Chronic cholecystitis (patient information): Difference between revisions
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{{Cholecystitis (patient information)}} | {{Cholecystitis (patient information)}} | ||
'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, [[Chronic cholecystitis|click here.]]''' | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty | {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty, {{MMF}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Chronic cholecystitis is the chronic [[inflammation]] of the [[gallbladder]]. Chronic cholecystitis is causes [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. The abdominal pain is usually worsened after eating fatty or greasy food. Chronic cholecystitis is long-standing [[swelling]] and [[irritation]] of the [[gallbladder]]. The diagnosis is established by the combination of physical examination, laboratory, and imaging findings. The treatment of cholecystitis is mainly surgical removal of [[gallbladder]]. Possible complications of chronic cholecystitis are the [[gangrene]], [[perforation]], and malignancy of the gallbladder. | |||
==What are the symptoms of Cholecystitis?== | ==What are the symptoms of Chronic Cholecystitis?== | ||
=== | |||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | |||
* | |||
* | *Attacks of upper [[abdominal pain]], often with [[nausea]] or [[vomiting]] | ||
* Spread to the back or below the right shoulder blade | *[[Abdominal pain]] that is located on the upper right side or upper middle of the [[abdomen]] | ||
* | ** The pain may: | ||
*** Spread to the back or below the right shoulder blade | |||
*** Worsened by eating fatty or greasy foods | |||
Other symptoms that may occur include: | Other symptoms that may occur include: | ||
| Line 26: | Line 27: | ||
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | * [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | ||
* Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes ([[jaundice]]) | * Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes ([[jaundice]]) | ||
==What causes Cholecystitis?== | ==What causes Cholecystitis?== | ||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ||
Chronic cholecystitis is usually caused by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis. This leads to thickening of the [[ | * Chronic cholecystitis is usually caused by [[gallstones]] in the [[gallbladder]]. | ||
* It is usually preceded by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis. | |||
* This leads to thickening of the [[gallbladder]] walls. | |||
* The [[gallbladder]] begins to shrink and eventually loses the ability to perform its function, which is concentrating, storing, and releasing [[bile]]. | |||
==Who is at highest risk?== | ==Who is at highest risk?== | ||
Risk | Risk factors for chronic cholecystitis include: | ||
*Gender: The disease occurs more often in women than in men | *Gender: The disease occurs more often in women than in men | ||
*Age: The incidence increases after age 40 | *Age: The incidence increases after age 40 | ||
| Line 47: | Line 44: | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | |||
Your doctor may order the following blood tests: | Your doctor may order the following blood tests: | ||
* [[Amylase]] and [[lipase]] | * [[Amylase]] and [[lipase]] | ||
* [[Bilirubin]] | * [[Bilirubin]] | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] (CBC): | * [[Complete blood count]] (CBC): | ||
* Liver function tests | ** May show a higher than normal [[white blood cell]] count | ||
* [[Liver function tests]] | |||
Imaging tests that can show [[gallstones]] or [[inflammation]] include: | Imaging tests that can show [[gallstones]] or [[inflammation]] include: | ||
| Line 60: | Line 57: | ||
* Abdominal [[CT scan]] | * Abdominal [[CT scan]] | ||
* Abdominal [[x-ray]] | * Abdominal [[x-ray]] | ||
* | * Oral cholecystogram | ||
* | * Gallbladder radionuclide scan | ||
==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ==Diseases with similar symptoms== | ||
===Acute Cholecystitis=== | ===Acute Cholecystitis=== | ||
| Line 81: | Line 72: | ||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ||
*[[Biliary colic|Billiary colic]] | |||
*[[Peptic ulcer]] | *[[Peptic ulcer]] | ||
*[[Hiatus hernia]] | *[[Hiatus hernia]] | ||
*[[Colitis]] | *[[Colitis]] | ||
*Functional bowel syndrome | *Functional bowel syndrome | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ==When to seek urgent medical care?== | ||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ||
Call for an appointment with your | Call for an appointment with your healthcare provider if you develop any symptoms of cholecystitis. | ||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
=== | ===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ||
[[Surgery]] is the usual treatment. Surgery to remove the [[gallbladder]] ([[cholecystectomy]]) can be performed as an open or [[laparoscopic procedure]]. The open procedure requires a large cut in the upper-right part of the [[abdomen]]. [[Laparoscopic surgery]] uses instruments and a small camera inserted through a cluster of a few small cuts. | |||
In | In patients who are poor candidates for surgery because of other diseases or conditions, the [[gallstones]] may be dissolved with medication taken by mouth. | ||
===Medications to avoid=== | |||
{{MedCondContrPI | |||
|MedCond =Cholecystitis|Fenofibrate|Gemfibrozil}} | |||
= | |||
==Where to find medical care for Cholecystitis?== | ==Where to find medical care for Cholecystitis?== | ||
| Line 117: | Line 97: | ||
==Prevention of Cholecystitis== | ==Prevention of Cholecystitis== | ||
===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ===Chronic Cholecystitis=== | ||
The condition is not always preventable. Eating less fatty foods may relieve symptoms in people with acute cholecystitis who have not had their [[ | The condition is not always preventable. Eating less fatty foods may relieve symptoms in people with acute cholecystitis who have not had their [[gallbladder]] removed. However, the benefit of a low-fat diet has not been proven. | ||
==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?== | ||
===Possible complications of cholecystitis=== | ===Possible complications of cholecystitis=== | ||
* [[Gangrene]] (tissue death) of the [[gallbladder]] | |||
* [[Cancer]] of the gallbladder (rarely) | * [[Cancer]] of the gallbladder (rarely) | ||
* [[Jaundice]] | * [[Jaundice]] | ||
* [[Pancreatitis]] | * [[Pancreatitis]] | ||
* Worsening of the condition | * Worsening of the condition | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
*http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000264.htm | *http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000264.htm | ||
*http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000217.htm | *http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000217.htm | ||
[[Category:Patient information]] | [[Category:Patient information]] | ||
| Line 154: | Line 122: | ||
[[Category:General surgery]] | [[Category:General surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:10, 9 February 2018
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Cholecystitis |
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Cholecystitis On the Web |
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For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here.
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-in-Chief: Meagan E. Doherty, Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Chronic cholecystitis is the chronic inflammation of the gallbladder. Chronic cholecystitis is causes abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The abdominal pain is usually worsened after eating fatty or greasy food. Chronic cholecystitis is long-standing swelling and irritation of the gallbladder. The diagnosis is established by the combination of physical examination, laboratory, and imaging findings. The treatment of cholecystitis is mainly surgical removal of gallbladder. Possible complications of chronic cholecystitis are the gangrene, perforation, and malignancy of the gallbladder.
What are the symptoms of Chronic Cholecystitis?
Chronic Cholecystitis
- Attacks of upper abdominal pain, often with nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain that is located on the upper right side or upper middle of the abdomen
- The pain may:
- Spread to the back or below the right shoulder blade
- Worsened by eating fatty or greasy foods
- The pain may:
Other symptoms that may occur include:
- Abdominal fullness
- Clay-colored stools
- Excess gas
- Fever
- Heartburn
- Indigestion
- Nausea and vomiting
- Yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
What causes Cholecystitis?
Chronic Cholecystitis
- Chronic cholecystitis is usually caused by gallstones in the gallbladder.
- It is usually preceded by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis.
- This leads to thickening of the gallbladder walls.
- The gallbladder begins to shrink and eventually loses the ability to perform its function, which is concentrating, storing, and releasing bile.
Who is at highest risk?
Risk factors for chronic cholecystitis include:
- Gender: The disease occurs more often in women than in men
- Age: The incidence increases after age 40
- The presence or development of gallstones
- Race: Native Americans have a higher rate of gallstones
Diagnosis
Chronic Cholecystitis
Your doctor may order the following blood tests:
- Amylase and lipase
- Bilirubin
- Complete blood count (CBC):
- May show a higher than normal white blood cell count
- Liver function tests
Imaging tests that can show gallstones or inflammation include:
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Abdominal CT scan
- Abdominal x-ray
- Oral cholecystogram
- Gallbladder radionuclide scan
Diseases with similar symptoms
Acute Cholecystitis
- Perforated peptic ulcer
- Acute peptic ulcer exacerbation
- Amoebic liver abscess
- Acute amoebic liver colitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Acute intestinal obstruction
- Renal colic
- Acute retrocolic appendicitis
Chronic Cholecystitis
- Billiary colic
- Peptic ulcer
- Hiatus hernia
- Colitis
- Functional bowel syndrome
When to seek urgent medical care?
Chronic Cholecystitis
Call for an appointment with your healthcare provider if you develop any symptoms of cholecystitis.
Treatment options
Chronic Cholecystitis
Surgery is the usual treatment. Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) can be performed as an open or laparoscopic procedure. The open procedure requires a large cut in the upper-right part of the abdomen. Laparoscopic surgery uses instruments and a small camera inserted through a cluster of a few small cuts.
In patients who are poor candidates for surgery because of other diseases or conditions, the gallstones may be dissolved with medication taken by mouth.
Medications to avoid
Patients diagnosed with Cholecystitis should avoid using the following medications:
- Fenofibrate
- Gemfibrozil
If you have been diagnosed with Cholecystitis, consult your physician before starting or stopping any of these medications.
Where to find medical care for Cholecystitis?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cholecystitis
Prevention of Cholecystitis
Chronic Cholecystitis
The condition is not always preventable. Eating less fatty foods may relieve symptoms in people with acute cholecystitis who have not had their gallbladder removed. However, the benefit of a low-fat diet has not been proven.
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications of cholecystitis
- Gangrene (tissue death) of the gallbladder
- Cancer of the gallbladder (rarely)
- Jaundice
- Pancreatitis
- Worsening of the condition