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==Historical Perspective==
==Overview==


Although records from antiquity (5th century BCE) contain clinical descriptions of tetanus, it was Carle and Rattone in 1884 who first produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with [[pus]] from a fatal human tetanus case. During the same year, Nicolaier produced tetanus in animals by injecting them with samples of soil. In 1889, Kitasato isolated the [[organism]] from a human victim, showed that it produced [[disease]] when injected into animals, and reported that the toxin could be neutralized by specific [[antibodies]]. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated the protective effect of passively transferred [[antitoxin]], and [[passive immunization]] in humans was used for treatment and [[prophylaxis]] during World War I. Tetanus [[toxoid]] was developed by Descombey in 1924. It was first widely used during World War II.
In 1884 Carle and Rattone discovered tetanus by injecting animals with [[pus]] from a patient who had died of neuromuscular spasticity. In 1924, Descombey developed the tetanus [[toxoid]], which was extensively utilized in the second world war.


===Famous tetanus victims===
==Historical Perspective==
* [[George Montagu]] - English ornithologist; contracted tetanus when he stepped on a nail.
In 1884 Carle and Rattone discovered tetanus by injecting animals with [[pus]] from a patient who had died of tetanus. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated that passive transformation of [[antitoxin]] had a protective effect. Kitasato found the [[organism]] in a human suffering from tetanus in 1889 and hypothesized that  the disease  may be reproduced when animals are injected with it. He also proposed the concept of utilization of [[antibodies]] to neutralize the toxin. [[Passive immunization]] was used for the first time in humans to treat and provide [[prophylaxis]] for tetanus during the first world war. In 1924 Descombey first developed the tetanus [[toxoid]],  which was extensively utilized in the second world war. In the same year, Nicolaier used samples of soil produced to produce tetanus by injecting animals.
* Joe Powell - English footballer; contracted following [[amputation]] of a badly broken arm.
* John A. Roebling - Civil Engineer and Architect famous for his bridge designs, particularly the Brooklyn Bridge; contracted following amputation of his foot due to an injury caused by a ferry when it crashed into a wharf.
* George Crockett Strong - Union brigadier general in the American Civil War; from wounds sustained in the assault against Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina.  
* Fred Thomson - silent film actor; stepped on a nail.
* Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly; wounded by a cannon ball in the Battle of Rain.
* Traveller - General Robert E. Lee's favorite horse; stepped on a nail.
* John Thoreau; brother of Henry David Thoreau


===Famous Tetanus Victims===
* [[George Montagu]]  who was an expert on birds got tetanus after stepping on a nail.
* Joe Powell who was a soccer player got tetanus after undergoing a broken arm [[amputation]].
* Fred Thomson who was a silent film actor, also got tetanus after stepping on a nail.
* John A. Roebling who was a civil engineer and an architect and was known for his designing of bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, got tetanus after a foot amputation as result of a crash of a ferry.
* Henry David Thoreau's brother, John Thoreau also had tetanus.
* Traveller that was the favorite horse of General Robert E. Lee also acquired tetanus after stepping on a nail.
* George Crockett Strong who was during the American Civil War, was a union brigadier general, got tetanus from wounds acquired as result of the assault against Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina.
* Johann Tserclaes who was injured in the Battle of Rain by a cannon ball also acquired tetanus from this injury.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]

Latest revision as of 00:24, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2]

Overview

In 1884 Carle and Rattone discovered tetanus by injecting animals with pus from a patient who had died of neuromuscular spasticity. In 1924, Descombey developed the tetanus toxoid, which was extensively utilized in the second world war.

Historical Perspective

In 1884 Carle and Rattone discovered tetanus by injecting animals with pus from a patient who had died of tetanus. In 1897, Nocard demonstrated that passive transformation of antitoxin had a protective effect. Kitasato found the organism in a human suffering from tetanus in 1889 and hypothesized that the disease may be reproduced when animals are injected with it. He also proposed the concept of utilization of antibodies to neutralize the toxin. Passive immunization was used for the first time in humans to treat and provide prophylaxis for tetanus during the first world war. In 1924 Descombey first developed the tetanus toxoid, which was extensively utilized in the second world war. In the same year, Nicolaier used samples of soil produced to produce tetanus by injecting animals.

Famous Tetanus Victims

  • George Montagu who was an expert on birds got tetanus after stepping on a nail.
  • Joe Powell who was a soccer player got tetanus after undergoing a broken arm amputation.
  • Fred Thomson who was a silent film actor, also got tetanus after stepping on a nail.
  • John A. Roebling who was a civil engineer and an architect and was known for his designing of bridges, in particular the Brooklyn Bridge, got tetanus after a foot amputation as result of a crash of a ferry.
  • Henry David Thoreau's brother, John Thoreau also had tetanus.
  • Traveller that was the favorite horse of General Robert E. Lee also acquired tetanus after stepping on a nail.
  • George Crockett Strong who was during the American Civil War, was a union brigadier general, got tetanus from wounds acquired as result of the assault against Fort Wagner on Morris Island, South Carolina.
  • Johann Tserclaes who was injured in the Battle of Rain by a cannon ball also acquired tetanus from this injury.

References

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