Hemothorax (patient information): Difference between revisions
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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hemothorax|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hemothorax|here]]''' | ||
{{Hemothorax (patient information)}} | {{Hemothorax (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] {{AG}}, [[User:Irfan Dotani|Irfan Dotani]] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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==What are the symptoms of Hemothorax?== | ==What are the symptoms of Hemothorax?== | ||
*[[Anxiety]] | *[[Anxiety]] | ||
*[[Chest pain]] | *[[Chest pain]] | ||
*Low [[blood pressure]] | *Low [[blood pressure]] | ||
*Pale, cool and clammy skin | *Pale, cool and clammy skin | ||
*Rapid [[heart rate]] | *Rapid [[heart rate]] | ||
*Rapid, shallow breathing | *Rapid, shallow breathing | ||
*Restlessness | *Restlessness | ||
*[[dyspnea|Shortness of breath]] | *[[dyspnea|Shortness of breath]] | ||
==What causes Hemothorax?== | ==What causes Hemothorax?== | ||
The most common cause of hemothorax is chest trauma. It can also occur in patients who have: | The most common cause of hemothorax is chest trauma. It can also occur in patients who have: | ||
*A defect of [[blood clot]]ting | *A defect of [[blood clot]]ting | ||
*Death of lung [[tissue]] ([[pulmonary infarction]]) | *Death of lung [[tissue]] ([[pulmonary infarction]]) | ||
*Lung or [[pleural]] [[cancer]] | *Lung or [[pleural]] [[cancer]] | ||
*Placement of a [[central venous catheter]] | *Placement of a [[central venous catheter]] | ||
*[[Thoracic]] or [[heart surgery]] | *[[Thoracic]] or [[heart surgery]] | ||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | *[[Tuberculosis]] | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
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*Any serious injury to the chest. | *Any serious injury to the chest. | ||
*[[Chest pain]] or [[dyspnea|shortness of breath]] | *[[Chest pain]] or [[dyspnea|shortness of breath]] | ||
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: | Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have: | ||
*[[Dizziness]], fever, or a feeling of heaviness in your chest | *[[Dizziness]], fever, or a feeling of heaviness in your chest | ||
*Severe [[chest pain]] | *Severe [[chest pain]] | ||
*Severe difficulty breathing | *Severe difficulty breathing | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Your doctor may note decreased or absent [[breath sounds]] on the affected side. Signs of hemothorax may be seen on the following tests: | Your doctor may note decreased or absent [[breath sounds]] on the affected side. Signs of hemothorax may be seen on the following tests: | ||
*Chest x-ray | *Chest x-ray | ||
*[[CT scan]] | *[[CT scan]] | ||
*[[Pleural fluid]] analysis | *[[Pleural fluid]] analysis | ||
*[[Thoracentesis]] | *[[Thoracentesis]] | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
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==Possible complications== | ==Possible complications== | ||
*Collapsed lung, leading to [[respiratory failure]] | *Collapsed lung, leading to [[respiratory failure]] | ||
*Death | *Death | ||
*[[Empyema]] | *[[Empyema]] | ||
*[[Fibrosis]] or scarring of the [[pleural]] membranes | *[[Fibrosis]] or scarring of the [[pleural]] membranes | ||
*[[Pneumothorax]] | *[[Pneumothorax]] | ||
*[[Shock]] | *[[Shock]] | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
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[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:07, 24 April 2018
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
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Hemothorax |
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Hemothorax On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2] Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3], Irfan Dotani
Overview
Hemothorax is a collection of blood in the space between the chest wall and the lung (the pleural cavity).
What are the symptoms of Hemothorax?
- Anxiety
- Chest pain
- Low blood pressure
- Pale, cool and clammy skin
- Rapid heart rate
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Restlessness
- Shortness of breath
What causes Hemothorax?
The most common cause of hemothorax is chest trauma. It can also occur in patients who have:
- A defect of blood clotting
- Death of lung tissue (pulmonary infarction)
- Lung or pleural cancer
- Placement of a central venous catheter
- Thoracic or heart surgery
- Tuberculosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call 911 if you have:
- Any serious injury to the chest.
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have:
- Dizziness, fever, or a feeling of heaviness in your chest
- Severe chest pain
- Severe difficulty breathing
Diagnosis
Your doctor may note decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side. Signs of hemothorax may be seen on the following tests:
- Chest x-ray
- CT scan
- Pleural fluid analysis
- Thoracentesis
Treatment options
The goal of treatment is to get the patient stable, stop the bleeding, and remove the blood and air in the pleural space. A chest tube is inserted through the chest wall to drain the blood and air. It is left in place for several days to re-expand the lung. When a hemothorax is severe and a chest tube alone does not control the bleeding, surgery (thoracotomy) may be needed to stop the bleeding. The cause of the hemothorax should be also treated. In people who have had an injury, chest tube drainage is often all that is needed. Surgery is often not needed.
Where to find medical care for Hemothorax?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hemothorax
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
The outcome depends on the cause of the hemothorax and how quickly treatment is given.
Possible complications
- Collapsed lung, leading to respiratory failure
- Death
- Empyema
- Fibrosis or scarring of the pleural membranes
- Pneumothorax
- Shock
Prevention
Use safety measures (such as seat belts) to avoid injury. Depending on the cause, a hemothorax may not be preventable.