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==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Parosmia''' a subjective perception of odors that are non-existent.  
'''Parosmia''' a subjective perception of odors that are non-existent.  


== Differential Diagnosis of Causes of Parosmia==  
==Causes<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>==  
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">


In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
===Life Threatening Causes===
*[[Aneurysm ]]
*[[Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Esthesioneuroblastomas]]
*[[Hiv infection]]
*[[Olfactory meningioma]]
*[[Olfactory neuroblastoma]]
*[[Nasal tumour]]


*Aura of an epileptic [[seizure]]
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]
*Chronic [[rhinitis]]
===Common Causes===
*[[Empyema]] of [[nasal sinus]]es
*[[Alzheimer disease]]
*[[Aneurysm ]]
*[[Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Aura of an epileptic seizure]]
*[[Cortical lesions]]
*[[Down's syndrome]]
*[[Empyema of nasal sinuses]]
*[[Esthesioneuroblastomas]]  
*[[Hallucination]]
*[[Hallucination]]
*[[Huntington's chorea]]
*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]]
*[[Olfactory neuroblastoma]]
*[[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis]]
*[[Parkinson's disease]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]
*[[Pick's disease ]]
*[[Pseudotumor cerebri]]
*[[Refsum disease]]
*[[Rud syndrome]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]
*[[Shy-drager syndrome]]
*[[Tabes dorsalis]]
*[[Temporal lobectomy]]
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]


===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ammonia]],  [[Cadmium dust]],  [[Chromate]],  [[Formaldehyde]],  [[Hydrogen sulfide]],  [[Methacrylate vapors]],  [[Nickel dust]],  [[Organic solvent exposure]],  [[Solvents]],  [[Sulfuric acid]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Paget's disease ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ace inhibitors]],  [[Antithyroid drugs]],  [[Benzene]],  [[Beta blockers]],  [[Dihydropyridine]],  [[Flurbiprofen]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cleft palate]],  [[Nasal polyps]],  [[Nasal tumour]],  [[Olfactory meningioma]],  [[Paget's disease ]],  [[Septal deformity]],  [[Sjögren's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antithyroid drugs]],  [[Kallmann syndrome]],  [[Pellagra]],  [[Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Charge syndrome]],  [[Kallmann syndrome]],  [[Klinefelter's syndrome]],  [[Sclerosteosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aneurysm ]],  [[Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]],  [[Diabetes mellitus]],  [[Pernicious anemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemodialysis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Herpes virus infection]],  [[Hiv infection]],  [[Influenza]],  [[Viral infection]],  [[Viral rhinitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alzheimer disease]],  [[Aneurysm ]],  [[Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]],  [[Aura of an epileptic seizure]],  [[Cortical lesions]],  [[Down's syndrome]],  [[Empyema of nasal sinuses]],  [[Esthesioneuroblastomas]],  [[Hallucination]],  [[Huntington's chorea]],  [[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]],  [[Olfactory neuroblastoma]],  [[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis]],  [[Parkinson's disease]],  [[Pick's disease ]],  [[Pseudotumor cerebri]],  [[Refsum disease]],  [[Rud syndrome]],  [[Schizophrenia]],  [[Shy-drager syndrome]],  [[Tabes dorsalis]],  [[Temporal lobectomy]],  [[Western equine encephalitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]],  [[Malnutrition]],  [[Refsum disease]],  [[Vitamin deficiency]],  [[Zinc deficiency]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Esthesioneuroblastomas]],  [[Nasal polyps]],  [[Nasal tumour]],  [[Olfactory meningioma]],  [[Olfactory neuroblastoma]],  [[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis]],  [[Pseudotumor cerebri]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hallucination]],  [[Korsakoff's psychosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Empyema of nasal sinuses]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemodialysis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic rhinitis]],  [[Atrophic rhinitis]],  [[Chronic rhinitis]],  [[Viral rhinitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Herpes virus infection]],  [[Hiv infection]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Head trauma]],  [[Septal deformity]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic]]
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|
*[[Ace inhibitors]]
*[[Allergic rhinitis]]
*[[Alzheimer disease]]
*[[Ammonia]]
*[[Aneurysm ]]
*[[Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Antithyroid drugs]]
*[[Atrophic rhinitis]]
*[[Aura of an epileptic seizure]]
*[[Benzene]]
*[[Beta blockers]]
*[[Cadmium dust]]
*[[Charge syndrome]]
*[[Chromate]]
*[[Chronic rhinitis]]
*[[Cleft palate]]
*[[Cortical lesions]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Dihydropyridine]]
*[[Down's syndrome]]
*[[Empyema of nasal sinuses]]
*[[Esthesioneuroblastomas]]
*[[Flurbiprofen]]
*[[Formaldehyde]]
*[[Hallucination]]
*[[Head trauma]]
*[[Hemodialysis]]
*[[Herpes virus infection]]
*[[Hiv infection]]
*[[Huntington's chorea]]
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]]
*[[Idiopathic]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]]
*[[Kallmann syndrome]]
*[[Klinefelter's syndrome]]
*[[Korsakoff's psychosis]]
*[[Malnutrition]]
*[[Methacrylate vapors]]
*[[Nasal polyps]]
*[[Nasal tumour]]
*[[Nickel dust]]
*[[Olfactory meningioma]]
*[[Olfactory neuroblastoma]]
*[[Organic solvent exposure]]
*[[Paget's disease ]]
*[[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis]]
*[[Parkinson's disease]]
*[[Pellagra]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]]
*[[Pick's disease ]]
*[[Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a]]
*[[Pseudotumor cerebri]]
*[[Refsum disease]]
*[[Rud syndrome]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]
*[[Sclerosteosis]]
*[[Septal deformity]]
*[[Shy-drager syndrome]]
*[[Sjögren's syndrome]]
*[[Solvents]]
*[[Sulfuric acid]]
*[[Tabes dorsalis]]
*[[Temporal lobectomy]]
*[[Viral infection]]
*[[Viral rhinitis]]
*[[Vitamin deficiency]]
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]
*[[Zinc deficiency]]
}}
</div>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
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Latest revision as of 23:35, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Parosmia a subjective perception of odors that are non-existent.

Causes[1] [2]

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Ammonia, Cadmium dust, Chromate, Formaldehyde, Hydrogen sulfide, Methacrylate vapors, Nickel dust, Organic solvent exposure, Solvents, Sulfuric acid
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Paget's disease
Drug Side Effect Ace inhibitors, Antithyroid drugs, Benzene, Beta blockers, Dihydropyridine, Flurbiprofen
Ear Nose Throat Cleft palate, Nasal polyps, Nasal tumour, Olfactory meningioma, Paget's disease , Septal deformity, Sjögren's syndrome
Endocrine Antithyroid drugs, Kallmann syndrome, Pellagra, Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Charge syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Sclerosteosis
Hematologic Aneurysm , Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Diabetes mellitus, Pernicious anemia
Iatrogenic Hemodialysis
Infectious Disease Herpes virus infection, Hiv infection, Influenza, Viral infection, Viral rhinitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Alzheimer disease, Aneurysm , Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, Aura of an epileptic seizure, Cortical lesions, Down's syndrome, Empyema of nasal sinuses, Esthesioneuroblastomas, Hallucination, Huntington's chorea, Intracranial space-occupying lesion, Olfactory neuroblastoma, Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease , Pseudotumor cerebri, Refsum disease, Rud syndrome, Schizophrenia, Shy-drager syndrome, Tabes dorsalis, Temporal lobectomy, Western equine encephalitis
Nutritional/Metabolic Diabetes mellitus, Malnutrition, Refsum disease, Vitamin deficiency, Zinc deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Esthesioneuroblastomas, Nasal polyps, Nasal tumour, Olfactory meningioma, Olfactory neuroblastoma, Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, Pseudotumor cerebri
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Hallucination, Korsakoff's psychosis
Pulmonary Empyema of nasal sinuses
Renal/Electrolyte Hemodialysis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Allergic rhinitis, Atrophic rhinitis, Chronic rhinitis, Viral rhinitis
Sexual Herpes virus infection, Hiv infection
Trauma Head trauma, Septal deformity
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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