Infertility pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Infertility}} | {{Infertility}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
Disorders of [[ovulation]] make up at least 25% of the cases of [[infertility]] worldwide, according to a study done by WHO. Other pathologies such as genital tract infections, [[pelvic inflammatory disease]], [[endometriosis]] make up the bulk of [[female infertility]] cases. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
===Male infertility=== | |||
:*A decrease in [[sperm count]]<ref name="pmid29259455">{{cite journal| author=Miyamoto T, Minase G, Shin T, Ueda H, Okada H, Sengoku K| title=Human male infertility and its genetic causes. | journal=Reprod Med Biol | year= 2017 | volume= 16 | issue= 2 | pages= 81-88 | pmid=29259455 | doi=10.1002/rmb2.12017 | pmc=5661822 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29259455 }} </ref> | |||
:*A decrease in [[sperm count]] | |||
:*[[Sperm]] being blocked from being released | :*[[Sperm]] being blocked from being released | ||
:*Sperm that do not work properly | :*[[Sperm]] that do not work properly | ||
:*[[Genetic]] disease such as [[Klinefelter syndrome|Klienefelter syndrome]], [[Noonan syndrome]] and [[chromosome Y]] deletions. | |||
===Female infertility=== | |||
:*A fertilized egg or [[embryo]] does not survive once it sticks to the lining of the womb (uterus) | |||
:*A fertilized egg or [[embryo]] does not survive once it sticks to the lining of the womb ([[uterus]]).<ref name="pmid1642014">{{cite journal| author=| title=Recent advances in medically assisted conception. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. | journal=World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser | year= 1992 | volume= 820 | issue= | pages= 1-111 | pmid=1642014 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1642014 }}</ref> | |||
:*The fertilized egg does not attach to the lining of the [[uterus]] | :*The fertilized egg does not attach to the lining of the [[uterus]] | ||
:*The eggs cannot move from the [[ovaries]] to the womb | :*The eggs cannot move from the [[ovaries]] to the womb | ||
:*The ovaries have problems producing | :*The [[ovaries]] have problems producing egg | ||
:*[[Hormonal]] imbalance such as [[hyperprolactinemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[PCOS]] which interfere with [[fertility]]. | |||
==Associated conditions== | |||
*[[Endometriosis]] | |||
*[[Pelvic inflammatory disease]] | |||
*[[Diabetes mellitus]] | |||
*[[Hypothyroidism]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gynecology]] | [[Category:Gynecology]] | ||
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[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:38, 19 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sanjana Nethagani, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Disorders of ovulation make up at least 25% of the cases of infertility worldwide, according to a study done by WHO. Other pathologies such as genital tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis make up the bulk of female infertility cases.
Pathophysiology
Male infertility
- A decrease in sperm count[1]
- Sperm being blocked from being released
- Sperm that do not work properly
- Genetic disease such as Klienefelter syndrome, Noonan syndrome and chromosome Y deletions.
Female infertility
- A fertilized egg or embryo does not survive once it sticks to the lining of the womb (uterus).[2]
- The fertilized egg does not attach to the lining of the uterus
- The eggs cannot move from the ovaries to the womb
- The ovaries have problems producing egg
- Hormonal imbalance such as hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, PCOS which interfere with fertility.
Associated conditions
References
- ↑ Miyamoto T, Minase G, Shin T, Ueda H, Okada H, Sengoku K (2017). "Human male infertility and its genetic causes". Reprod Med Biol. 16 (2): 81–88. doi:10.1002/rmb2.12017. PMC 5661822. PMID 29259455.
- ↑ "Recent advances in medically assisted conception. Report of a WHO Scientific Group". World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 820: 1–111. 1992. PMID 1642014.