Pancreatitis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Pancreatitis}} | {{Pancreatitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{VB}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Common causes of pancreatitis include [[alcoholism]], [[gallstones]], [[hypertriglyceridemia]], [[ERCP]], pancreatic tumors, and medications such as [[5-Mercaptopurine]] and [[Azathioprine]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Acute pancreatitis is a life-threatening condition, especially if it progresses to necrotizing pancreatitis, and should be treated as such irrespective of the cause. | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
* [[ | * [[Alcohol]] 30% <ref name="Yang-2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Yang | first1 = AL. | last2 = Vadhavkar | first2 = S. | last3 = Singh | first3 = G. | last4 = Omary | first4 = MB. | title = Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States. | journal = Arch Intern Med | volume = 168 | issue = 6 | pages = 649-56 | month = Mar | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1001/archinte.168.6.649 | PMID = 18362258 }}</ref> | ||
* | |||
* [[Hypertriglyceridemia]] | * [[Gallstones]] 35-40% <ref name="Forsmark-2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = Forsmark | first1 = CE. | last2 = Baillie | first2 = J. | title = AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. | journal = Gastroenterology | volume = 132 | issue = 5 | pages = 2022-44 | month = May | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.065 | PMID = 17484894 }}</ref> | ||
* [[ | |||
* [[ | * [[Hypertriglyceridemia]] 1-4% cases <ref name="Fortson-1995">{{Cite journal | last1 = Fortson | first1 = MR. | last2 = Freedman | first2 = SN. | last3 = Webster | first3 = PD. | title = Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis. | journal = Am J Gastroenterol | volume = 90 | issue = 12 | pages = 2134-9 | month = Dec | year = 1995 | doi = | PMID = 8540502 }}</ref> | ||
* [[ | |||
* Medication such as [[mercaptopurine|5-mercaptopurine]], [[azathioprine]], [[Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate]], [[5-DDI]]<ref name="Yi-2012">{{Cite journal | last1 = Yi | first1 = GC. | last2 = Yoon | first2 = KH. | last3 = Hwang | first3 = JB. | title = Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine Proven by Single and Low Dose Challenge Testing in a Child with Crohn Disease. | journal = Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 272-5 | month = Dec | year = 2012 | doi = 10.5223/pghn.2012.15.4.272 | PMID = 24010098 }}</ref> | |||
=== | |||
*Acute gestational fatty liver | * [[Pancreatic tumor]]<ref name="Köhler-1987">{{Cite journal | last1 = Köhler | first1 = H. | last2 = Lankisch | first2 = PG. | title = Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in pancreatic carcinoma. | journal = Pancreas | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 117-9 | month = | year = 1987 | doi = | PMID = 2437571 }}</ref> | ||
* [[ERCP|Post-ERCP]] | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | |||
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1" | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular''' | |||
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atheroembolism ]], [[Cholesterol embolism]], [[Hemorrhagic shock ]], [[Hypotension]], [[Hypotension|Intraoperative hypotension]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Dermatologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[6-mercaptopurine]], [[Acetaminophen]], [[Acetaminophen and Oxycodone]], [[Alogliptin]], [[Amiodarone]], [[Arabinoside]], [[Asparaginase]], [[Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi]], [[Azathioprine]], [[olsalazine|Azodisalicylate]], [[Bexarotene]], [[Bezafibrate]], [[Bumetanide]], [[Carbimazole]], [[Chlorothiazide]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Clomiphene]], [[Clozapine]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Cytosine]], [[dabrafenib mesylate]], [[Dapsone]], [[Dexamethasone]], [[Didanosine]], [[Dapsone]], [[Doxercalciferol]], [[Enalapril]], [[Enfuvirtide]], [[Eribulin]], [[Erythromycin]], [[Estrogen]], [[Exenatide]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Frusemide]], [[Furosemide]], [[Indinavir]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[interferon alfacon-1]], [[Interferon gamma]], [[Interferon alfa-2b ]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Lamivudine]], [[Linagliptin]], [[Linagliptin and Metformin hydrochloride]], [[Liraglutide]], [[Losartan]], [[Meglumine antimoniate|Meglumine]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Mesalazine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methyldopa]], [[Methylprednisolone]], [[Metronidazole]], [[Minocycline hydrochloride]], [[Nelfinavir]], [[Nilotinib]], [[Nitrofurantoin]], [[Nivolumab]], [[Olsalazine]], [[Omeprazole]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxyphenbutazone]], [[Pegaspargase]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pergolide]], [[Phenylbutazone]], [[Ponatinib]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Premarin]], [[Prednisone]], [[Procainamide]], [[Propofol]], [[Pyritonol]], [[ Prednisolone]], [[Repaglinide]], [[Ritonavir]], [[Saquinavir mesylate]], [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Sitagliptin]], [[Somatropin]],[[Stavudine]], [[Sodium stibogluconate]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Sulfamethoxazole]], [[Sulindac]], [[Sulfasalazine]] ,[[Tamoxifen]], [[Teduglutide]], [[Tetracycline]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Zalcitabine]], [[methyldopa|α-methyldopa]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ear Nose Throat''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Endocrine''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperparathyroidism|Primary hyperparathyroidism]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Environmental''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]], [[Blunt trauma]], [[Pregnancy]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[fatty liver|Acute gestational fatty liver]], [[porphyria|Acute hepatic porphyrias]], [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[gallbladder disease|Biliary sludge]], [[Choledochal cyst]], [[Choledocholithiasis]], [[Cholelithiasis]], [[Duodenal ulcer]], [[Gallstones]], [[Gastric ulcer]], [[Hepatitis B ]], [[Hereditary pancreatitis]], [[Gallstones|Microlithiasis]], [[Pancreas|Pancreatic cysts]], [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]], [[Porphyrias]], [[Reye syndrome]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Genetic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminoaciduria]], [[Apolipoprotein c-ii deficiency]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]], [[Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Erythropoietic protoporphyria.]], [[Familial hypertriglyceridaemia]], [[Hemochromatosis]], [[Hereditary coproporphyria]], [[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Hematologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ERCP]], [[Partial pancreas resection]], Posttransplantation | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ascariasis]], [[Aspergillus]], [[Campylobacter jejuni]], [[Coxsackievirus]], [[Cryptosporidium]], [[Cytomegalovirus]], [[Fungal infections]], [[Herpes simplex]], [[HIV]], [[Human enterovirus b]], [[Legionella]], [[Leptospira]], [[Leukocytosis]], [[Mumps]], [[Mycoplasma]], [[Salmonella]], [[Teniasis]], [[Toxoplasma]], [[Varicella zoster]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Neurologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[All-trans-retinoic acid]], [[Hypercalcaemia]], [[Hypertriglyceridemia]], [[Zinc]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Oncologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cholangiocarcinoma]], [[Pancreatic cancer]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Ophthalmologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Overdose/Toxicity''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cannabis]], [[Codeine]], [[Ethanol]], [[Thallium]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Psychiatric''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Pulmonary''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Renal/Electrolyte''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune pancreatitis]], [[Autoimmune sclerosing pancreatitis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Necrotizing vascular angiitis]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[Variegate porphyria]], [[Vasculitis]] | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Sexual''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Trauma''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Urologic''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |||
|- | |||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |||
| '''Miscellaneous''' | |||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Duodenal diverticulum]], [[Ectopic pancreas]], [[Fever]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Idiopathic]], [[Pancreas divisum]], [[Penetrating trauma]], [[Stenosis of pancreatic ducts]], [[Trauma]] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
{{col-begin|width=80%}} | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[6-mercaptopurine]] | |||
*[[Acetaminophen]] | |||
*[[fatty liver|Acute gestational fatty liver]] | |||
*[[porphyrias|Acute hepatic porphyrias]] | |||
*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | |||
*[[Alcoholism]] | *[[Alcoholism]] | ||
*[[All-trans retinoic acid]] | |||
*[[Aminoaciduria]] | *[[Aminoaciduria]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[Amiodarone]] | |||
*[[apolipoprotein|Apolipoprotein c-II deficiency]] | |||
*[[cytarabine|Arabinoside]] | |||
*[[Ascariasis]] | |||
*[[Asparaginase]] | |||
*[[Aspergillus]] | |||
*[[Atheroembolism ]] | |||
*[[Autoimmune pancreatitis]] | *[[Autoimmune pancreatitis]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*Blunt [[ | *[[acute pancreatitis|Autoimmune sclerosing pancreatitis]] | ||
*[[Azathioprine]] | |||
*[[olsalazine|Azodisalicylate]] | |||
*[[Bexarotene]] | |||
*[[Bezafibrate]] | |||
*[[Gallbladder disease|Biliary sludge]] | |||
*[[Blunt trauma]] | |||
*[[Bumetanide]] | |||
*[[Campylobacter jejuni]] | |||
*[[Cannabis]] | |||
*[[Carbimazole]] | |||
*[[Chlorothiazide]] | |||
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]] | |||
*[[Choledochal cyst]] | |||
*[[Choledocholithiasis]] | |||
*[[Cholelithiasis]] | *[[Cholelithiasis]] | ||
*[[Crohn's | |||
*[[Cholesterol embolism]] | |||
*[[Cidofovir]] | |||
*[[Clomiphene]] | |||
*[[Clozapine]] | |||
*[[Codeine]] | |||
*[[Cytarabine]] | |||
*[[Lipodystrophy|Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1]] | |||
*[[Lipodystrophy|Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2]] | |||
*[[Coxsackievirus]] | |||
*[[Crohn's disease]] | |||
*[[Cryptosporidium]] | |||
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] | *[[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
*[[Cytomegalovirus]] | |||
*[[Cytosine]] | |||
*[[Dapsone]] | |||
*[[Dexamethasone]] | |||
*[[Didanosine]] | |||
*[[Duodenal diverticulum]] | *[[Duodenal diverticulum]] | ||
*[[ | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
*[[Duodenal ulcer]] | |||
*[[Pancreas|Ectopic pancreas]] | |||
*[[Efavirenz]] | |||
*[[Enalapril]] | |||
*[[Enfuvirtide]] | |||
*[[ERCP]] | *[[ERCP]] | ||
*[[Eribulin]] | |||
*[[Erythromycin]] | |||
*[[Porphyria|Erythropoietic protoporphyria.]] | |||
*[[Estrogen]] | |||
*[[Ethanol]] | |||
*[[Exenatide]] | |||
*[[Familial hypertriglyceridaemia]] | |||
*[[Fever]] | *[[Fever]] | ||
*[[Fungal | |||
*[[Frusemide]] | |||
*[[Fungal infections]] | |||
*[[Furosemide]] | |||
*[[Gallstones]] | |||
*[[Gastric ulcer]] | |||
*[[Hemochromatosis]] | *[[Hemochromatosis]] | ||
*[[Hemorrhagic shock ]] | |||
*[[Hepatitis B ]] | |||
*[[Hereditary coproporphyria]] | |||
*[[Hereditary pancreatitis]] | *[[Hereditary pancreatitis]] | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[Herpes simplex]] | |||
*[[HIV]] | |||
*[[Human enterovirus B]] | |||
*[[Hypercalcaemia]] | |||
*[[Hypertriglyceridemia]] | *[[Hypertriglyceridemia]] | ||
*[[Hypotension]] | *[[Hypotension]] | ||
*[[Hypothermia]] | |||
*[[Idiopathic]] | |||
*[[Indinavir]] | |||
*[[Ifosfamide]] | |||
*[[Interferon gamma]] | |||
*[[Hypotension|Intraoperative hypotension]] | |||
*[[Isoniazid]] | |||
*[[Janumet]] ([[sitagliptin]] and [[metformin]]) | |||
*[[Lamivudine]] | |||
*[[Legionella]] | |||
*[[Leptospira]] | |||
*[[Leukocytosis]] | *[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
*Necrotizing vascular angiitis | |||
* | *[[Linagliptin]] | ||
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] | |||
*[[Liraglutide]] | |||
*[[Losartan]] | |||
*[[Meglumine antimoniate|Meglumine]] | |||
*[[Mesalamine]] | |||
*[[Mesalazine]] | |||
*[[Methimazole]] | |||
*[[Methyldopa]] | |||
*[[Metronidazole]] | |||
*[[Gallstones|Microlithiasis]] | |||
*[[Mumps]] | |||
*[[Mycoplasma]] | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | |||
* Necrotizing vascular angiitis | |||
*[[Nelfinavir]] | |||
*[[Nitrofurantoin]] | |||
*[[Mestranol]] | |||
*[[Omeprazole]] | |||
*[[Oxaprozin]] | |||
*[[Oxyphenbutazone]] | |||
*[[Pancreas divisum]] | *[[Pancreas divisum]] | ||
*Partial pancreas resection | *[[Pancreatic cancer]] | ||
* | *[[Pancreas|Pancreatic cysts]] | ||
* | *[[Pancreatic pseudocyst]] | ||
* | *[[Pancreas|Partial pancreas resection]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Pegaspargase]] | ||
**[[ | *[[Penetrating trauma]] | ||
**[[ | *[[Pentamidine]] | ||
**[[ | *[[Pergolide]] | ||
**[[ | *[[Phenylbutazone]] | ||
**[[ | *[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] | ||
* | *[[Ponatinib]] | ||
* | *[[Porphyrias]] | ||
* Post transplantation | |||
*[[Pravastatin]] | |||
*[[Pregnancy ]] | |||
*[[Premarin]] | |||
*[[Prednisone]] | |||
*[[Hyperparathyroidism|Primary hyperparathyroidism]] | |||
*[[Procainamide]] | |||
*[[Propofol]] | |||
*[[Pyritonol]] | |||
*[[Renal failure]] | *[[Renal failure]] | ||
*Stenosis of pancreatic ducts | *[[Reye syndrome]] | ||
*[[Systemic | *[[Salmonella]] | ||
*[[Saquinavir mesylate]] | |||
*[[Simvastatin]] | |||
*[[Sitagliptin]] | |||
*[[Smoking]] | |||
*[[Stavudine]] | |||
*[[Pancreas|Stenosis of pancreatic ducts]] | |||
*[[Sodium stibogluconate]] | |||
*[[Sorafenib]] | |||
*[[Sulfamethoxazole]] | |||
*[[Sulindac]] | |||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*[[Tamoxifen]] | |||
*[[Teduglutide]] | |||
*[[Teniasis]] | |||
* [[Tenofovir]] disoproxil fumarate | |||
*[[Tetracycline]] | |||
*[[Thallium]] | |||
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | *[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Toxoplasma]] | ||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
*[[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]] | |||
*[[Valproic acid]] | |||
*[[Varicella zoster]] | |||
*[[Variegate porphyria]] | |||
*[[Vasculitis]] | |||
*[[Zalcitabine]] | |||
*[[Zinc]] | |||
*[[methyldopa|α-methyldopa]] | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Abdominal pain]] | [[Category:Abdominal pain]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Needs causes]] | [[Category:Needs causes]] | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Needs | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:33, 29 July 2020
Pancreatitis Main Page |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Vidit Bhargava, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Common causes of pancreatitis include alcoholism, gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, ERCP, pancreatic tumors, and medications such as 5-Mercaptopurine and Azathioprine.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Acute pancreatitis is a life-threatening condition, especially if it progresses to necrotizing pancreatitis, and should be treated as such irrespective of the cause.
Common Causes
- Gallstones 35-40% [2]
- Hypertriglyceridemia 1-4% cases [3]
- Medication such as 5-mercaptopurine, azathioprine, Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate, 5-DDI[4]
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Yang, AL.; Vadhavkar, S.; Singh, G.; Omary, MB. (2008). "Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States". Arch Intern Med. 168 (6): 649–56. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.649. PMID 18362258. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Forsmark, CE.; Baillie, J. (2007). "AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis". Gastroenterology. 132 (5): 2022–44. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.065. PMID 17484894. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Fortson, MR.; Freedman, SN.; Webster, PD. (1995). "Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis". Am J Gastroenterol. 90 (12): 2134–9. PMID 8540502. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Yi, GC.; Yoon, KH.; Hwang, JB. (2012). "Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine Proven by Single and Low Dose Challenge Testing in a Child with Crohn Disease". Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 15 (4): 272–5. doi:10.5223/pghn.2012.15.4.272. PMID 24010098. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Köhler, H.; Lankisch, PG. (1987). "Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia in pancreatic carcinoma". Pancreas. 2 (1): 117–9. PMID 2437571.