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{{Tuberculosis}}
{{Tuberculosis}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Mashal Awais}}; {{AL}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Tuberculosis, or TB is a bacterial infection that kills 3 million people worldwide, more people than any other infection in the world. Approximately
MRI is indicated for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary [[tuberculosis]], such as [[Tuberculous meningitis|CNS tuberculosis]], [[parotid gland]] tuberculosis [[Osteoarticular pain|osteoarticular]] [[tuberculosis]], and [[Pott's disease]].
one-third of the world is infected, and 15 million people in the US. Active tuberculosis kills 60% of the time if not treated, but treatment cures 90% of patients. Most people are infected with TB have latent TB. This means that the bacteria is controlled by the body's immune system. People with latent TB do not have symptoms and cannot transmit TB to other people. However, later if the infected person has a weakened immune system (AIDS, young children, elderly, sick with other diseases, etc.), the bacteria can break out leading to active TB, or TB disease.
 
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==MRI==
====CNS Tuberculosis====
 
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] is often ordered in case of [[CNS infection]] with [[tuberculosis]].
*The following findings may be seen in CNS tuberculosis:<ref name="BurrillWilliams2007">{{cite journal|last1=Burrill|first1=Joshua|last2=Williams|first2=Christopher J.|last3=Bain|first3=Gillian|last4=Conder|first4=Gabriel|last5=Hine|first5=Andrew L.|last6=Misra|first6=Rakesh R.|title=Tuberculosis: A Radiologic Review1|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=27|issue=5|year=2007|pages=1255–1273|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.275065176}}</ref>
 
:*Ring-enhancing mass in T2 and hypodense lesion in case of a non-caseating [[tuberculoma]].
:*A [[caseating]] [[Tuberculosis|tuberculoma]] can show a hypodense lesion in both T1 and T2.
:*Cerebral edema
:*Diffuse enhancement in case of meningitis
 
{|
|[[Image: Tuberculoma CNS.jpg|thumb|300px|left|CNS Tuberculoma<br>Image courtesy of Dr Praveen Jha, [http://www.Radiopaedia.org Radiopedia]. (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/tuberculoma here)] [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]]]
|[[Image: Tuberculoma CNS 2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|CNS Tuberculoma<br>Image courtesy of Dr Praveen Jha, [http://www.Radiopaedia.org Radiopedia]. (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/tuberculoma here)] [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]]]
|}
 
====Pott's Disease====
 
*[[Spinal Arthritis|Spinal]] [[MRI]] is the imaging test of choice in case of [[tuberculosis]] involving [[spine]].
*Findings include: <ref name="pmid24887691">{{cite journal| author=Torres C, Riascos R, Figueroa R, Gupta RK| title=Central nervous system tuberculosis. | journal=Top Magn Reson Imaging | year= 2014 | volume= 23 | issue= 3 | pages= 173-89 | pmid=24887691 | doi=10.1097/RMR.0000000000000023 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24887691  }} </ref>
 
:*[[Endplates|Endplate]] irregularity
:*Irregular anterior aspect of the [[vertebral bodies]]
:*[[Edema]] and [[enhancement]] of the bone marrow
:*Destruction of the [[Body of vertebra|vertebral body]] in severe cases
 
{|
|[[Image: Spinal TB MRI.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Spinal Tuberculosis<br>Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, [http://www.Radiopaedia.org Radiopedia]. (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pott-s-disease here)] [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]]]
|[[Image: Spinal TB MRI 2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Spinal Tuberculosis<br>Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, [http://www.Radiopaedia.org Radiopedia]. (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pott-s-disease here)] [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]]]
|[[Image: Spinal TB MRI 3.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Spinal Tuberculosis<br>Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, [http://www.Radiopaedia.org Radiopedia]. (original file [http://radiopaedia.org/cases/pott-s-disease here)] [http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC]]]
|}
 
====Osteoarticular Tuberculosis====
 
*Abnormal findings on [[MRI]] in [[Osteoarticular pain|osteoarticular]] [[tuberculosis]] include:<ref name="pmid25163241">{{cite journal| author=Grubisić F, Borić I, Segota A, Kruslin B, Grazio S| title=An unusual manifestation of osteoarticular tuberculosis: case report. | journal=Acta Clin Croat | year= 2014 | volume= 53 | issue= 2 | pages= 237-41 | pmid=25163241 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25163241  }} </ref>
 
:*[[Demineralization]]
 
:*Joint space narrowing
 
:*[[Bone]] and [[cartilage]] erosion
 
:*[[Calcifications]]
 
====Parotid Gland Tuberculosis====
 
*[[Tuberculosis]] [[infection]] of the [[parotid gland]] may resemble a [[Parotid gland|parotid]] [[neoplasm.]]
*The [[MRI]] shown below reveals a well-defined [[mass]] lesion, measuring 16 × 21 × 30 mm in size, [[hypointense]] on T1-weighted images, and [[hyperintense]] on T2-weighted images with homogenous contrast enhancement, present in the posterior part of the superficial lobe of the right [[parotid gland]].<ref name="BirkentKarahatay2008">{{cite journal|last1=Birkent|first1=Hakan|last2=Karahatay|first2=Serdar|last3=Akcam|first3=Timur|last4=Durmaz|first4=Abdullah|last5=Ongoru|first5=Onder|title=Primary parotid tuberculosis mimicking parotid neoplasm: a case report|journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports|volume=2|issue=1|year=2008|pages=62|issn=1752-1947|doi=10.1186/1752-1947-2-62}}</ref>
 
{|
|[[Image:Parotid-gland-tuberculosis.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.]]
|}
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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Latest revision as of 23:43, 26 March 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mashal Awais, M.D.[2]; Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [3]

Overview

MRI is indicated for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, such as CNS tuberculosis, parotid gland tuberculosis osteoarticular tuberculosis, and Pott's disease.

MRI

CNS Tuberculosis

  • Ring-enhancing mass in T2 and hypodense lesion in case of a non-caseating tuberculoma.
  • A caseating tuberculoma can show a hypodense lesion in both T1 and T2.
  • Cerebral edema
  • Diffuse enhancement in case of meningitis
CNS Tuberculoma
Image courtesy of Dr Praveen Jha, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
CNS Tuberculoma
Image courtesy of Dr Praveen Jha, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

Pott's Disease

Spinal Tuberculosis
Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
Spinal Tuberculosis
Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
Spinal Tuberculosis
Image courtesy of Dr Hani Salam, Radiopedia. (original file here) Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

Osteoarticular Tuberculosis

  • Joint space narrowing

Parotid Gland Tuberculosis

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

References

  1. ↑ Burrill, Joshua; Williams, Christopher J.; Bain, Gillian; Conder, Gabriel; Hine, Andrew L.; Misra, Rakesh R. (2007). "Tuberculosis: A Radiologic Review1". RadioGraphics. 27 (5): 1255–1273. doi:10.1148/rg.275065176. ISSN 0271-5333.
  2. ↑ Torres C, Riascos R, Figueroa R, Gupta RK (2014). "Central nervous system tuberculosis". Top Magn Reson Imaging. 23 (3): 173–89. doi:10.1097/RMR.0000000000000023. PMID 24887691.
  3. ↑ Grubisić F, Borić I, Segota A, Kruslin B, Grazio S (2014). "An unusual manifestation of osteoarticular tuberculosis: case report". Acta Clin Croat. 53 (2): 237–41. PMID 25163241.
  4. ↑ Birkent, Hakan; Karahatay, Serdar; Akcam, Timur; Durmaz, Abdullah; Ongoru, Onder (2008). "Primary parotid tuberculosis mimicking parotid neoplasm: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2 (1): 62. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-62. ISSN 1752-1947.

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