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==Causes==
==Causes==
Radiographic abnormalities of the low back may occur in patients without pain.<ref name="pmid8208267">{{cite journal| author=Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS| title=Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1994 | volume= 331 | issue= 2 | pages= 69-73 | pmid=8208267 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199407143310201 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8208267  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19532001">{{cite journal| author=Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P et al.| title=Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. | journal=Spine (Phila Pa 1976) | year= 2009 | volume= 34 | issue= 9 | pages= 934-40 | pmid=19532001 | doi=10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19532001  }} </ref>
===Common Causes===
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
Possible causes of low back pain: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
* Mechanical:
* Mechanical:
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis
** Apophyseal osteoarthritis
** Facet arthropathy
** Facet arthropathy
** Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
** Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]
** [[Degenerative disc disease|Degenerative Discs]]
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]
** [[Scheuermann's disease|Scheuermann's kyphosis]]
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** Fractures
** Fractures
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains
** Non-specific muscular or ligamentous strains or sprains
** Leg Length Difference
** Leg length difference
** Restricted hip motion
** Restricted hip motion
** Misaligned pelvis - pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion  
** Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion  
* Inflammatory:
* Inflammatory:
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])
** Seronegative spondylarthritides (e.g. [[ankylosing spondylitis]])
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* [[Neoplastic]]:
* [[Neoplastic]]:
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])
** [[Bone tumor]]s (primary or [[metastatic]])
** Intradural Spinal tumors
** Intradural spinal tumors
* [[Metabolic]]:
* [[Metabolic]]:
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures
** [[osteoporosis|Osteoporotic]] fractures
Line 33: Line 36:
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]
* [[Paget's disease of bone|Paget's disease]]
* [[Referred pain]]:
* [[Referred pain]]:
** Pelvic/abdominal disease
** Pelvic/ abdominal disease
** Posture
** Posture
* Soft Tissue:
* Soft Tissue:
** [[Ligament]] strain
** [[Ligament]] strain
** [[Muscle spasm]]
** [[Muscle spasm]]
** Nerve root irritation, [[Radiculopathy]]
** Nerve root irritation, [[radiculopathy]]
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]
** [[Posterior Rami Syndrome|Posterior rami syndrome]]
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]
** Sympathetic pain syndromes [[RSD]],[[CRPS]]
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]
* [[clinical depression|Depression]]
* oxygen deprivation
* Oxygen deprivation
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cobb syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Colorectal polyps]], [[Colorectal polyps]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]], [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Epidural abscess]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Oophoritis]], [[PID]], [[Discitis]], [[ UTI]], [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]], [[Pelvic abscess]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Chlamydia infection]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Prostatitis]], [[Prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[Prostatitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[Osteomyelitis]], [[Paget disease of bone]], [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Coccydynia]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], [[Discitis]], [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]], [[Osteoporosis]], [[Spondylolisthesis]], [[Spondylolysis]], [[Spondylosis]], [[Tethered cord syndrome]], Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]] , [[Degenerative disc disease]], [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]], Facet arthropathy, [[Juvenile osteoporosis]], Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, [[Muscle spasm]], [[Scheuermann's disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transverse myelitis]]' [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]],  [[Epidural abscess]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Alkaptonuria]], [[Cholesterol embolism]],  [[Ochronosis]], [[Pompe's disease ]], [[Osteomalacia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dysmenorrhoea]], [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[Pregnancy]], [[Premenstrual syndrome]], [[Uterine fibroids]], [[Oophoritis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Malignancy]], [[Cobb syndrome]], [[ Colorectal cancer]], [[ Pancreatic cancer]], [[Myeloma]], [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]], [[Prostate Cancer]], [[Bone metastases]], [[Breast cancer]], [[Chordoma]], Metastatic neoplasm, [[spinal tumor|Intradural spinal tumor]]s
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Copper toxicity ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]], [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant), [[Interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]],[[ UTI]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Reiter's syndrome]], [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]], [[Chondrocalcinosis]], [[Psoriatic arthritis]], [[Spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vertebral fracture]], [[Disc injury]], [[Spinal cord injury, acute]], Back strain, [[Fractures]], Ligament strain, [[whiplash|Whiplash Injury]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ Prostatitis]], [[ Prostate cancer]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]], [[ Excessive lifting]], [[ Functional disorders]], [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]], [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], Breakdance back syndrome, [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]], [[Posture]], [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]], [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
* [[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
* [[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
* [[Alkaptonuria]]
* [[ Ankylosing spondylitis]]
* [[Aortic aneurysm]], abdominal
* [[oophoritis|Autoimmune oophoritis]]
* [[osteosclerosis|Axial osteosclerosis]]
* Back strain
* [[Bone metastases]]
* Breakdance back syndrome
* [[Breast cancer]]
* [[Cauda equina syndrome]]
* [[Chlamydia infection]]
* [[Chondrocalcinosis]]
* [[Chordoma]]
* [[Cholesterol embolism]]
* [[interstitial nephritis|Chronic interstitial nephritis]]
* [[Chronic pancreatitis]]
* [[Clinical depression]]
* [[Cobb syndrome]]
* [[Coccydynia]]
* [[Colorectal polyps]]
* [[Colorectal cancer]]
* [[Copper toxicity ]]
* [[Danubian endemic familial nephropathy]]
* [[Degenerative disc disease]]
* [[Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]]
* Disc disorder
* [[Discitis]]
* [[Dysmenorrhoea]]
* [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]]
* [[Enteropathic arthropathy|Enteropathic arthritis]]
* [[Epidural abscess]]
* Excessive lifting
* Facet arthropathy
* [[RCC|Familial renal cell carcinoma]]
* [[Fractures]]
* [[ Functional disorders]]
* [[Intervertebral disc herniation]]
* [[Intradural spinal tumors]]
* [[Juvenile osteochondrosis]] of spine
* [[Juvenile osteoporosis]]
* [[mast cell leukemia|Leukemia, mast-cell]]
* Ligament strain
* [[Malignancy]]
* [[Marchiafava-Micheli disease]]
* Metastatic neoplasm
* Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion
* [[Multifocal fibrosclerosis]]
* [[Muscle spasm]]
* [[Myeloma]]
* [[Ochronosis]]
* [[Osteomalacia]]
* [[Osteomyelitis]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Paget disease of bone]]
* [[ Pancreatic cancer]]
* [[Pelvic abscess]]
* [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]
* [[ Polycystic kidney disease]], adult (autosomal dominant)
* [[ Polymyalgia rheumatica]]
* [[Pompe's disease ]]
* [[Posterior Rami Syndrome]]
* [[Posture]]
* [[Pregnancy]]
* [[Premenstrual syndrome]]
* [[ Prostate cancer]]
* [[ Prostatitis]]
* [[Psoriatic arthritis]]
* [[Pyelonephritis, acute]]
* [[ Reiter's syndrome]]
* [[ Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
* [[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]
* [[Scheuermann's disease]]
* [[spondyloarthropathy|Seronegative spondylarthritides]]
* [[Anismus|Spastic pelvic floor syndrome]]
* [[Spinal cord injury, acute]]
* [[Spondylolisthesis]]
* [[Spondylolysis]]
* [[Spondylosis]]
* [[Complex regional pain syndrome|Sympathetic pain syndromes]]
* [[Tethered cord syndrome]]
* [[Transverse myelitis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Uterine fibroids]]
* [[ UTI]]
* Vertebral dysfunction
* [[Vertebral fracture]]
* [[prostatitis|Viral prostatitis]]
* [[whiplash|Whiplash Injuries]]
 
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Disability]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]

Latest revision as of 22:32, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Radiographic abnormalities of the low back may occur in patients without pain.[1][2]

Common Causes

Possible causes of low back pain: [3] [4]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Cobb syndrome
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Adrenal hemorrhage
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Colorectal polyps, Colorectal polyps
Genetic Danubian endemic familial nephropathy, Danubian endemic familial nephropathy, Danubian endemic familial nephropathy
Hematologic Acute intermittent porphyria, Marchiafava-Micheli disease
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Epidural abscess, Transverse myelitis, Oophoritis, PID, Discitis, UTI, Enteropathic arthritis, Pelvic abscess, Tuberculosis, Chlamydia infection, Osteomyelitis, Prostatitis, Viral prostatitis, Transverse myelitis, Pyelonephritis, acute, Reiter's syndrome, Prostatitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Osteomyelitis, Paget disease of bone, Ankylosing spondylitis, Coccydynia, Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, Discitis, Intervertebral disc herniation, Juvenile osteochondrosis, Osteoporosis, Spondylolisthesis, Spondylolysis, Spondylosis, Tethered cord syndrome, Disc disorder, Vertebral dysfunction, Axial osteosclerosis , Degenerative disc disease, Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, Facet arthropathy, Juvenile osteoporosis, Misaligned pelvis- pelvic obliquity, anteversion or retroversion, Muscle spasm, Scheuermann's disease
Neurologic Transverse myelitis' Posterior Rami Syndrome, Epidural abscess
Nutritional / Metabolic Alkaptonuria, Cholesterol embolism, Ochronosis, Pompe's disease , Osteomalacia
Obstetric/Gynecologic Dysmenorrhoea, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Pregnancy, Premenstrual syndrome, Uterine fibroids, Oophoritis
Oncologic Malignancy, Cobb syndrome, Colorectal cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Myeloma, Leukemia, mast-cell, Prostate Cancer, Bone metastases, Breast cancer, Chordoma, Metastatic neoplasm, Intradural spinal tumors
Opthalmologic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Copper toxicity
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte Pyelonephritis, acute, Familial renal cell carcinoma, Polycystic kidney disease, adult (autosomal dominant), Chronic interstitial nephritis,UTI
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Reiter's syndrome, Autoimmune oophoritis, Chondrocalcinosis, Psoriatic arthritis, Seronegative spondylarthritides
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Vertebral fracture, Disc injury, Spinal cord injury, acute, Back strain, Fractures, Ligament strain, Whiplash Injury
Urologic Prostatitis, Prostate cancer
Miscellaneous Polymyalgia rheumatica, Excessive lifting, Functional disorders, Retroperitoneal fibrosis, Retroperitoneal haemorrhage, Breakdance back syndrome, Multifocal fibrosclerosis, Posture, Spastic pelvic floor syndrome, Sympathetic pain syndromes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS (1994). "Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain". N Engl J Med. 331 (2): 69–73. doi:10.1056/NEJM199407143310201. PMID 8208267.
  2. ↑ Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P; et al. (2009). "Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals". Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34 (9): 934–40. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181a01b3f. PMID 19532001.
  3. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  4. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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