Diabetic foot history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Diabetic foot}} | {{Diabetic foot}} | ||
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== | ==Overview== | ||
History of previous [[foot]] [[ulcer|ulceration]] and poor [[Diabetes management|glycemic control]] are two common positive histories in many [[patients]] suffering from [[diabetic foot]]. Other possible histories in a [[diabetic foot]] [[patient]] are history of kidney disease (due to diabetes), history of visual problems, history of burning sensation, previous [[amputation]], [[trauma]], and [[smoking]]. [[Diabetic foot]] [[patients]] may present to [[physicians]] with numerous [[symptoms]]. Nevertheless, the most common [[symptoms]] reported in these [[patients]] are burning, pins and needles sensation, [[discharge]], and [[pain]]. In late stages of [[ulcer]] [[infection]], [[fever]] and [[rigor]] are also common. | |||
Symptoms | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
===History=== | |||
[[Patients]] with [[diabetic foot]] may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid22172474">{{cite journal| author=Lepäntalo M, Apelqvist J, Setacci C, Ricco JB, de Donato G, Becker F | display-authors=etal| title=Chapter V: Diabetic foot. | journal=Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg | year= 2011 | volume= 42 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= S60-74 | pmid=22172474 | doi=10.1016/S1078-5884(11)60012-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22172474 }} </ref><ref name="BoykoAhroni1999">{{cite journal|last1=Boyko|first1=E. J.|last2=Ahroni|first2=J. H.|last3=Stensel|first3=V.|last4=Forsberg|first4=R. C.|last5=Davignon|first5=D. R.|last6=Smith|first6=D. G.|title=A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=22|issue=7|year=1999|pages=1036–1042|issn=0149-5992|doi=10.2337/diacare.22.7.1036}}</ref><ref name="AbbottCarrington2002">{{cite journal|last1=Abbott|first1=C. A.|last2=Carrington|first2=A. L.|last3=Ashe|first3=H.|last4=Bath|first4=S.|last5=Every|first5=L. C.|last6=Griffiths|first6=J.|last7=Hann|first7=A. W.|last8=Hussein|first8=A.|last9=Jackson|first9=N.|last10=Johnson|first10=K. E.|last11=Ryder|first11=C. H.|last12=Torkington|first12=R.|last13=Van Ross|first13=E. R. E.|last14=Whalley|first14=A. M.|last15=Widdows|first15=P.|last16=Williamson|first16=S.|last17=Boulton|first17=A. J. M.|title=The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort|journal=Diabetic Medicine|volume=19|issue=5|year=2002|pages=377–384|issn=07423071|doi=10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x}}</ref><ref name="pmid24353617">{{cite journal| author=Shahbazian H, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi SM| title=Risk assessment of patients with diabetes for foot ulcers according to risk classification consensus of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). | journal=Pak J Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 730-4 | pmid=24353617 | doi=10.12669/pjms.293.3473 | pmc=3809295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24353617 }} </ref><ref name="Santanelli, di Pompeo d'IllasiChuan2015">{{cite journal|last1=Santanelli, di Pompeo d'Illasi|first1=Fabio|last2=Chuan|first2=Fengning|last3=Tang|first3=Kang|last4=Jiang|first4=Peng|last5=Zhou|first5=Bo|last6=He|first6=Xiaoqun|title=Reliability and Validity of the Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation (PEDIS) Classification System and Score in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|year=2015|pages=e0124739|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0124739}}</ref> | |||
*History of poor [[Diabetes management|glycemic control]] | |||
*Other [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] of [[diabetes]], such as [[nephropathy]], [[retinopathy]], and [[neuropathy]] | |||
*Previous [[amputation]] | |||
*Previous [[foot]] [[ulcer]] | |||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
*[[Burn]] | |||
*[[Smoking]] | |||
*[[Foot]] deformity | |||
*Previous history of [[hospital|hospitalization]] due to [[diabetes]] related conditions | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
*[[Patients]] with [[diabetic foot]] can complain from [[symptoms]] that include:<ref name="Boyko2019">{{cite journal|last1=Boyko|first1=Edward J.|title=How to use clinical signs and symptoms to estimate the probability of limb ischaemia in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer|journal=Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews|volume=36|issue=S1|year=2019|issn=1520-7552|doi=10.1002/dmrr.3241}}</ref><ref name="CHINYEH2018">{{cite journal|last1=CHIN|first1=Yen-Fan|last2=YEH|first2=Jiun-Ting|last3=YU|first3=Hsing-Yi|last4=WENG|first4=Li-Chueh|title=Knowledge of the Warning Signs of Foot Ulcer Deterioration Among Patients With Diabetes|journal=Journal of Nursing Research|volume=26|issue=6|year=2018|pages=420–426|issn=1682-3141|doi=10.1097/jnr.0000000000000258}}</ref><ref name="pmid24353617">{{cite journal| author=Shahbazian H, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi SM| title=Risk assessment of patients with diabetes for foot ulcers according to risk classification consensus of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). | journal=Pak J Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 730-4 | pmid=24353617 | doi=10.12669/pjms.293.3473 | pmc=3809295 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24353617 }} </ref> | |||
**Burning | |||
**Pins and needles sensation | |||
**[[pus|Purulent]] [[discharge]] | |||
**Sharp [[pain]] | |||
**[[Paresthesia|Numbness]] | |||
**[[Fever]] and [[rigor]] | |||
*50% of the [[patients]] with [[diabetes]] have some levels of [[neuropathy]] prior to [[diagnosis]].<ref name="pmid15317601">{{cite journal| author=Daousi C, MacFarlane IA, Woodward A, Nurmikko TJ, Bundred PE, Benbow SJ| title=Chronic painful peripheral neuropathy in an urban community: a controlled comparison of people with and without diabetes. | journal=Diabet Med | year= 2004 | volume= 21 | issue= 9 | pages= 976-82 | pmid=15317601 | doi=10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01271.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15317601 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up to Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:51, 7 September 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[2] Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
History of previous foot ulceration and poor glycemic control are two common positive histories in many patients suffering from diabetic foot. Other possible histories in a diabetic foot patient are history of kidney disease (due to diabetes), history of visual problems, history of burning sensation, previous amputation, trauma, and smoking. Diabetic foot patients may present to physicians with numerous symptoms. Nevertheless, the most common symptoms reported in these patients are burning, pins and needles sensation, discharge, and pain. In late stages of ulcer infection, fever and rigor are also common.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with diabetic foot may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5]
- History of poor glycemic control
- Other complications of diabetes, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy
- Previous amputation
- Previous foot ulcer
- Trauma
- Burn
- Smoking
- Foot deformity
- Previous history of hospitalization due to diabetes related conditions
Symptoms
- Patients with diabetic foot can complain from symptoms that include:[6][7][4]
- 50% of the patients with diabetes have some levels of neuropathy prior to diagnosis.[8]
References
- ↑ Lepäntalo M, Apelqvist J, Setacci C, Ricco JB, de Donato G, Becker F; et al. (2011). "Chapter V: Diabetic foot". Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 42 Suppl 2: S60–74. doi:10.1016/S1078-5884(11)60012-9. PMID 22172474.
- ↑ Boyko, E. J.; Ahroni, J. H.; Stensel, V.; Forsberg, R. C.; Davignon, D. R.; Smith, D. G. (1999). "A prospective study of risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer. The Seattle Diabetic Foot Study". Diabetes Care. 22 (7): 1036–1042. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.7.1036. ISSN 0149-5992.
- ↑ Abbott, C. A.; Carrington, A. L.; Ashe, H.; Bath, S.; Every, L. C.; Griffiths, J.; Hann, A. W.; Hussein, A.; Jackson, N.; Johnson, K. E.; Ryder, C. H.; Torkington, R.; Van Ross, E. R. E.; Whalley, A. M.; Widdows, P.; Williamson, S.; Boulton, A. J. M. (2002). "The North-West Diabetes Foot Care Study: incidence of, and risk factors for, new diabetic foot ulceration in a community-based patient cohort". Diabetic Medicine. 19 (5): 377–384. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00698.x. ISSN 0742-3071.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shahbazian H, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi SM (2013). "Risk assessment of patients with diabetes for foot ulcers according to risk classification consensus of International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF)". Pak J Med Sci. 29 (3): 730–4. doi:10.12669/pjms.293.3473. PMC 3809295. PMID 24353617.
- ↑ Santanelli, di Pompeo d'Illasi, Fabio; Chuan, Fengning; Tang, Kang; Jiang, Peng; Zhou, Bo; He, Xiaoqun (2015). "Reliability and Validity of the Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation (PEDIS) Classification System and Score in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0124739. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124739. ISSN 1932-6203.
- ↑ Boyko, Edward J. (2019). "How to use clinical signs and symptoms to estimate the probability of limb ischaemia in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer". Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 36 (S1). doi:10.1002/dmrr.3241. ISSN 1520-7552.
- ↑ CHIN, Yen-Fan; YEH, Jiun-Ting; YU, Hsing-Yi; WENG, Li-Chueh (2018). "Knowledge of the Warning Signs of Foot Ulcer Deterioration Among Patients With Diabetes". Journal of Nursing Research. 26 (6): 420–426. doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000258. ISSN 1682-3141.
- ↑ Daousi C, MacFarlane IA, Woodward A, Nurmikko TJ, Bundred PE, Benbow SJ (2004). "Chronic painful peripheral neuropathy in an urban community: a controlled comparison of people with and without diabetes". Diabet Med. 21 (9): 976–82. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01271.x. PMID 15317601.