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==History and Symptoms==
 
* Pressure in the lower pelvis
==Overview==
* Painful urination ([[dysuria]])  
A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include use of urinary catheters,  [[pregnancy]], sexual history, [[diabetes]], recent [[antibiotic]] use, history of [[Kidney|renal]] disease, [[urinary incontinence]], and [[urinary retention]]. Symptoms of cystitis include painful urination, abnormal urine color (cloudy), blood in the urine, [[frequent urination]] or [[urgent need to urinate]], or pressure in the lower [[pelvis]].
* [[Frequent urination]] (AKA [[polyuria]]) or [[urgent need to urinate]] (AKA [[urgency]])  
 
* Need to urinate at night ([[nocturia]], similar to prostate cancer or BPH)
==History==
* Abnormal urine color (cloudy), similar to a [[urinary tract infection]]  
A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:<ref name="pmid19505803">{{cite journal| author=Schito GC, Naber KG, Botto H, Palou J, Mazzei T, Gualco L et al.| title=The ARESC study: an international survey on the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens involved in uncomplicated urinary tract infections. | journal=Int J Antimicrob Agents | year= 2009 | volume= 34 | issue= 5 | pages= 407-13 | pmid=19505803 | doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19505803  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25113293">{{cite journal| author=Davis KF, Colebaugh AM, Eithun BL, Klieger SB, Meredith DJ, Plachter N et al.| title=Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a quality-improvement initiative. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 3 | pages= e857-64 | pmid=25113293 | doi=10.1542/peds.2013-3470 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25113293  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11018165">{{cite journal| author=Hooton TM, Scholes D, Stapleton AE, Roberts PL, Winter C, Gupta K et al.| title=A prospective study of asymptomatic bacteriuria in sexually active young women. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2000 | volume= 343 | issue= 14 | pages= 992-7 | pmid=11018165 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200010053431402 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11018165  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28001179">{{cite journal| author=Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB et al.| title=Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement. | journal=J Bras Nefrol | year= 2016 | volume= 38 | issue= 4 | pages= 478-482 | pmid=28001179 | doi=10.5935/0101-2800.20160077 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28001179  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3776980">{{cite journal| author=Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B| title=Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 1986 | volume= 124 | issue= 6 | pages= 977-85 | pmid=3776980 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3776980  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12113867">{{cite journal| author=Ronald A| title=The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 113 Suppl 1A | issue=  | pages= 14S-19S | pmid=12113867 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12113867  }} </ref>
* Blood in the urine ([[hematuria]]) (similar to a female's period or bladder cancer)
 
* Foul or strong urine odor
*Recent use of urinary catheters
*[[Pregnancy]]
*Recent history of intercourse
*History of [[UTI]]
*[[Diabetes]]
*Recent antibiotic use
*History of renal disease
*Family history of [[UTI]]
*Known abnormality of the urinary tract
*[[Urinary incontinence]]
*[[Urinary retention]]
*History of [[BPH]] or [[HIV]]
 
==Symptoms==
 
The symptoms of cystitis may include:<ref name="hhh">Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Stephen Bent]], [[Brahmajee K. Nallamothu]], [[David L. Simel]], [[Stephan D. Fihn]] & [[Sanjay Saint]]
| title = Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection?
| journal = [[JAMA]]
| volume = 287
| issue = 20
| pages = 2701–2710
| year = 2002
| month = May
| pmid = 12020306
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[W. E. Stamm]]
| title = Etiology and management of the acute urethral syndrome
| journal = [[Sexually transmitted diseases]]
| volume = 8
| issue = 3
| pages = 235–238
| year = 1981
| month = July-September
| pmid = 7292216
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[W. E. Stamm]], [[K. F. Wagner]], [[R. Amsel]], [[E. R. Alexander]], [[M. Turck]], [[G. W. Counts]] & [[K. K. Holmes]]
| title = Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women
| journal = [[The New England journal of medicine]]
| volume = 303
| issue = 8
| pages = 409–415
| year = 1980
| month = August
| doi = 10.1056/NEJM198008213030801
| pmid = 6993946
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Leonie G. M. Giesen]], [[Grainne Cousins]], [[Borislav D. Dimitrov]], [[Floris A. van de Laar]] & [[Tom Fahey]]
| title = Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs
| journal = [[BMC family practice]]
| volume = 11
| pages = 78
| year = 2010
| month =
| doi = 10.1186/1471-2296-11-78
| pmid = 20969801
}}</ref><ref name="pmid18159059">{{cite journal| author=Shaikh N, Morone NE, Lopez J, Chianese J, Sangvai S, D'Amico F et al.| title=Does this child have a urinary tract infection? | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 298 | issue= 24 | pages= 2895-904 | pmid=18159059 | doi=10.1001/jama.298.24.2895 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18159059  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27621918">{{cite journal| author=Kilic O, Akand M, Gul M, Karabagli P, Goktas S| title=Eosinophilic Cystitis: A Rare Cause of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children. | journal=Iran Red Crescent Med J | year= 2016 | volume= 18 | issue= 6 | pages= e24562 | pmid=27621918 | doi=10.5812/ircmj.24562 | pmc=5002967 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27621918  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12020306">{{cite journal| author=Bent S, Nallamothu BK, Simel DL, Fihn SD, Saint S| title=Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection? | journal=JAMA | year= 2002 | volume= 287 | issue= 20 | pages= 2701-10 | pmid=12020306 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12020306  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12402822 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2002 Oct;5(4):119] </ref>
===Common Symptoms in Infants===
*Decreased feeding
*Excessive crying
*Fussiness
*[[Insomnia]]
===Urinary symptoms===
 
* [[Frequency]] (frequent [[urination]])
* [[Urgency]] (urgent need to [[Urination|urinate]])
* [[Nocturia]] (need to [[Urination|urinate]] at night)
* [[Dysuria]] (painful [[urination]])
*Low volume voids
* [[Hematuria]] ([[blood]] in the [[urine]])
* Foul or strong [[urine]] odor
* Abnormal [[urine]] color (cloudy)
 
===Gastrointestinal===
*Suprapubic [[pain]]
 
===Musculoskeletal===
*Pressure in the lower pelvis or back
===Sexual Symptoms===
*[[Painful intercourse]]
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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Latest revision as of 21:12, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include use of urinary catheters, pregnancy, sexual history, diabetes, recent antibiotic use, history of renal disease, urinary incontinence, and urinary retention. Symptoms of cystitis include painful urination, abnormal urine color (cloudy), blood in the urine, frequent urination or urgent need to urinate, or pressure in the lower pelvis.

History

A detailed and thorough medical history from the patient is necessary. Specific areas of focus when obtaining a history from the patient include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Symptoms

The symptoms of cystitis may include:[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

Common Symptoms in Infants

  • Decreased feeding
  • Excessive crying
  • Fussiness
  • Insomnia

Urinary symptoms

Gastrointestinal

Musculoskeletal

  • Pressure in the lower pelvis or back

Sexual Symptoms

References

  1. ↑ Schito GC, Naber KG, Botto H, Palou J, Mazzei T, Gualco L; et al. (2009). "The ARESC study: an international survey on the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens involved in uncomplicated urinary tract infections". Int J Antimicrob Agents. 34 (5): 407–13. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.04.012. PMID 19505803.
  2. ↑ Davis KF, Colebaugh AM, Eithun BL, Klieger SB, Meredith DJ, Plachter N; et al. (2014). "Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a quality-improvement initiative". Pediatrics. 134 (3): e857–64. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3470. PMID 25113293.
  3. ↑ Hooton TM, Scholes D, Stapleton AE, Roberts PL, Winter C, Gupta K; et al. (2000). "A prospective study of asymptomatic bacteriuria in sexually active young women". N Engl J Med. 343 (14): 992–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM200010053431402. PMID 11018165.
  4. ↑ Teles F, Santos LG, Tenório CE, Marinho MR, Moraes SR, Câmara DB; et al. (2016). "Lupus cystitis presenting with hidronephrosis and gastrointestinal involvement". J Bras Nefrol. 38 (4): 478–482. doi:10.5935/0101-2800.20160077. PMID 28001179.
  5. ↑ Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B (1986). "Risk factors for nosocomial urinary tract infection". Am J Epidemiol. 124 (6): 977–85. PMID 3776980.
  6. ↑ Ronald A (2002). "The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens". Am J Med. 113 Suppl 1A: 14S–19S. PMID 12113867.
  7. ↑ Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016
  8. ↑ Stephen Bent, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, David L. Simel, Stephan D. Fihn & Sanjay Saint (2002). "Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection?". JAMA. 287 (20): 2701–2710. PMID 12020306. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ W. E. Stamm (1981). "Etiology and management of the acute urethral syndrome". Sexually transmitted diseases. 8 (3): 235–238. PMID 7292216. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ W. E. Stamm, K. F. Wagner, R. Amsel, E. R. Alexander, M. Turck, G. W. Counts & K. K. Holmes (1980). "Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women". The New England journal of medicine. 303 (8): 409–415. doi:10.1056/NEJM198008213030801. PMID 6993946. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ Leonie G. M. Giesen, Grainne Cousins, Borislav D. Dimitrov, Floris A. van de Laar & Tom Fahey (2010). "Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs". BMC family practice. 11: 78. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-11-78. PMID 20969801.
  12. ↑ Shaikh N, Morone NE, Lopez J, Chianese J, Sangvai S, D'Amico F; et al. (2007). "Does this child have a urinary tract infection?". JAMA. 298 (24): 2895–904. doi:10.1001/jama.298.24.2895. PMID 18159059.
  13. ↑ Kilic O, Akand M, Gul M, Karabagli P, Goktas S (2016). "Eosinophilic Cystitis: A Rare Cause of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children". Iran Red Crescent Med J. 18 (6): e24562. doi:10.5812/ircmj.24562. PMC 5002967. PMID 27621918.
  14. ↑ Bent S, Nallamothu BK, Simel DL, Fihn SD, Saint S (2002). "Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection?". JAMA. 287 (20): 2701–10. PMID 12020306. Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2002 Oct;5(4):119

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