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{{Botulism}}
{{Botulism}}
{{CMG}}
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==Overview==
Botulism symptoms may range from mild to severe in some cases. Common symptoms include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[Diarrhea|diarrhe]]<nowiki/>a and [[dysphagia]]. Adults commonly complain of  [[Diplopia|double vision]], [[blurred vision]] and [[Dysarthria|slurred speech]]. Infants may present with [[constipation]] or generalized [[weakness]] or [[hypotonia]]. The most serious symptom in adults and in children is complete [[flaccid paralysis]] with [[Respiratory failure|respiratory muscle paralysis]]. In infants, this condition is commonly referred to as "[[floppy baby syndrome]]". 
==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
===Food-borne and Wound Botulism===
Botulism patients often present with rapidly progressive neuromuscular malfunction. Patients commonly have a  history of [[diarrhea]], [[Nausea|nausea,]] [[vomiting]] and [[Dysphagia|difficulty in swallowing]]. Clinicians may illicit a history of consumption of fermented foods (particularly fish) in adults and consumption of honey in children.  
* Classic symptoms of food-borne botulism usually occur between 12–36 hours after consuming the [[botulinum toxin]]. However, they can occur as early as 6 hours or as late as 10 days after.  
{| class="wikitable"
* Wound botulism has a longer incubation period, usually between 4–14 days.
!
* Common symptoms of either form usually include  
!Adult botulism
** [[Dry mouth]]
!Infant botulism
** [[Difficulty swallowing]]
|-
** [[Slurred speech]]
|Most common symptoms
** [[Ptosis|Drooping eyelids]]
|Adult botulism includes both the foodborne and the wound botulism. The most common symptoms of botulism include the following:<ref name="Botulism">CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/symptoms.html Accessed on May 19, 2017 </ref>
** [[Muscle weakness]]
*[[Diplopia|Double vision]]
** Double and/or [[blurred vision]]
*[[Blurred vision]]
** [[Vomiting]]
*Drooping eyelids ([[Ptosis]])
** Blatter
*S[[Slurred speech|lurred speech]]
** Sometimes [[diarrhea]]
*[[Dysphagia|Difficulty swallowing]]
** These [[symptoms]] may progress to cause [[paralytic ileus]] with severe [[constipation]], and eventually body [[paralysis]]. The respiratory muscles are affected as well, which may cause death due to respiratory failure. These are all symptoms of the muscle paralysis caused by the bacterial toxin.
*[[Xerostomia|Dry mouth]]
In all cases illness is caused by the toxin made by ''C. botulinum,'' not by the bacterium itself. The pattern of damage occurs because the toxin affects nerves that are firing more often.<ref>Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 4th Ed., Section 7.55</ref>
*[[Muscle weakness]]
===Infant Botulism===
*History of intravenous drug abuse (wound botulism)
Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating [[endospore|spore]]s in the gut of an infant. Symptoms includes
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
 
|Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating [[endospore|spore]]s in the gut of an infant. Symptoms include:
* [[Constipation]]
* [[Constipation]]
* Generalized [[weakness]]
* Generalized [[weakness]]
* Loss of head control and difficulty feeding.
* Loss of head control  
* Like the other forms of botulism, the symptoms are caused by the absorption of botulinum toxin, and typically progress to a symmetric descending [[flaccid paralysis]]. Death is the eventual outcome unless the infant receives [[artificial ventilation]].
* Symmetric descending [[flaccid paralysis]]. Death is the eventual outcome unless the infant receives [[artificial ventilation]].
|-
|Less common symptoms
|[[Diarrhea]]
|
*Weak cry
*[[Feeding difficulties]]
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Neonatology]]
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
[[Category:Biological weapons]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
[[Category:Poultry diseases]]
[[Category:Zoonoses]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]


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Latest revision as of 15:16, 24 May 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.

Overview

Botulism symptoms may range from mild to severe in some cases. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dysphagia. Adults commonly complain of double vision, blurred vision and slurred speech. Infants may present with constipation or generalized weakness or hypotonia. The most serious symptom in adults and in children is complete flaccid paralysis with respiratory muscle paralysis. In infants, this condition is commonly referred to as "floppy baby syndrome".

History and Symptoms

Botulism patients often present with rapidly progressive neuromuscular malfunction. Patients commonly have a history of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and difficulty in swallowing. Clinicians may illicit a history of consumption of fermented foods (particularly fish) in adults and consumption of honey in children.

Adult botulism Infant botulism
Most common symptoms Adult botulism includes both the foodborne and the wound botulism. The most common symptoms of botulism include the following:[1] Infants less than 12 months of age are susceptible, with 95% of cases occurring between the ages of 3 weeks and 6 months of age at presentation. The mode of action of this form is through colonization by germinating spores in the gut of an infant. Symptoms include:
Less common symptoms Diarrhea

References

  1. CDC https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/symptoms.html Accessed on May 19, 2017


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