Motion sickness classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
===Airsickness=== | |||
{{main|Airsickness}} | |||
''Airsickness'' is a sensation which is induced by air travel. It is a specific form of motion sickness, and is considered a normal response in healthy individuals. Airsickness occurs when the [[central nervous system]] receives conflicting messages from the body (including the [[inner ear]], [[eye]]s and [[muscle]]s) affecting [[balance]] and [[Equilibrioception|equilibrium]]. | |||
===Sea-sickness=== | |||
{{main|Sea-sickness}} | |||
''Seasickness'' is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of [[nausea]] and, in extreme cases, [[Vertigo (medical)|vertigo]] experienced after spending time on a craft on [[water]]. It is typically brought on by the rocking motion of the craft. | |||
===Simulation sickness=== | |||
''Simulation sickness'', or simulator sickness, is a condition where a person exhibits symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer/simulation/video games. | |||
The most common theory for the cause of simulation sickness is that the illusion of motion created by the virtual world, combined with the absence of motion detected by the inner ear, causes the [[area postrema]] in the [[brain]] to infer that one is hallucinating and further conclude that the hallucination is due to poison ingestion. The brain responds by inducing nausea and vomiting, to clear the supposed toxin.<ref name="GMO">[http://www.brooksidepress.org/Products/OperationalMedicine/DATA/operationalmed/Manuals/Manual/clinical/Motion%20sickness.html General Medical Officer (GMO) Manual: Clinical Section: Motion Sickness]</ref> According to this theory, simulation sickness is just another form of motion sickness. | |||
The symptoms are often described as quite similar to that of motion sickness. Some can range from headache, drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and sweating. A research done at the [[University of Minnesota]] had students play [[Halo (series)|Halo]] for less than an hour, and found that up to 50 percent felt sick afterwards.<ref>[http://www.kvbc.com/Global/story.asp?s=4867083 Could video games be making your kids sick?]</ref> | |||
In a study conducted by U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in a report published May 1995 titled "Technical Report 1027 - Simulator Sickness in Virtual Environments", out of 742 pilot exposures from 11 military flight simulators, "approximately half of the pilots (334) reported post-effects of some kind: 250 (34%) reported that symptoms dissipated in less than 1 hour, 44 (6%) reported that symptoms lasted longer than 4 hours, and 28 (4%) reported that symptoms lasted longer than 6 hours. There were also 4 (1%) reported cases of spontaneously occurring flashbacks".<ref>[http://www.cyberedge.com/info_r_a+p05_ss-es.html CyberEdge Information Services: Health & Safety, Simulator Sickness in Virtual Environments: Executive Summary]</ref><ref>[http://www.gamingillustrated.com/video_game_sickness.php Video Game Simulator Sickness]</ref> | |||
===Space sicknesss=== | |||
{{main|Space adaptation syndrome}} | |||
''Space sickness'' was effectively unknown during the earliest spaceflights, as these were undertaken in very cramped conditions; it seems to be aggravated by being able to freely move around, and so is more common in larger spacecraft. Around 60% of all [[Space Shuttle]] astronauts currently experience it on their first flight; the first case is now suspected to be [[Gherman Titov]], in August, [[1961]] onboard ''[[Vostok 2]]'', who reported dizziness and nausea. However, the first significant cases were in early Apollo flights; [[Frank Borman]] on ''[[Apollo 8]]'' and [[Rusty Schweickart]] on ''[[Apollo 9]]''. Both experienced identifiable and reasonably severe symptoms — in the latter case causing the mission plan to be modified. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:10, 21 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]
Classification
Airsickness
Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel. It is a specific form of motion sickness, and is considered a normal response in healthy individuals. Airsickness occurs when the central nervous system receives conflicting messages from the body (including the inner ear, eyes and muscles) affecting balance and equilibrium.
Sea-sickness
Seasickness is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo experienced after spending time on a craft on water. It is typically brought on by the rocking motion of the craft.
Simulation sickness
Simulation sickness, or simulator sickness, is a condition where a person exhibits symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer/simulation/video games.
The most common theory for the cause of simulation sickness is that the illusion of motion created by the virtual world, combined with the absence of motion detected by the inner ear, causes the area postrema in the brain to infer that one is hallucinating and further conclude that the hallucination is due to poison ingestion. The brain responds by inducing nausea and vomiting, to clear the supposed toxin.[1] According to this theory, simulation sickness is just another form of motion sickness.
The symptoms are often described as quite similar to that of motion sickness. Some can range from headache, drowsiness, nausea, dizziness, vomiting and sweating. A research done at the University of Minnesota had students play Halo for less than an hour, and found that up to 50 percent felt sick afterwards.[2]
In a study conducted by U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences in a report published May 1995 titled "Technical Report 1027 - Simulator Sickness in Virtual Environments", out of 742 pilot exposures from 11 military flight simulators, "approximately half of the pilots (334) reported post-effects of some kind: 250 (34%) reported that symptoms dissipated in less than 1 hour, 44 (6%) reported that symptoms lasted longer than 4 hours, and 28 (4%) reported that symptoms lasted longer than 6 hours. There were also 4 (1%) reported cases of spontaneously occurring flashbacks".[3][4]
Space sicknesss
Space sickness was effectively unknown during the earliest spaceflights, as these were undertaken in very cramped conditions; it seems to be aggravated by being able to freely move around, and so is more common in larger spacecraft. Around 60% of all Space Shuttle astronauts currently experience it on their first flight; the first case is now suspected to be Gherman Titov, in August, 1961 onboard Vostok 2, who reported dizziness and nausea. However, the first significant cases were in early Apollo flights; Frank Borman on Apollo 8 and Rusty Schweickart on Apollo 9. Both experienced identifiable and reasonably severe symptoms — in the latter case causing the mission plan to be modified.