|author=John Garth|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2003}}</ref>) and the German army in Russia during World War II.<ref name="Hagan"/> From 1915-1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill were caused by Trench Fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.<ref name="Justina"/>
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
<references/>
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Latest revision as of 19:00, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

It infected the armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Slonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt in World War I[1][2] (including J.R.R. Tolkien[3]) and the German army in Russia during World War II.[2] From 1915-1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill were caused by Trench Fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease.[1]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Justina Hamilton Hill (1942). Silent Enemies: The Story of the Diseases of War and Their Control. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Francis Timoney, William Arthur Hagan (1973). Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. Cornell University Press.
  3. John Garth (2003). Tolkien and the Great War: The Threshold of Middle-earth. HarperCollins Publishers.

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