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Tachycardias can be classified in a variety of ways. One form of classification is whether it is a wide-complex tachycardia, or whether it is a narrow-complex tachycardia. Another way of classifying tachycardia is whether the rhythm is regular or whether it is irregular. Tachycardia can also be distinguished by type; whether is is a sinus tachycardia, a [[ventricular tachycardia]], a [[supraventricular tachycardia]], or [[atrial fibrillation]].
Tachycardias can be classified in a variety of ways. One form of classification is whether it is a wide-complex tachycardia, or whether it is a narrow-complex tachycardia. Another way of classifying tachycardia is whether the rhythm is regular or whether it is irregular. Tachycardia can also be distinguished by type; whether is is a sinus tachycardia, a [[ventricular tachycardia]], a [[supraventricular tachycardia]], or [[atrial fibrillation]].
==Classification==
==Classification==
The 12 lead [[electrocardiogram|ECG]] can help distinguish between the various types of tachycardias, generally distinguished by their site of [[pacemaker]] origin:
===Origin of the Pacemaker===
*[[Sinus tachycardia]], which originates from the [[SA node|sinoatrial (SA) node]], near the base of the [[superior vena cava]].
{{familytree/start |summary=Tachycardia}}
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]], any tachycardia which originates in the [[ventricles]].
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01=Tachycardia}}
*[[Supraventricular tachycardia]] (SVT), which is a tachycardia paced from the [[atria]] or the [[AV node]]. SVT rhythms include:
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | }}
**[[Atrial fibrillation]]
{{familytree | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | B01= '''[[SVT|Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)]]'''| B02= '''[[Wide complex tachycardia]]''' }}
**[[AVNRT]] or [[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
{{familytree | | | |,|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | }}
**[[AVRT]] or [[AV reentrant tachycardia]]
{{familytree | | | C01 | | | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C06 | | C01= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria'''| C02= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>AV junction'''| C03='''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria or AV junction''' | C04= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>AV junction'''| C05= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Atria, AV junction or ventricles<br><br> Presence of an [[accessory pathway]]'''| C06= '''<u>The origin of the impulse:</u><br>Pacemaker'''}}
**[[Junctional tachycardia]]
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | }}
{{familytree | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | D04 | | D05 | | D06 | | D07 | D01= [[Atrial fibrillation]] <br> [[Atrial flutter]] <br> [[Ectopic Atrial Rhythm|Ectopic atrial rhythm]] <br> [[Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)|Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)]] <br> [[Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia (PAT) with Block|Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block]] <br> [[Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs)|Premature atrial contractions (PAC)]] <br> [[Sinus Tachycardia|Sinus tachycardia]] <br> [[Wandering atrial pacemaker]]<br> [[Sick sinus syndrome]]| D02= [[AVNRT]] <br><br> [[AVRT]] ([[accessory pathway]]):<br>- [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome|Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)]]<br>- [[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome|Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)]]|D03=[[Accelerated junctional rhythm]]| D04= '''[[Wide complex tachycardias|SVTAC]]'''<br>'''([[Wide complex tachycardias|SVT with aberrant conduction]]):<br><br>'''[[Left Bundle Branch Block|Left bundle branch block]] <br> [[LAHB|Left anterior hemi-block]] <br> [[Left posterior fascicular block electrocardiogram|Lefo posterior hemi-block]] <br> [[Right Bundle Branch Block|Right bundle branch block]] <br> [[Trifascicular block]]| D05= [[Ventricular tachycardia]] <br> [[Ventricular fibrillation electrocardiogram|Ventricular fibrillation]] <br> [[Ventricular Parasystole|Ventricular parasystole]] | D06= [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome|Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)]]<br>[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome|Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)]]| D07= [[Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia]] <br> [[Runaway pacemaker syndrome]]<br> [[Sensor induced tachycardia]]}}
{{familytree/end}}


It is sometimes useful to classify tachycardias as either narrow complex tachycardias (often referred to as [[supraventricular tachycardia]]s) or [[wide complex tachycardia]]s. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the [[QRS complex]] on the [[ECG]]. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the [[atria]], while [[wide complex tachycardia]]s tend to originate in the [[ventricle]]s. Tachycardias can be further classified as either regular or irregular.
====Atrial Rhythms====
*[[Atrial fibrillation|Atrial fibrillation (Afib)]]
*[[Atrial flutter]]
*[[Multifocal atrial tachycardia]]
*[[Premature atrial contraction|Premature atrial contractions (PACs)]]
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
*[[Sinus tachycardia]]
*[[Supraventricular tachycardia|Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)]]
*[[Wandering pacemaker|Wandering atrial pacemaker]]
 
====Atrial Ventricular Arrhythmias====
*[[AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
*[[AV reentrant tachycardia]]
**[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
**[[Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome]]
 
====Junctional Arrhythmias====
*[[Junctional rhythm]]
*[[Junctional tachycardia]]
* Premature junctional complex
 
====Ventricular Rhythms====
*[[Accelerated idioventricular rhythm]]
*[[Premature ventricular contraction|Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)]]
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
**[[Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
 
===QRS Morphology===
It is sometimes useful to classify tachycardias as either narrow complex tachycardias (often referred to as [[supraventricular tachycardia]]s) or [[wide complex tachycardia]]s. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the [[QRS complex]] on the [[ECG]]. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the [[atria]], while [[wide complex tachycardia]]s tend to originate in the [[ventricle]]s.
 
===Rhythm Regularity===
Tachycardias can be further classified as either regular or irregular.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]


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Latest revision as of 18:25, 15 June 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]

Overview

Tachycardias can be classified in a variety of ways. One form of classification is whether it is a wide-complex tachycardia, or whether it is a narrow-complex tachycardia. Another way of classifying tachycardia is whether the rhythm is regular or whether it is irregular. Tachycardia can also be distinguished by type; whether is is a sinus tachycardia, a ventricular tachycardia, a supraventricular tachycardia, or atrial fibrillation.

Classification

Origin of the Pacemaker

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tachycardia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Narrow complex tachycardia (SVT)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wide complex tachycardia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria
 
 
 
The origin of the impulse:
AV junction
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria or AV junction
 
The origin of the impulse:
AV junction
 
The origin of the impulse:
Atria, AV junction or ventricles

Presence of an accessory pathway
 
The origin of the impulse:
Pacemaker
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Ectopic atrial rhythm
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) with block
Premature atrial contractions (PAC)
Sinus tachycardia
Wandering atrial pacemaker
Sick sinus syndrome
 
AVNRT

AVRT (accessory pathway):
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
- Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)
 
Accelerated junctional rhythm
 
SVTAC
(SVT with aberrant conduction):

Left bundle branch block
Left anterior hemi-block
Lefo posterior hemi-block
Right bundle branch block
Trifascicular block
 
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular parasystole
 
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome (LGL)
 
Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia
Runaway pacemaker syndrome
Sensor induced tachycardia

Atrial Rhythms

Atrial Ventricular Arrhythmias

Junctional Arrhythmias

Ventricular Rhythms

QRS Morphology

It is sometimes useful to classify tachycardias as either narrow complex tachycardias (often referred to as supraventricular tachycardias) or wide complex tachycardias. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the QRS complex on the ECG. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the atria, while wide complex tachycardias tend to originate in the ventricles.

Rhythm Regularity

Tachycardias can be further classified as either regular or irregular.

References

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