Musculoskeletal problems of the wrist and hand classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Classification

Traumatic Injury

• Fracture
  • Immediate severe pain and swelling
  • Colle’s fracture
    • Fracture of distal radius; most common, easily seen on X-ray
  • Scaphoid Fracture
    • May require special X-ray views to visualize
• Ligament Rupture or Tear
• Tendon Injury

Nontraumatic

• Inflammatory Arthritis
  • Septic, crystal-induced, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
  • Pain with movement of wrist through its range of motion
  • Synovitis with swelling in setting of inflammatory entities
• Osteoarthritis
  • Rarely involves wrist except for carpometacarpal (CMC) joint at base of thumb
• Osteonecrosis (avascular)
  • Localized pain interfering with hand/wrist function
• Entrapment Syndromes
  • Wrist pain radiating into hand or forearm, +/- sensory or motor deficits
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Ulnar or interosseous nerve entrapment
• Tenosynovitis
• Ganglion Cyst
• Referred Pain from Cervical-Spine/Shoulder
  • Pain in absence of local findings
  • Symptoms worsened by neck/shoulder movement