|
|
| (20 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Nasal Congestion}} | | {{Nasal Congestion}} |
| {{CMG}}
| | '''For patient information, click [[Nasal Congestion (patient information)|here]]''' |
|
| |
|
| == Differential diagnosis of causes of nasal congestion==
| | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:'''{{SM}} |
|
| |
|
| In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion overview|Overview]]== |
|
| |
|
| * Congenital abnormality
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| * [[Cystic Fibrosis]]
| |
| * [[Folliculitis]] of nasal hair
| |
| * Foreign body in nose
| |
| * Idiopathic rhinitis
| |
| * Intranasal [[cocaine]] use
| |
| * Medication side effects
| |
| * NARES
| |
| * [[Nasal polyps]]
| |
| * Perennial [[allergic rhinitis]]
| |
| * Rhinitis medicamentosa
| |
| * [[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| * Seasonal allergic rhinitis
| |
| * [[Sinusitis]]
| |
| * [[Upper respiratory infection]]
| |
| * [[Vasomotor rhinitis]]
| |
| * [[Wegener's Granulomatosis]]
| |
|
| |
|
| == History and Symptoms == | | ==[[Nasal Congestion classification|Classification]]== |
| * Duration
| |
| * Onset
| |
| * Recurrence pattern
| |
| * Medications/illicit drug use
| |
| * Associated symptoms
| |
|
| |
|
| === Physical Examination === | | ==[[Nasal Congestion pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| * Examination should include the following exams:
| |
| *:* Ears
| |
| *:* Sinuses
| |
| *:* Eyes
| |
| *:* Nares
| |
| *:* Oral mucosa
| |
| *:* Posterior pharynx
| |
| *:* Tongue
| |
| *:* Neck
| |
| *:* Chest
| |
| *:* Heart
| |
| == Laboratory Findings ==
| |
| * Nasal cultures
| |
| === MRI and CT ===
| |
| * CT scan of sinuses
| |
| === Other Diagnostic Studies ===
| |
| * Rhinoscopic exam/nasopharyngolaryngoscopy
| |
| * Nasal lavage
| |
| * Allergy testing
| |
| == Treatment ==
| |
|
| |
|
| In general:
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion causes|Causes]]== |
|
| |
|
| * Intranasal saline lavage
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion differential diagnosis|Differentiating Nasal Congestion from other Diseases]]== |
| * Avoid allergens
| |
|
| |
|
| Drinking plenty of fluids, more than usual, aids the body in expelling the irritant and clearing congestion. [[Water]], fruit juice, [[tea]]s and [[mayonnaise]] are recommended by medical experts to resolve congestion, and rest and [[sleep]] are also suggested remedies in a case of nasal congestion. Carbonated beverages also can help to alleviate nasal congestion. Increasing air moisture with a humidifier or a steamy bath or shower usually helps relieve the congestion and accompanying discomfort.
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
|
| |
|
| Neither influenza nor the common cold can be cured with medication; however, drugs such as [[acetaminophen]], [[decongestants]], [[nasal spray]]s or drops, cough remedies and throat lozenges may provide some [[symptom]] relief. Furthermore, medications have recently been approved which, when started shortly after the onset of symptoms, may shorten the duration of influenza.
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
|
| |
|
| A cause of nasal congestion may also be due to an allergic reaction caused by [[hay fever]], so avoiding [[allergen]]s is a common remedy if this becomes a confirmed diagnosis. [[Antihistamines]] and decongestants can provide significant symptom relief although they do not cure hay fever. Antihistamines may be given continuously during pollen season for optimum control of symptoms.
| | ==[[Nasal Congestion screening|Screening]]== |
|
| |
|
| [[Topical decongestant]]s should only be used by patients for a maximum of 3 days in a row, because rebound congestion may occur in the form of [[rhinitis medicamentosa]]. | | ==[[Nasal Congestion natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
|
| |
|
| Insertion of cotton swabs into a child's nostrils as a remedy is generally discouraged. An alternative solution is for the discharge to be caught outside the nostril on a tissue or swab, be rolled around, and have the discharge pulled out of the nose. [[Petroleum jelly]] applied to the nasal openings can assist in providing protection against [[irritation]], though it is important to ensure that the nostrils are not blocked by the jelly.
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | [[Nasal Congestion history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Nasal Congestion physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Nasal Congestion laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Nasal Congestion x ray|X Ray]] | [[Nasal Congestion CT|CT]] | [[Nasal Congestion MRI|MRI]] | [[Nasal Congestion other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Nasal Congestion other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
|
| |
|
| The ancient use of [[nasal irrigation]], which originated from the [[Yoga]] practice of jala neti, is also said to help reduce nasal congestions. It involves rinsing the [[nasal cavity]] regularly with salty water.
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Nasal Congestion medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Nasal Congestion surgery|Surgery]] | [[Nasal Congestion primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Nasal Congestion secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Nasal Congestion cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Nasal Congestion future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
|
| |
|
| Alternately thrusting the tongue against the roof of the mouth and pressing between the eyebrows with a finger for approximately thirty seconds can loosen congestion. This method causes the [[vomer bone]], which runs through the nasal passages to the mouth, to rock back and forth, forcing sinuses to drain.<ref>http://health.msn.com/menshealth/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100119940>1=7538</ref>
| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Nasal Congestion case study one|Case #1]] |
| | {{WH}} |
|
| |
|
| === Acute Pharmacotherapies ===
| | {{WS}} |
| * Intranasal or oral decongestants
| |
| * [[Amoxicillin]]
| |
| * [[Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole]]
| |
| * [[Doxycycline]]
| |
| * Intranasal steroids
| |
| * [[Antihistamines]]
| |
| * [[Cromolyn sodium]]
| |
| | |
| ==References==
| |
| <references/>
| |
| | |
| ==External links ==
| |
| * [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/runny-nose/ID00006 Runny nose and stuffy nose: Self-care]
| |
| * Unblock a [http://www.buteykoscotland.co.uk/nose.htm Stuffy Nose: self help]
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| [[zh:鼻塞]]
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Rhinology]] | | [[Category:Rhinology]] |
| | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] |
| | [[Category:Medical signs]] |
| [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |
|
| |
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |