Diabetes mellitus dietary management: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Diabetes mellitus }}
{{Diabetes mellitus }}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{ADI}} {{KGH}}


== Dietary Management ==
== Dietary Management ==
=== General nutritional recommendation ===
=== General nutritional recommendation ===
Healthy diabetic eating includes<ref name="urlDiabetic Diet: MedlinePlus">{{cite web |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabeticdiet.html |title=Diabetic Diet: MedlinePlus |format= |work= |accessdate=2013-03-02}}</ref>
* Limiting foods that are high in sugar.
* Eating smaller portions, spread out over the day.
* Being careful about when and how many carbohydrates are eaten.
* Eating a variety of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables every day.
* Eating less fat.
* Limiting your use of [[alcohol]].
* Using less salt.
==== [[Diabetes dietary recommendations of american association of clinical endocrinologists|American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists]] ====
==== [[Diabetes dietary recommendations of american association of clinical endocrinologists|American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists]] ====


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==== [[Diabetes dietary recommendations of american dietetic association|American Dietetic Association]] ====
==== [[Diabetes dietary recommendations of american dietetic association|American Dietetic Association]] ====
== 2013 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid23264422">{{cite journal| author=American Diabetes Association| title=Standards of medical care in diabetes--2013. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2013 | volume= 36 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= S11-66 | pmid=23264422 | doi=10.2337/dc13-S011 | pmc=PMC3537269 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23264422  }} </ref>==
===Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)===
{|class="wikitable"
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Individuals who have prediabetes or diabetes should receive individualized MNT as needed to achieve treatment goals, preferably provided by a regis- tered dietitian familiar with the com- ponents of diabetes MNT. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Because MNT can result in cost-savings and improved outcomes ([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]]), MNT should be adequately covered by insurance and other payers. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: E]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|}
===Energy Balance, Overweight and Obesity===
{|class="wikitable"
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Weight loss is recommended for all overweight or obese individuals who have or are at risk for diabetes. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' For weight loss, either low-carbohydrate, low-fat calorie-restricted, or Mediterranean diets may be effective in the short- term (up to 2 years). ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' For patients on low-carbohydrate diets, monitor lipid profiles, renal function, and protein intake (in those with ne- phropathy) and adjust hypoglycemic therapy as needed. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: E]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Physical activity and behavior modification are important components of weight loss programs and are most helpful in maintenance of weight loss. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|}
===Macronutrients in Diabetes Managment===
{|class="wikitable"
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' The mix of carbohydrate, protein, and fat may be adjusted to meet the meta- bolic goals and individual preferences of the person with diabetes. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Monitoring carbohydrate, whether by carbohydrate counting, choices, or ex- perience-based estimation, remains a key strategy in achieving glycemic control. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Saturated fat intake should be <7% of total calories. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="Seashell"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' Reducing intake of trans fat lowers LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol ([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]]); therefore, intake of trans fat should be minimized. ''([[ADA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: E]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
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[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
[[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Latest revision as of 21:18, 29 July 2020

Diabetes mellitus Main page

Patient Information

Type 1
Type 2

Overview

Classification

Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Gestational diabetes

Differential Diagnosis

Complications

Screening

Diagnosis

Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [3] Karol Gema Hernandez, M.D. [4]

Dietary Management

General nutritional recommendation

Healthy diabetic eating includes[1]

  • Limiting foods that are high in sugar.
  • Eating smaller portions, spread out over the day.
  • Being careful about when and how many carbohydrates are eaten.
  • Eating a variety of whole-grain foods, fruits and vegetables every day.
  • Eating less fat.
  • Limiting your use of alcohol.
  • Using less salt.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

American Diabetes Association

American Dietetic Association

2013 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (DO NOT EDIT)[2]

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)

"1. Individuals who have prediabetes or diabetes should receive individualized MNT as needed to achieve treatment goals, preferably provided by a regis- tered dietitian familiar with the com- ponents of diabetes MNT. (Level of Evidence: A)"
"2. Because MNT can result in cost-savings and improved outcomes (Level of Evidence: B), MNT should be adequately covered by insurance and other payers. (Level of Evidence: E)"

Energy Balance, Overweight and Obesity

"1. Weight loss is recommended for all overweight or obese individuals who have or are at risk for diabetes. (Level of Evidence: A)"
"2. For weight loss, either low-carbohydrate, low-fat calorie-restricted, or Mediterranean diets may be effective in the short- term (up to 2 years). (Level of Evidence: A)"
"3. For patients on low-carbohydrate diets, monitor lipid profiles, renal function, and protein intake (in those with ne- phropathy) and adjust hypoglycemic therapy as needed. (Level of Evidence: E)"
"3. Physical activity and behavior modification are important components of weight loss programs and are most helpful in maintenance of weight loss. (Level of Evidence: B)"

Macronutrients in Diabetes Managment

"1. The mix of carbohydrate, protein, and fat may be adjusted to meet the meta- bolic goals and individual preferences of the person with diabetes. (Level of Evidence: C)"
"2. Monitoring carbohydrate, whether by carbohydrate counting, choices, or ex- perience-based estimation, remains a key strategy in achieving glycemic control. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"3. Saturated fat intake should be <7% of total calories. (Level of Evidence: B)"
"4. Reducing intake of trans fat lowers LDL cholesterol and increases HDL cholesterol (Level of Evidence: A); therefore, intake of trans fat should be minimized. (Level of Evidence: E)"

References

  1. ↑ "Diabetic Diet: MedlinePlus". Retrieved 2013-03-02.
  2. ↑ American Diabetes Association (2013). "Standards of medical care in diabetes--2013". Diabetes Care. 36 Suppl 1: S11–66. doi:10.2337/dc13-S011. PMC 3537269. PMID 23264422.

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