Syncope causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Syncope}}
{{syncope}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{VR}} {{Sara.Zand}}
 
==Overview==
Peripheral vascular resistance and [[cardiac output]] are the two main determinants for the presentation of syncope. [[autonomic nervous system]] impairment due to [[drugs]] or an autonomic failure, can lead to a decrease in [[peripheral vascular resistance]]. Reflex activity impairment may also cause a decrease of [[peripheral vascular resistance]], as the body normal compensation reflexes fail. The decrease in [[cardiac output]] may be due to venous pooling, cardioinhibitory reflexes, [[arrhythmia]], [[pulmonary embolism]], and volume depletion leading to diminished venous return, among others.


==Causes==
==Causes==
[[Peripheral vascular resistance]] and [[cardiac output]] are the two main determinants for the presentation of syncope. [[autonomic nervous system]] impairment due to drugs or an autonomic failure, can lead to a decrease in [[peripheral vascular resistance]]. Reflex activity impairment may also cause a decrease of [[peripheral vascular resistance]], as the body normal compensation reflexes fail. Decrease in [[cardiac output]] may be due to venous pooling, cardioinhibitory reflexes, [[arrhythmia]], [[hypertension]], [[pulmonary embolism]], and volume depletion leading to diminished venous return, among others.
===Life threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.<ref name="ShenSheldon2017">{{cite journal|last1=Shen|first1=Win-Kuang|last2=Sheldon|first2=Robert S.|last3=Benditt|first3=David G.|last4=Cohen|first4=Mitchell I.|last5=Forman|first5=Daniel E.|last6=Goldberger|first6=Zachary D.|last7=Grubb|first7=Blair P.|last8=Hamdan|first8=Mohamed H.|last9=Krahn|first9=Andrew D.|last10=Link|first10=Mark S.|last11=Olshansky|first11=Brian|last12=Raj|first12=Satish R.|last13=Sandhu|first13=Roopinder Kaur|last14=Sorajja|first14=Dan|last15=Sun|first15=Benjamin C.|last16=Yancy|first16=Clyde W.|title=2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society|journal=Circulation|volume=136|issue=5|year=2017|issn=0009-7322|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000499}}</ref>
* Massive [[Hemorrhage]]
*[[Tamponade]]
*[[Bradyarrhythmia]]
* Massive [[Pulmonary embolism]]<ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa1602172| issn = 0028-4793, 1533-4406| volume = 375| issue = 16| pages = 1524–1531| last1 = Prandoni| first1 = Paolo| last2 = Lensing| first2 = Anthonie W.A.| last3 = Prins| first3 = Martin H.| last4 = Ciammaichella| first4 = Maurizio| last5 = Perlati| first5 = Marica| last6 = Mumoli| first6 = Nicola| last7 = Bucherini| first7 = Eugenio| last8 = Visonà| first8 = Adriana| last9 = Bova| first9 = Carlo| last10 = Imberti| first10 = Davide| last11 = Campostrini| first11 = Stefano| last12 = Barbar| first12 = Sofia| title = Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism among Patients Hospitalized for Syncope| journal = New England Journal of Medicine| accessdate = 2016-10-21| date = 2016-10-20| url = http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1602172}}</ref>
*[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Ventricular arrhythmia]]<ref name="Khoo-2013">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Khoo | first1 = C. | last2 = Chakrabarti | first2 = S. | last3 = Arbour | first3 = L. | last4 = Krahn | first4 = AD. | title = Recognizing life-threatening causes of syncope. | journal = Cardiol Clin | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 51-66 | month = Feb | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccl.2012.10.005 | PMID = 23217687 }}</ref>
{| style="border: 2px solid #4479BA; align="left"
! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Arrhythmia causes of [[syncope]]}}
! style="width: 300px; background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF| Cardiovascular non arrhythmia causes of [[syncope]]}}
! style="width: 400px; background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Non cardiac causes of [[syncope]]}}
|-
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" |
*Sustained or symptomatic [[ventricular tachycardia|VT]]
*Symptomatic conduction system disease or Mobitz II or third-degree heart block
*Symptomatic bradycardia or sinus pauses not related to [[neurally mediated syncope]]
*Symptomatic [[Supraventricular tachycardia|SVT]]
*Pacemaker/ICD malfunction
*Inheritable cardiac conditions predisposing to [[arrhythmias]]
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" |
* [[Ischemic heart disease]]
* Severe [[aortic stenosis]]
* Cardiac [[tamponade]]
* [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*Severe prosthetic valve dysfunction
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*Acute [[heart failure]]
*Moderate-to-severe [[left ventricle]] dysfunction
| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" |
*Severe [[anemia]]/[[gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*Major [[traumatic injury]] due to [[syncope]]
*Persistent [[vital sign]] abnormalities
|-
|}
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Alcohol abuse]]
*[[Arrhythmia]]
*Common fainting spell ([[vasovagal syncope]])
*[[Medication]]
*[[Dehydration]] due to a wide variety of causes including diarrhea and diuretics
*[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
*Drugs including [[opiates]], [[anxiolytics]], [[sedatives]], [[barbiturates]]
*[[Vagal stimulation]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]<ref name="Kapoor-2000">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kapoor | first1 = WN. | title = Syncope. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 343 | issue = 25 | pages = 1856-62 | month = Dec | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM200012213432507 | PMID = 11117979 }}</ref>
*[[Hypotension]]
 
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" |[[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[acute myocardial infarction]], [[acute myocarditis]], [[Adams-Stokes syndrome]], [[anomalous origins of coronary arteries]], [[aortic aneurysm]], [[aortic dissection]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrioventricular block]], [[AVNRT|AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]], [[bifascicular block]], [[bradyarrhythmia]], [[brugada syndrome]], [[cardiac tamponade]], [[catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]], [[channelopathy]], [[AV block|complete atrioventricular block]], [[dehydration]], [[dilated cardiomyopathy]], [[epsilon wave]], [[hemorrhage]], [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], [[hypotension]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[long QT syndrome]], [[mitral stenosis]],[[Meprobamate]], [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia]], [[Atrial flutter|persistent atrial flutter]], [[preexcitation syndrome]], [[QT prolongation|prolonged corrected QT interval]], [[pulmonic stenosis]], [[retroperitoneal hemorrhage]], [[ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]], [[Pulmonary embolism classification|saddle embolus]], [[second degree AV block]], [[Short QT syndrome|short corrected QT interval]], [[short QT syndrome]], [[sick sinus syndrome]], [[Sinoatrial arrest|significant sinus pause]], [[subclavian steal syndrome]], [[Supraventricular tachycardia|supraventricular tachyarrhythmia]], [[third degree heart block]], [[tuberculin]],[[ventricular arrhythmia]], [[ventricular tachycardia]], [[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Carbon monoxide]], [[cocaine]], [[ethanol]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Dental'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Dermatologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|'''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Drug Side Effect'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[ACEI|ACE inhibitor]], [[Alfuzosin]], [[alpha blockers]], [[amitriptyline]],  [[Amobarbital sodium]],  [[antiarrhythmics]], [[antidepressants]], [[antiemetics]], [[Antihypertensive|antihypertensive medications]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[barbiturates]], [[beta blockers]], [[Bicalutamide]], [[bicisate dihydrochloride]],[[bromocriptine]], [[calcium channel blocker]], [[Chlordiazepoxide]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[cinnarizine]], [[Clomifene]], [[clonidine]], [[clozapine]], [[desipramine]], [[digoxin]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disulfiram]], [[diuretics]], [[dothiepin]], [[Dolasetron mesylate]], [[Erectile dysfunction medical therapy|erectile dysfunction medications]], [[Ferric Carboxymaltose]],[[Folinic acid]], [[Ganglionic blocker|ganglionic blocker]], [[hydralazine]], [[Hydrocortisone]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[Iloperidone]], [[Interferon-gamma]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[Lacosamide]], [[Levalbuterol]], [[L-dopa]], [[Loxapine]], [[Meropenem]], [[Methocarbamol]], [[Mitomycin]],  [[Nabilone]], [[nabumetone]], [[Niacin]], [[Nilutamide]], [[nitrates]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]] [[opiates]], [[orphenadrine]], [[oxazepam]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Pergolide]], [[prednisolone]], [[Isethionate]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[phenothiazines]], [[rifaximin]], [[Ritonavir]], [[ropinirole]], [[Rotigotine]], [[Secobarbital sodium]], [[sertraline]], [[Sodium oxybate]], [[Sodium aurothiomalate]], [[sulindac]], [[Tiagabine]], [[tricyclic antidepressants]], [[Trospium]], [[vasodilators]], [[zolmitriptan]], [[zonisamide]], [[Calcium gluconate]],  [[Cefaclor]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|'''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Endocrine'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Environmental'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Channelopathy]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Gastroenterologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Genetic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Hematologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Iatrogenic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Infectious Disease'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]], [[dysautonomia]], [[Lewy body dementia]], [[multiple system atrophy]], [[parkinson disease]], [[seizure]], [[spinal cord injury]], [[subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[transient ischemic attack]], [[vagal stimulation]], [[vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Neurologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Atrial myxoma]], [[carcinoid syndrome]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Oncologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Ophthalmologic'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anorexia nervosa]], [[anxiety]], [[emotional stress]], [[Hysteria|hysterical faint]], [[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures|psychogenic pseudosyncope]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Hypoxia]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Psychiatric'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Uremia]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Pulmonary'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Anaphylaxis]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]]
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Sexual'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Trauma'''
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|'''Miscellaneous'''
|-
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Breath-holding spells|Breath holding spells]], [[choking game]], [[cough]], [[defecation]], [[deglutition]], [[drop attack]], [[Hair-grooming syncope|hair combing]], [[heat illness]], [[hyperventilation]], [[hypocapnia]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[Implantable cardioverter defibrillator|implanted cardioverter defibrillator malfunction]], [[Laughter-induced syncope|laughing]], [[micturition]], [[post-exercise]], [[Food coma|postprandial hypotension]], [[Bed rest|prolonged bed rest]], [[sneeze]], [[Hypovolemia|significant blood loss]], [[valsalva maneuver]], [[vomiting]], [[Physical exercise|weightlifting]]
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=84%}}
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[1-amino-2-propanol poisoning]]
*[[ACEI|ACE inhibitor]]
*[[1-pentanethiol poisoning]]
*[[1-propanol poisoning]]
*[[1,1-dichloroethene poisoning]]
*[[1,1-dimethylhydrazine poisoning]]
*[[1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane poisoning]]
*[[1,2-dibromoethane poisoning]]
*[[1,2-dichloromethane poisoning]]
*[[1,3-butadiene poisoning]]
*[[1,3-dichloropropene poisoning]]
*[[1,3-dinitrobenzene poisoning]]
*[[1,4-dioxane poisoning]]
*[[2-aminopyridine poisoning]]
*[[2-butoxyethanol poisoning]]
*[[2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid poisoning]]
*[[2-methylbutyric aciduria]]
*[[2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[2-methylbutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[2,4-dinitrotoluene poisoning]]
*[[2,4,6-trichlorophenol poisoning]]
*[[2,4,6-trinitrotoluene poisoning]]
*[[3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[3-alpha-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency]]
*[[3-alpha-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 2 deficiency]]
*[[3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]]
*[[3,3-dichlorobenzidine poisoning]]
*[[4-aminodiphenyl poisoning]]
*[[4-aminopyridine poisoning]]
*[[4,4-methylenebis poisoning]]
*[[Abalone allergy]]
*[[Abdominal aneurysm]]
*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
*[[Abruptio placentae]]
*[[ACE inhibitor]]
*[[Acetaminophen]]
*[[Acetone poisoning]]
*[[Acetophenone poisoning]]
*[[Acetylandromedol poisoning]]
*[[Acetylene dichloride poisoning]]
*[[Acetylene poisoning]]
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid poisoning]]
*[[Achyranthes aspera poisoning]]
*[[Acid-base imbalance]]
*[[Ackee fruit food poisoning]]
*[[Acoustic neuroma]]
*[[Acrinathrin poisoning]]
*[[Acrolein poisoning]]
*[[Acrylonitrile poisoning]]
*[[ACTH resistance]]
*[[Acupuncture]]
*[[Acute aortic dissection]]
*[[Acute bleeding]]
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
*[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
*[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]]
*[[Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis]]
*[[Acute kidney failure]]
*[[Acute leukemia]]
*[[Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia]]
*[[Acute meningitis]]
*[[Acute mountain sickness]]
*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
*[[Acute myocardial infarction]]
*[[Acute myocarditis]]
*[[Acute myocarditis]]
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
*[[Acute pesticide poisoning]]
*[[Acute polyneuritis]]
*[[Acute vitamin A toxicity]]
*[[Adam and eve poisoning]]
*[[Adams-Nance syndrome]]
*[[Adams-Stokes syndrome]]
*[[Adams-Stokes syndrome]]
*[[Addison's disease]]
*[[Alpha blockers]]
*[[Adenosine triphosphatase deficiency]]
*[[Adiponitrile poisoning]]
*[[Adrenal crisis]]
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
*[[Adrenal insufficiency]]
*[[Adrenoleukodystrophy]]
*[[Adriamycin]]
*[[Adult panic-anxiety syndrome]]
*[[After a major surgery]]
*[[Aftershave poisoning]]
*[[Ageing]]
*[[Air embolism]]
*[[Airway obstruction]]
*[[Alachlor poisoning]]
*[[Alanycarb poisoning]]
*[[Alarcon-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Albayalde-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Alcohol consumption]]
*[[Alcoholic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Aldicarb poisoning]]
*[[Aldoxycarb poisoning]]
*[[Aldrin poisoning]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alfuzosin]]
*[[Alicyclic hydrocarbons poisoning]]
*[[Aliskiren]]
*[[Alkaline dry cell batteries poisoning]]
*[[Alkylating agent]]
*[[Allergic reactions]]
*[[Allethrin poisoning]]
*[[Allyl alcohol poisoning]]
*[[Allyl chloride poisoning]]
*[[Allyl trichloride poisoning]]
*[[Allyxycarb poisoning]]
*[[Almond allergy]]
*[[Alpha-blockers]]
*[[Alpha-cypermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Alprazolam]]
*[[Alterations in vasomotor tone]]
*[[Alternating hemiplegia]]
*[[Altretamine]]
*[[Aluminum phosphide poisoning]]
*[[Amanita polypyramis poisoning]]
*[[Amaranth allergy]]
*[[Ambien overdose]]
*[[Amidithion poisoning]]
*[[Amifostine]]
*[[Aminocarb poisoning]]
*[[Aminoglycosides]]
*[[Aminosalicylic acid]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amiton poisoning]]
*[[Amitriptyline]]
*[[Amitriptyline]]
*[[Amlodipine]]
*[[Ammonia poisoning]]
*[[Ammonium bifluoride poisoning]]
*[[Ammonium nitrate poisoning]]
*[[Ammonium sulfamate poisoning]]
*[[Ammunition production]]
*[[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]]
*[[Amniotic fluid embolus]]
*[[Amoxapine toxicity]]
*[[Amphetamine abuse]]
*[[Amphotericin B]]
*[[Amygdalin poisoning]]
*[[Amyl nitrite]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Anagrelide]]
*[[Anaphylactic shock]]
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Anchovy poisoning]]
*[[Anomalous origins of coronary arteries]]
*[[Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis]]
*[[Andromedotoxin poisoning]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Aneurysm of sinus of valsalva]]
*[[Angina pectoris]]
*[[Aniline poisoning]]
*[[Aniseed allergy]]
*[[Anisidine poisoning]]
*[[Annatto allergy]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Anoxemia]]
*[[Antepartum eclampsia]]
*[[Anti-rust products poisoning]]
*[[Antiarrhythmics]]
*[[Antiarrhythmics]]
*[[Anticholinergic syndrome]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidepressants]]
*[[Antidiarrheal agents]]
*[[Antiemetics]]
*[[Antiemetics]]
*[[Antifreeze poisoning]]
*[[Antihypertensive|Antihypertensive medications]]
*[[Antihypertensive drug allergy]]
*[[Antihypertensive medications]]
*[[Antimony poisoning]]
*[[Antipsychotic agents]]
*[[Antipsychotic agents]]
*[[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Aorta-pulmonary artery fistula]]
*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
*[[Aortic stenosis]]
*[[Aortic stenosis]]
*[[Aortic valve insufficiency]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Apple seed poisoning]]
*[[Apricot allergy]]
*[[Apricot seed poisoning]]
*[[Arachnoiditis]]
*[[Arctic bearded seal poisoning]]
*[[Arginase deficiency]]
*[[Argininosuccinase lyase deficiency]]
*[[Argininosuccinic aciduria]]
*[[Arginninosuccinic acid synthetase deficiency]]
*[[Aripiprazole]]
*[[Aristolochic acid poisoning]]
*[[Arnold-chiari malformation]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventriclular dysplasia]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]]
*[[Arsenic poisoning]]
*[[Arteriosclerosis obliterans]]
*[[Arteriosclerosis of cerebral vessels]]
*[[Arteriosclerosis of the carotid arteries]]
*[[Arteriosclerosis]]
*[[Asphalt poisoning]]
*[[Asphyxia]]
*[[Aspiration pneumonia]]
*[[Aspirin]]
*[[Asthenopia]]
*[[Asymmetric septal hypertrophy]]
*[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
*[[Atazanavir]]
*[[Atenolol]]
*[[Atherosclerosis]]
*[[Athyl-gusathion poisoning]]
*[[Ativan overdose]]
*[[Atrial arrhythmia]]
*[[Atrial fibrillation]]
*[[Atrial flutter]]
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]
*[[Atrioventricular block]]
*[[Atrioventricular block]]
*[[Atrioventricular conduction system disease]]
*[[AVNRT|AV nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
*[[Attenuation of the vestibular sympathetic reflex]]
*[[Australian sea lion poisoning]]
*[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Autoimmune inner ear disease]]
*[[Automatic dishwashing detergent poisoning]]
*[[Automobile exhaust]]
*[[Autonomic dysfunction]]
*[[Autonomic insufficiency]]
*[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
*[[Av nodal reentrant tachycardia]]
*[[Avocado allergy]]
*[[Azarcon-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Azinfos-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Azinfosethyl poisoning]]
*[[Azinophos-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Azinphos poisoning]]
*[[Azinphos-ethyl poisoning]]
*[[Azinphos-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Azinphosmetile poisoning]]
*[[Azothoate poisoning]]
*[[Bacitracin]]
*[[Balance disorders]]
*[[Bali goli-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Baltic myoclonic epilepsy]]
*[[Baneberry poisoning]]
*[[Barbiturates]]
*[[Barbiturates]]
*[[Barley allergy]]
*[[Beta blockers]]
*[[Barotitis media]]
*[[Bicisate dihydrochloride]],
*[[Barthrin poisoning]]
*[[Bifascicular block]]
*[[Basilar artery insufficiency]]
*[[Bradyarrhythmia]]
*[[Basilar artery migraine]]
*[[Breath-holding spells|Breath holding spells]]
*[[Bean allergy]]
*[[Bell pepper allergy]]
*[[Benazepril]]
*[[Bendiocarb poisoning]]
*[[Benfuracarb poisoning]]
*[[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]]
*[[Benoxafos poisoning]]
*[[Bentazon poisoning]]
*[[Benzedrine]]
*[[Benzene poisoning]]
*[[Benzoate allergy]]
*[[Benzodiazepine poisoning]]
*[[Benzodiazepine toxicity]]
*[[Bepridil]]
*[[Bernheim syndrome]]
*[[Beta ketothiolase deficiency]]
*[[Beta-blockers]]
*[[Beta-cyfluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Beta-cypermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Betel nut toxicity]]
*[[Bethanechol]]
*[[Bevacizumab]]
*[[Bickerstaff's encephalitis]]
*[[Bifenthrin poisoning]]
*[[Bing-neel syndrome]]
*[[Bioallethrin poisoning]]
*[[Bioehtanomethrin poisoning]]
*[[Biopermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Bioresmethrin poisoning]]
*[[Biotinidase deficiency]]
*[[Bird cherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Bird of paradise poisoning]]
*[[Bismuth]]
*[[Bisoprolol]]
*[[Bitter almond seed poisoning]]
*[[Black cohosh toxicity]]
*[[Black henbane poisoning]]
*[[Black jetbead poisoning]]
*[[Black nightshade poisoning]]
*[[Bland-white-garland syndrome]]
*[[Blood donation]]
*[[Blood loss]]
*[[Blood phobia]]
*[[Blood transfusion]]
*[[Bloodletting]]
*[[Bloodroot poisoning]]
*[[Blue-ringed octopus poisoning]]
*[[Bog rosemary poisoning]]
*[[Bokhoor-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Bonefish poisoning]]
*[[Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome]]
*[[Boric acid poisoning]]
*[[Bortezomib]]
*[[Bosentan]]
*[[Botulism food poisoning]]
*[[Box jellyfish poisoning]]
*[[Boxwood poisoning]]
*[[Bradbury-eggleston syndrome]]
*[[Bradyarrhythmias]]
*[[Bradycardia]]
*[[Bradycardia/tachycardia syndrome]]
*[[Brain cancer]]
*[[Brain compression]]
*[[Brain concussion]]
*[[Brass instrument playing]]
*[[Brazil nut allergy]]
*[[Breath-holding spells]]
*[[Brimonidine]]
*[[Bristowe's syndrome]]
*[[Broad bean poisoning]]
*[[Bromates poisoning]]
*[[Bromide poisoning]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Bromoform poisoning]]
*[[Bromophos poisoning]]
*[[Bromophos-ethyl poisoning]]
*[[Brown recluse spider poisoning]]
*[[Brown snake poisoning]]
*[[Brown-Symmers disease]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
*[[Brugada syndrome]]
*[[Brun's syndrome]]
*[[Calcium channel blocker]]
*[[Bufencarb poisoning]]
*[[Carbon monoxide]]
*[[Buffalo pea poisoning]]
*[[Buprenorphine]]
*[[Burnett's syndrome]]
*[[Burning bush poisoning]]
*[[Bushmaster poisoning]]
*[[Buspirone]]
*[[Butacarb poisoning]]
*[[Butocarboxim poisoning]]
*[[Butorphanol]]
*[[Butoxcarboxim poisoning]]
*[[Butyl alcohol poisoning]]
*[[Butylamines poisoning]]
*[[Cabbage allergy]]
*[[Cadmium poisoning]]
*[[Cadusafos poisoning]]
*[[Calcium channel blockers]]
*[[Calcium hypochlorite poisoning]]
*[[Calcium polysulfide poisoning]]
*[[California encephalitis]]
*[[Camphor poisoning]]
*[[Candesartan]]
*[[Captopril]]
*[[Carageenan gum allergy]]
*[[Carbamate insecticide poisoning]]
*[[Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 deficiency]]
*[[Carbanolate poisoning]]
*[[Carbaryl poisoning]]
*[[Carbinoxamine poisoning]]
*[[Carbofuran poisoning]]
*[[Carbon disulfide poisoning]]
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Carbon tetrachloride poisoning]]
*[[Carbophenothion poisoning]]
*[[Carbosulfan poisoning]]
*[[Carcinamatous neuropathy]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
*[[Cardiac arrest]]
*[[Cardiac malformation]]
*[[Cardiac masses]]
*[[Cardiac tamponade]]
*[[Cardiac tamponade]]
*[[Cardiac valvular dysplasia]]
*[[Cardioauditory syndrome of Sanchez Cascos]]
*[[Cardiogenic shock]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Carmine allergy]]
*[[Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency]]
*[[Carnitine transporter deficiency]]
*[[Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency]]
*[[Carolina cherry laurel poisoning]]
*[[Carotid disorders]]
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]]
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]]
*[[Carp allergy]]
*[[Carrot allergy]]
*[[Carvedilol]]
*[[Cashew allergy]]
*[[Castor bean allergy]]
*[[Castor oil poisoning]]
*[[Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome]]
*[[Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Caulking products poisoning]]
*[[Channelopathy]]
*[[Cebagin-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Celandine poisoning]]
*[[Celery allergy]]
*[[Central ischemic response]]
*[[Central nervous system oxygen toxicity]]
*[[Cephaloridine]]
*[[Cephalosporin-induced immune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Ceramic production]]
*[[Cerebellar abscess]]
*[[Cerebral abscess]]
*[[Cerebral aneurysm]]
*[[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
*[[Cerebral hypoxia]]
*[[Cerebral malaria]]
*[[Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome]]
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
*[[Cervical spondylosis]]
*[[Cetuximab]]
*[[Chamomile tea allergy]]
*[[Channelopathies]]
*[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]]
*[[Chemical burn]]
*[[Chemical poisoning]]
*[[Cherry allergy]]
*[[Cherry laurel seed poisoning]]
*[[Cherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Chestnut allergy]]
*[[Chick pea allergy]]
*[[Chicken soup poisoning]]
*[[Chloralose poisoning]]
*[[Chlorate salts poisoning]]
*[[Chlorfenvinphos poisoning]]
*[[Chlorine poisoning]]
*[[Chlorobenzene poisoning]]
*[[Chloroform poisoning]]
*[[Chloromethane poisoning]]
*[[Chloropicrin poisoning]]
*[[Chloropyrifos poisoning]]
*[[Chlorpheniramine]]
*[[Chlorpheniramine]]
*[[Chlorpyrifos methyl poisoning]]
*[[Chlorpyrifos poisoning]]
*[[Chlortetracycline]]
*[[Chokecherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Choking game]]
*[[Choking game]]
*[[Cholesterol pericarditis]]
*[[Christmas cherry poisoning]]
*[[Chromium poisoning]]
*[[Chronic bifascicular and trifascicular block]]
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]]
*[[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]]
*[[Ciclesonide]]
*[[Ciguatera poisoning]]
*[[Cinnamon allergy]]
*[[Cinnarizine]]
*[[Cinnarizine]]
*[[Circadian rhythm sleep disorders]]
*[[Cisapride]]
*[[Cismethrin poisoning]]
*[[Cisplatin]]
*[[Citrullinemia]]
*[[Claviceps purpurea poisoning]]
*[[Clinitest tablet poisoning]]
*[[Cloethocarb poisoning]]
*[[Clofarabine]]
*[[Clomipramine toxicity]]
*[[Clonazepam toxicity]]
*[[Clonidine]]
*[[Clonidine]]
*[[Clupeotoxin poisoining]]
*[[Clupeotoxism]]
*[[Co-codamol]]
*[[Coarctation of the aorta]]
*[[Cobra poisoning]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Cocaine]]
*[[Cochleosaccular degeneration of the inner ear and progressive cataracts]]
*[[Atrioventricular block|Complete atrioventricular block]]
*[[Coconut allergy]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Codeine overdose]]
*[[Codfish allergy]]
*[[Cogan's syndrome]]
*[[Colchicine toxicity]]
*[[Cold antibody hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Cologne poisoning]]
*[[Combat stress reaction]]
*[[Common poppy poisoning]]
*[[Complete atrioventricular block]]
*[[Complex migraine headache]]
*[[Concussion]]
*[[Conduction delay]]
*[[Cone shell poisoning]]
*[[Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries]]
*[[Congenital antithrombin III deficiency]]
*[[Congenital aplastic anemia]]
*[[Congenital arteriovenous shunt]]
*[[Congenital cataract-progressive muscular hypotonia-hearing loss-developmental delay]]
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congenital hyperinsulinism]]
*[[Congenital short QT syndrome]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Conium maculatum poisoning]]
*[[Conn syndrome]]
*[[Conotruncal heart malformations]]
*[[Constrictive pericarditis]]
*[[Conversion disorder]]
*[[Copper poisoning]]
*[[Cor pulmonale]]
*[[Cor triatriatum]]
*[[Cordyceps-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Coriander allergy]]
*[[Corn cockle poisoning]]
*[[Coronary artery anomalies]]
*[[Corticosteroid-induced hypertension]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Cough]]
*[[Coumaphos poisoning]]
*[[Crab allergy]]
*[[Craniopharyngioma]]
*[[Crayfish allergy]]
*[[Creosote poisoning]]
*[[Cresols poisoning]]
*[[Cresylic acid poisoning]]
*[[Crowded places]]
*[[Cumin allergy]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[Cutaneous mastocytosis]]
*[[Cyanide poisoning]]
*[[Cyanogenic glycoside poisoning]]
*[[Cyanthoate poisoning]]
*[[Cycad poisoning]]
*[[Cyclethrin poisoning]]
*[[Cyclic antidepressant poisoning]]
*[[Cyclic vomiting syndrome]]
*[[Cyclohexanol poisoning]]
*[[Cyclohexanone poisoning]]
*[[Cyclohexylamine poisoning]]
*[[Cyclophosphamide]]
*[[Cyclosporin]]
*[[Cyfluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Cyhalothrin poisoning]]
*[[Cyllprothrin poisoning]]
*[[Cyphenothrin poisoning]]
*[[Cytisine poisoning]]
*[[Da Costa syndrome]]
*[[Daffodil poisoning]]
*[[Danon disease]]
*[[Daphne poisoning]]
*[[Darbepoetin alfa]]
*[[Darvocet overdose]]
*[[Date palm allergy]]
*[[Deafness, progressive with stapes fixation]]
*[[Death angel poisoning]]
*[[Death camas poisoning]]
*[[Decarbofuran poisoning]]
*[[Decompression sickness]]
*[[Deconditioning]]
*[[Defecation]]
*[[Defecation]]
*[[Deglutition]]
*[[Deglutition]]
*[[Degreasing solvents]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Delavirdine]]
*[[Desipramine]]
*[[Deltamethrin poisoning]]
*[[Dementia with lewy bodies]]
*[[Demerol overdose]]
*[[Demeton poisoning]]
*[[Demeton-o-methyl poisoning]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Demeton-s-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Demeton-s-methylsulphon poisoning]]
*[[Deoderant poisoning]]
*[[Depilatories poisoning]]
*[[Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia]]
*[[Depression]]
*[[Deshi dewa-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Desipramine toxicity]]
*[[Devil's trumpet poisoning]]
*[[Dexfenfluramine]]
*[[Dexmethylphenidate]]
*[[Dextro-transposition of the great arteries]]
*[[Dextroamphetamine]]
*[[Di-n-octyl phathalate poisoning]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
*[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
*[[Dialifos poisoning]]
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Diazepam toxicity]]
*[[Diazinon poisoning]]
*[[Diborane poisoning]]
*[[Dibromochloromethane poisoning]]
*[[Dichloroacetylene poisoning]]
*[[Dichloronaphthoquinone poisoning]]
*[[Dichlorphenamide poisoning]]
*[[Dichlorvos poisoning]]
*[[Diclofenac]]
*[[Dicresyl poisoning]]
*[[Dicrotophos poisoning]]
*[[Dieldrin poisoning]]
*[[Diesel oil poisoning]]
*[[Diethyl phthalate poisoning]]
*[[Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether poisoning]]
*[[Diethylene glycol poisoning]]
*[[Diethylpropion]]
*[[Digoxin]]
*[[Digoxin]]
*[[Dihydroergotamine]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Dilaudid overdose]]
*[[Diltiazem]]
*[[Dimefluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Dimetan poisoning]]
*[[Dimethoate poisoning]]
*[[Dimethrin poisoning]]
*[[Dimethyl phthalate poisoning]]
*[[Dimetilan poisoning]]
*[[Dinitrocresol poisoning]]
*[[Dinitrophenol poisoning]]
*[[Dioxacarb poisoning]]
*[[Dioxane poisoning]]
*[[Dioxathion poisoning]]
*[[Diphenhydramine]]
*[[Diphenhydramine]]
*[[Disopyramide toxicity]]
*[[Dissecting aneurysm]]
*[[Distributive shock]]
*[[Disulfiram toxicity]]
*[[Disulfoton poisoning]]
*[[Diuretics]]
*[[Diuretics]]
*[[Dolasetron mesylate]]
*[[Donepezil]]
*[[Dosulepin hydrochloride]]
*[[Dothiepin]]
*[[Dothiepin]]
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]
*[[Drop attack]]
*[[Double tachycardia induced by catecholamines]]
*[[Doxazosin]]
*[[Doxepin toxicity]]
*[[Drain cleaners poisoning]]
*[[Drainpipe cleaners poisoning]]
*[[Drop attacks]]
*[[Drug allergies]]
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension]]
*[[Drug-induced tachyarrhythmias]]
*[[Duloxetine]]
*[[Dysautonomia]]
*[[Dysautonomia]]
*[[Dysbarism]]
*[[Emotional stress]]
*[[Dysmenorrhea]]
*[[Epsilon wave]]
*[[Eagle's syndrome]]
*[[Erectile dysfunction medical therapy|Erectile dysfunction medications]]
*[[Earthball poisoning]]
*[[Eclampsia]]
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]]
*[[Efavirenz]]
*[[Eisenmenger's syndrome]]
*[[Electrical burns]]
*[[Electrocution]]
*[[Electrolyte abnormality]]
*[[Electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency]]
*[[Emberger syndrome]]
*[[Emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy]]
*[[Emotional distress (fear, pain, instrumentation, blood phobia)]]
*[[Empenthrin poisoning]]
*[[Emulsion paints poisoning]]
*[[Enalapril]]
*[[Encephalitis lethargica]]
*[[Endolymphatic sac tumors]]
*[[Endosulfan poisoning]]
*[[Endothion poisoning]]
*[[Enema]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
*[[English ivy poisoning]]
*[[English laurel poisoning]]
*[[Envenomization by the martinique lancehead viper]]
*[[Epilepsy]]
*[[Episodic ataxia]]
*[[Eplerenone]]
*[[Epoetin alfa]]
*[[Eprosartan]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus related fibromyalgia]]
*[[Erectile dysfunction medications]]
*[[Ergotamine]]
*[[Erythrosine allergy]]
*[[Esfenvalerate poisoning]]
*[[Essential thrombocythemia]]
*[[Esthesioneuroblastoma]]
*[[Ethanol]]
*[[Ethanol]]
*[[Ether poisoning]]
*[[Ferric Carboxymaltose]]
*[[Ethiofencarb poisoning]]
*[[Ganglionic blocker|Ganglionic blockers]]
*[[Ethion poisoning]]
*[[Ethoate-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Ethoprophos poisoning]]
*[[Ethyl mercaptan poisoning]]
*[[Ethyl-guthion poisoning]]
*[[Ethylamine poisoning]]
*[[Ethylbenzene poisoning]]
*[[Ethylene dichloride poisoning]]
*[[Ethylene glycol dinitrate poisoning]]
*[[Ethylene glycol poisoning]]
*[[Ethylene oxide poisoning]]
*[[Ethyleneamine poisoning]]
*[[Ethylenediamine poisoning]]
*[[Etonogestrel]]
*[[Etrimfos poisoning]]
*[[Eucalyptus oil poisoning]]
*[[Eugenol oil poisoning]]
*[[Eustachian tube disorders]]
*[[Excessive dieting]]
*[[Exertion]]
*[[Explosives production]]
*[[Extreme emotion]]
*[[Extreme fatigue]]
*[[Fainting from coughing]]
*[[Fainting from laughing]]
*[[Fainting from urinating]]
*[[Fainting from vomiting]]
*[[Familial atrial fibrillation]]
*[[Familial catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Familial hemiplegic migraine]]
*[[Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy]]
*[[Familial neurocardiogenic syncope]]
*[[Familial otosclerosis]]
*[[Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension]]
*[[Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]]
*[[Familial ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Farouk-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Fatal familial insomnia]]
*[[Favism]]
*[[Fear of bodily injury]]
*[[Fear of public speaking]]
*[[Fear]]
*[[Febrile seizures]]
*[[Felodipine]]
*[[Fenchlorphos poisoning]]
*[[Fenethacarb poisoning]]
*[[Fenfluramine]]
*[[Fenfluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Fenitrothion poisoning]]
*[[Fennel allergy]]
*[[Fenobucarb poisoning]]
*[[Fenpirithrin poisoning]]
*[[Fenpropathrin poisoning]]
*[[Fensulfothion poisoning]]
*[[Fentanyl toxicity]]
*[[Fenthion poisoning]]
*[[Fenvalerate poisoning]]
*[[Fexofenadine]]
*[[Fipronil poisoning]]
*[[Fir club moss poisoning]]
*[[Fire cherry poisoning]]
*[[First-dose phenomenon]]
*[[Fish allergy]]
*[[Flax poisoning]]
*[[Flocoumafen rodenticide poisoning]]
*[[Flucythrinate poisoning]]
*[[Flufenprox poisoning]]
*[[Fluticasone]]
*[[Fluvalinate poisoning]]
*[[Focal cerebral ischemia]]
*[[Focal seizures]]
*[[Folate-deficiency anemia]]
*[[Fonophos poisoning]]
*[[Food additive allergy]]
*[[Formaldehyde poisoning]]
*[[Formalin vapors inhalation]]
*[[Formoterol]]
*[[Formothion poisoning]]
*[[Fosamprenavir]]
*[[Fosinopril]]
*[[Foxglove poisoning]]
*[[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]]
*[[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]]
*[[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]]
*[[Funnel web spider poisoning]]
*[[Furathiocarb poisoning]]
*[[Furethrin poisoning]]
*[[Furniture polish poisoning]]
*[[Galantamine]]
*[[Gamma-cyhalothrin poisoning]]
*[[Ganglioglioma]]
*[[Ganglionic blockers]]
*[[Garlic allergy]]
*[[Gasoline poisoning]]
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*[[Gastrointestinal stimulation (swallow, defecation, visceral pain)]]
*[[Hair-grooming syncope|Hair combing]]
*[[Gatifloxacin]]
*[[Heat illness]]
*[[General vasodilatation]]
*[[Generalized anxiety disorder]]
*[[Generalized seizures]]
*[[Ghasard-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Gila lizard poisoning]]
*[[Ginkgo biloba toxicity]]
*[[Gitelman syndrome]]
*[[Glatiramer]]
*[[Glaze poisoning]]
*[[Glioma]]
*[[Gliosarcoma]]
*[[Glossopharyngeal nerve dysfunction]]
*[[Glucokinase deficiency]]
*[[Glue solvent vapors]]
*[[Glutamodehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Glutaric aciduria]]
*[[Glycine synthase deficiency]]
*[[Graft-versus-host disease]]
*[[Granisetron hydrochloride]]
*[[Grayanotoxin poisoning]]
*[[Greta-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Guanabenz]]
*[[Guanethidine]]
*[[Guanfacine]]
*[[Guar gum allergy]]
*[[Gum acacia allergy]]
*[[Gum allergy]]
*[[Gum tragacanth allergy]]
*[[Gusher syndrome]]
*[[Guthion poisoning]]
*[[Hair bleach poisoning]]
*[[Hair combing]]
*[[Hair dye poisoning]]
*[[Hairdressing solvents]]
*[[Halfenprox poisoning]]
*[[Hartnup disease]]
*[[Hashimoto's encephalopathy]]
*[[Hawthorn toxicity]]
*[[Hazelnut allergy]]
*[[Head injury]]
*[[Heat cramps]]
*[[Heat exhaustion]]
*[[Heat exposure]]
*[[Heatstroke]]
*[[Heavy metals poisoning]]
*[[Helium poisoning]]
*[[Hemangioblastoma]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Hemorrhage]]
*[[Hemorrhage]]
*[[Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome]]
*[[Hemorrhagic shock]]
*[[Henna-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Hepatic encephalopathy syndrome]]
*[[Heptachlor poisoning]]
*[[Heptenophos poisoning]]
*[[Herbicide poisoning]]
*[[Hereditary amyloidosis]]
*[[Hereditary carnitine deficiency]]
*[[Hereditary dysphasic disinhibition dementia]]
*[[Hereditary paroxysmal cerebral ataxia]]
*[[Heroin overdose]]
*[[Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene poisoning]]
*[[Hexachlorobutadiene poisoning]]
*[[Hexachlorocyclopentadiene poisoning]]
*[[Hexane poisoning]]
*[[High altitude cerebral edema]]
*[[High melting explosive poisoning]]
*[[HMG-CoA glyase deficiency]]
*[[Hobo spider poisoning]]
*[[Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency]]
*[[Hops allergy]]
*[[Hormonal changes]]
*[[Hormone replacement therapy]]
*[[Horse chestnuts poisoning]]
*[[Horse nettle poisoning]]
*[[Horseshoe crab poisoning]]
*[[Hot environment]]
*[[Hunger]]
*[[Hyacinth bean poisoning]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Hydrocarbons poisoning]]
*[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
*[[Hydrocodone overdose]]
*[[Hydrogen chloride poisoning]]
*[[Hydrogen fluoride poisoning]]
*[[Hydrogen sulfide inhalation]]
*[[Hydromorphone]]
*[[Hydroquinone poisoning]]
*[[Hydroxyzine]]
*[[Hydroxyzine]]
*[[Hyperaldosteronism-induced hypertension]]
*[[Hyperbradykininemia]]
*[[Hypercyanotic episodes]]
*[[Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria]]
*[[Hyperemesis gravidarum]]
*[[Hyperglycerolemia]]
*[[Hypernatremia]]
*[[Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome]]
*[[Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome]]
*[[Hyperosmolarity]]
*[[Hyperoxia]]
*[[Hypertensive encephalopathy]]
*[[Hyperthermia]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypertrophic neuropathy of Dejerine-Sottas]]
*[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]]
*[[Hyperventilation]]
*[[Hyperventilation]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis A]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Hypoadrenalism]]
*[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
*[[Hypocapnia]]
*[[Hypocapnia]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Hyponatremia]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Hypothalamic dysfunction]]
*[[Hypovolemic shock]]
*[[Hypoxemia]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
*[[Hypoxia]]
*[[Hyquincarb poisoning]]
*[[Hysteria|Hysterical faint]]
*[[Hysteria]]
*[[Implantable cardioverter defibrillator|Implanted cardioverter defibrillator malfunction]]
*[[Hysterical faint]]
*[[Interferon-gamma]]
*[[Hystero-epilepsy]]
*[[Ixabepilone]]
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Iloprost]]
*[[Imatinib]]
*[[Imazapyr poisoning]]
*[[Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome]]
*[[Imipramine toxicity]]
*[[Imiprothrin poisoning]]
*[[Implanted device malfunction]]
*[[Inappropriate sinus tachycardia]]
*[[Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]]
*[[Inborn urea cycle disorder]]
*[[Incense poisoning]]
*[[Infliximab]]
*[[Insect sting allergy]]
*[[Insecticide poisoning]]
*[[Insulinoma]]
*[[Interferon beta-1]]
*[[Internal bleeding]]
*[[Intoxication]]
*[[Intracranial embolism]]
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]
*[[Intrapartum eclampsia]]
*[[Iodofenphos poisoning]]
*[[Irbesartan]]
*[[Irish potato poisoning]]
*[[Irregular heart rhythm]]
*[[Ischemic cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Isocarboxazid]]
*[[Isoniazid toxicity]]
*[[Isoprocarb poisoning]]
*[[Isopropyl alcohol poisoning]]
*[[Isosorbide dinitrate]]
*[[Isosorbide mononitrate]]
*[[Isradipine]]
*[[Jamaican vomiting sickness]]
*[[Japanese boxwood poisoning]]
*[[Japanese pagoda tree poisoning]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*[[Jessamine poisoning]]
*[[Jewelry cleaner poisoning]]
*[[Jimsonweed poisoning]]
*[[Joubert syndrome]]
*[[Junctional escape beat]]
*[[Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma]]
*[[Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis]]
*[[Kentucky coffee tea poisoning]]
*[[Kerosene poisoning]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Kidney bean allergy]]
*[[King cobra poisoning]]
*[[Kiwi fruit allergy]]
*[[Klippel–Feil syndrome]]
*[[Kohl-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Kratom poisoning]]
*[[L-dopa]]
*[[L-dopa]]
*[[Labrynthitis]]
*[[Laughter-induced syncope|Laughing]]<ref name="Nishida-2008">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Nishida | first1 = K. | last2 = Hirota | first2 = SK. | last3 = Tokeshi | first3 = J. | title = Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report. | journal = J Med Case Rep | volume = 2 | issue =  | pages = 197 | month =  | year = 2008 | doi = 10.1186/1752-1947-2-197 | PMID = 18538031 }}</ref>
*[[Lacquer poisoning]]
*[[Lambda-cyhalothrin poisoning]]
*[[Lantana poisoning]]
*[[Latex allergies]]
*[[Laughing]]
*[[Lead mine]]
*[[Lead poisoning]]
*[[Lead smelting]]
*[[Lecithin allergy]]
*[[Left bundle branch block]]
*[[Legume allergy]]
*[[Lenten rose poisoning]]
*[[Lentil allergy]]
*[[Lettuce allergy]]
*[[Levalbuterol]]
*[[Levomethadyl]]
*[[Levorphanol]]
*[[Lewy body dementia]]
*[[Lewy body dementia]]
*[[Licorice-induced hypertension]]
*[[Long QT syndrome]]
*[[Lidocaine toxicity]]
*[[Liga-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Lighter fluid poisoning]]
*[[Lily-of-the-valley poisoning]]
*[[Lima bean allergy]]
*[[Linden tea allergy]]
*[[Lionfish poisoning]]
*[[Lisinopril]]
*[[Lithium toxicity]]
*[[Lizard poisoning]]
*[[Lobelia inflata poisoning]]
*[[Lobelia poisoning]]
*[[Lobeline poisoning]]
*[[Lobster allergy]]
*[[Local anaesthetic allergy]]
*[[Locust bean gum allergy]]
*[[Long QT gsyndrome]]
*[[Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Loop diuretics]]
*[[Loquat poisoning]]
*[[Lortab overdose]]
*[[Losartan]]
*[[Low blood pressure]]
*[[Low blood sugar]]
*[[Luiga-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Lupine poisoning]]
*[[Lychee allergy]]
*[[Lying on back during pregnancy]]
*[[Mackerel allergy]]
*[[Magnesium overdose]]
*[[Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia]]
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Malathion poisoning]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*[[Mango allergy]]
*[[Maple syrup urine disease]]
*[[Marchiafava-bignami disease]]
*[[Margosa oil poisoning]]
*[[Maria luisa-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Marine toxins]]
*[[Marine turtle poisoning]]
*[[Marsh marigold poisoning]]
*[[Massive blood loss]]
*[[Mastocytosis]]
*[[Mayapple poisoning]]
*[[Mecarbam poisoning]]
*[[Medication abuse]]
*[[Medium-chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome]]
*[[Melon allergy]]
*[[Meperidine]]
*[[Mercury poisoning]]
*[[Mescal poisoning]]
*[[Mesoridazine]]
*[[Metabolic acidosis]]
*[[Metal cleaner poisoning]]
*[[Metaldehyde poisoning]]
*[[Metastatic insulinoma]]
*[[Methacrifos poisoning]]
*[[Methadone overdose]]
*[[Methamidophos poisoning]]
*[[Methamphetamine overdose]]
*[[Methane poisoning]]
*[[Methanol poisoning]]
*[[Methemoglobin-producing agents]]
*[[Methemoglobinemia]]
*[[Methicillin]]
*[[Methidathion poisoning]]
*[[Methiocarb poisoning]]
*[[Methomyl poisoning]]
*[[Methotrexate]]
*[[Methyl bromide poisoning]]
*[[Methyl ethyl ketone poisoning]]
*[[Methyl mercaptan poisoning]]
*[[Methyl parathion poisoning]]
*[[Methyl tert-butyl ether poisoning]]
*[[Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Methylene chloride poisoning]]
*[[Methylmalonic acidemia]]
*[[Metiltriazotion poisoning]]
*[[Metipranolol]]
*[[Metofluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Metolcarb poisoning]]
*[[Metoprolol]]
*[[Mevinphos poisoning]]
*[[Mexacarbate poisoning]]
*[[Mexican beaded lizard poisoning]]
*[[Mexican tea poisoning]]
*[[Micturition]]
*[[Micturition]]
*[[Midazolam toxicity]]
*[[Migraine syndromes]]
*[[Milk allergy]]
*[[Minoxidil]]
*[[Misoprostol]]
*[[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]]
*[[Mitral stenosis]]
*[[Mitral stenosis]]
*[[Mitral valve prolapse]]
*[[AV block|Mobitz type II heart block]]
*[[Mobitz type II heart block]]
*[[Moccasin snake poisoning]]
*[[Moexipril]]
*[[Mohave rattle snake poisoning]]
*[[Mollusk allergy]]
*[[Monkshood poisoning]]
*[[Monocrotophos poisoning]]
*[[Monosodium glutamate]]
*[[Moricizine]]
*[[Morphine overdose]]
*[[Mosse syndrome]]
*[[Motion sickness]]
*[[Mould remover poisoning]]
*[[Mountain sickness]]
*[[Mouth wash poisoning]]
*[[Moyamoya disease]]
*[[Multifocal ventricular premature beats]]
*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]]
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]
*[[Mussel allergy]]
*[[Mustard leaf allergy]]
*[[Myelinopathies]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndromes]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Myocardial rupture]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Myotonia congenita]]
*[[Myxedema]]
*[[N-acetyl glutamate synthetase deficiency]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[N,N-dimethyl-P-toluidine poisoning]]
*[[Nabilone]]
*[[Nabilone]]
*[[Nadolol]]
*[[Niacin]]
*[[Naked brimcap poisoning]]
*[[Nilutamide]]
*[[Nalbuphine]]
*[[Naphtha poisoning]]
*[[Naphthalene poisoning]]
*[[Nasal decongestant-induced hypertension]]
*[[Naxos disease]]
*[[Neomycin]]
*[[Nesidioblastosis of pancreas]]
*[[Neurasthenia]]
*[[Neurogenic shock]]
*[[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
*[[Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome]]
*[[Neuropathy ataxia retinitis pigmentosa syndrome]]
*[[Nicardipine]]
*[[Nickel carbonyl poisoning]]
*[[Nicotiana tabacum toxicity]]
*[[Nicotine]]
*[[Nifedipine]]
*[[Nimodipine]]
*[[Nisoldipine]]
*[[Nitrates]]
*[[Nitrates]]
*[[Nitrobenzene poisoning]]
*[[Nitroethane poisoning]]
*[[Nitrofen poisoning]]
*[[Nitrogen dioxide poisoning]]
*[[Nitroglycerin poisoning]]
*[[Nitromethane poisoning]]
*[[Nitrophenol poisoning]]
*[[Nitrophenol urea poisoning]]
*[[Nitrotoluene poisoning]]
*[[Nitrous oxide poisoning]]
*[[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]]
*[[Nortriptyline]]
*[[Nortriptyline]]
*[[Novacaine drug allergy]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[O-anisidine poisoning]]
*[[Oat allergy]]
*[[Octopus poisoning]]
*[[Oil-based paint poisoning]]
*[[Olanzapine]]
*[[Oleander poisoning]]
*[[Olive allergy]]
*[[Olivopontocerebellar atrophy]]
*[[Olmesartan]]
*[[Omalizumab]]
*[[Omethoate poisoning]]
*[[Ondansetron]]
*[[Opiates]]
*[[Opiates]]
*[[Opium overdose]]
*[[Oprelvekin]]
*[[Oranges allergy]]
*[[Organic acidemia]]
*[[Organophosphate insecticide poisoning]]
*[[Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]]
*[[Orphenadrine]]
*[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
*[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
*[[Orthostatic intolerance]]
*[[Oxaprozin]]
*[[Orthostatic stress]]
*[[Parkinson disease]]
*[[Oven cleaners poisoning]]
*[[Oxaliplatin]]
*[[Oxamyl poisoning]]
*[[Oxycontin overdose]]
*[[Oxydeprofos poisoning]]
*[[Oxydisulfoton poisoning]]
*[[Oxytetracycline]]
*[[Ozone inhalation]]
*[[P-anisidine poisoning]]
*[[Pacemaker malfunctions]]
*[[Pacifiers induced allergies]]
*[[Painful stimuli]]
*[[Paint solvents]]
*[[Paint thinners]]
*[[Paliperidone]]
*[[Pamidronate]]
*[[Panic disorders]]
*[[Papaya allergy]]
*[[Paprika allergy]]
*[[Paralytic shellfish poisoning]]
*[[Paraphenylenediamine poisoning]]
*[[Paraquat ochratoxin a poisoning]]
*[[Parathion methyl poisoning]]
*[[Parathion poisoning]]
*[[Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure]]
*[[Paroxysmal dysrhythmia]]
*[[Paroxysmal familial ventricular fibrillation]]
*[[Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Parsley allergy]]
*[[Pea allergy]]
*[[Peach allergy]]
*[[Peach seed poisoning]]
*[[Peanut allergy]]
*[[Pear allergy]]
*[[Pecan allergy]]
*[[Penbutolol]]
*[[Pendred syndrome]]
*[[Penicillin allergy]]
*[[Pentaborane poisoning]]
*[[Pentachlorophenol poisoning]]
*[[Pentazocine]]
*[[Peppermint oil toxicity]]
*[[Perchloroethylene poisoning]]
*[[Percocet overdose]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Perilymphatic fistula]]
*[[Atrial flutter|Persistent atrial flutter]]
*[[Perindopril]]
*[[Persistent atrial flutter]]
*[[Pesticide solvents poisoning]]
*[[Petit mal epilepsy]]
*[[Pfic poisoning]]
*[[Phenelzine]]
*[[Phenkapton poisoning]]
*[[Phenol poisoning]]
*[[Phenothiazine poisoning]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Phenoxybenzamine]]
*[[Phentermine]]
*[[Pheochromocytoma]]
*[[Phlebotomy]]
*[[Phorate poisoning]]
*[[Phosalone poisoning]]
*[[Phosdrin poisoning]]
*[[Phosgene inhalation]]
*[[Phosmet poisoning]]
*[[Phosphamidon poisoning]]
*[[Phosphine poisoning]]
*[[Phoxim poisoning]]
*[[Phthalthrin poisoning]]
*[[Physiological lowering of blood pressure in pregnancy]]
*[[Pickwickian syndrome]]
*[[Pimozide]]
*[[Pine nut allergy]]
*[[Pine oil poisoning]]
*[[Pineapple allergy]]
*[[Pirimicarb poisoning]]
*[[Pirimiphos-methyl poisoning]]
*[[Pituitary apoplexy]]
*[[Pituitary tumors]]
*[[Plantain allergy]]
*[[Platinum toxicity]]
*[[Plum allergy]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Poison hemlock poisoning]]
*[[Poisonous snakebites]]
*[[Pollen allergy]]
*[[Polyethylene glycol poisoning]]
*[[Polygonum multiflorum toxicity]]
*[[Polymorphic catecholergic ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Polymyxin]]
*[[Polythiazide]]
*[[Pomegranates allergy]]
*[[Pool cleaners poisoning]]
*[[Porphyria]]
*[[Post-exercise]]
*[[Post-exercise]]
*[[Post-traumatic stress disorder]]
*[[Food coma|Postprandial hypotension]]
*[[Postconcussive syndrome]]
*[[Preexcitation syndrome]]
*[[Postoperative hemorrhage]]
*[[Bed rest|Prolonged bed rest]]
*[[Postoperative pulmonary embolism]]
*[[QT prolongation|Prolonged corrected QT interval]]
*[[Postoperative septicemia]]
*[[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures|Psychogenic pseudosyncope]]<ref name="Benbadis-2006">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Benbadis | first1 = SR. | last2 = Chichkova | first2 = R. | title = Psychogenic pseudosyncope: an underestimated and provable diagnosis. | journal = Epilepsy Behav | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 106-10 | month = Aug | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.02.011 | PMID = 16697264 }}</ref>
*[[Postpartum eclampsia]]
*[[Postprandial hypotension]]
*[[Postural hypotension]]
*[[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome]]
*[[Potassium deficiency]]
*[[Potato allergy]]
*[[Potomania]]
*[[Pottery making]]
*[[Prallethrin poisoning]]
*[[Pramipexole]]
*[[Prazosin]]
*[[Preexcitation syndromes]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Premenstrual syndrome]]
*[[Pressure on large blood vessels from gravid uterus]]
*[[Primaquine]]
*[[Primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Primary cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Primary fibromyalgia]]
*[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Primiphos methyl poisoning]]
*[[Profenofos poisoning]]
*[[Profluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Progesterone effect]]
*[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]]
*[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]
*[[Prolonged bed rest]]
*[[Prolonged corrected QT interval]]
*[[Prolonged standing]]
*[[Promacyl poisoning]]
*[[Promecarb poisoning]]
*[[Promethazine]]
*[[Propafenone]]
*[[Propane poisoning]]
*[[Propoxur poisoning]]
*[[Propylene glycol dinitrate poisoning]]
*[[Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors]]
*[[Prosthetic valves dysfunction]]
*[[Prothidathion poisoning]]
*[[Prothoate poisoning]]
*[[Protrifenbute poisoning]]
*[[Protriptyline]]
*[[Pseudoephedrine]]
*[[Pseudotumor cerebri]]
*[[Psychiatric disorders]]
*[[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures]]
*[[Psychogenic pseudosyncope]]
*[[Psychotic episode]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
*[[Pulmonary edema of mountaineers]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary hypoxic hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary supravalvular stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonic regurgitation]]
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonic stenosis]]
*[[Pumpkin allergy]]
*[[Pure autonomic failure]]
*[[Pyresmethrin poisoning]]
*[[Pyrethrin poisoning]]
*[[Pyrethroid poisoning]]
*[[Pyridine poisoning]]
*[[Pyrimidifen poisoning]]
*[[Pyrimitate poisoning]]
*[[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]]
*[[Quetiapine]]
*[[Quinalphos poisoning]]
*[[Quinapril]]
*[[Quinidine toxicity]]
*[[Quinidine-induced immune hemolytic anemia]]
*[[Quinoline yellow allergy]]
*[[Quintiofos poisoning]]
*[[Quintozene poisoning]]
*[[Quorn allergy]]
*[[Ramipril]]
*[[Ranolazine]]
*[[Rapid change in position from lying to standing]]
*[[Rapid gastric emptying]]
*[[Rasagiline]]
*[[Rattle snake poisoning]]
*[[Rdx poisoning]]
*[[Reaction to the sight of blood]]
*[[Red whelk poisoning]]
*[[Red-berried elder poisoning]]
*[[Reishi mushroom toxicity]]
*[[Renovascular hypertension]]
*[[Reserpine]]
*[[Respiratory alkalosis]]
*[[Respiratory failure]]
*[[Retroperitoneal hemorrhage]]
*[[Retroperitoneal hemorrhage]]
*[[Rhabdomyoma]]
*[[Rhamnus purshiana poisoning]]
*[[Rhodotoxin poisoning]]
*[[Rice allergy]]
*[[Rifampin]]
*[[Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction]]
*[[Ringed seal poisoning]]
*[[Risperidone]]
*[[Ritalin overdose]]
*[[Rituximab]]
*[[Rivastigmine]]
*[[Romano-Ward syndrome]]
*[[Ropinirole]]
*[[Rue toxicity]]
*[[Rueda-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
*[[Rye allergy]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism classification|Saddle embolus]]
*[[Sabah vegetable toxicity]]
*[[AV block|Second degree AV block]]
*[[Saddle embolus]]
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Saffron allergy]]
*[[Short QT syndrome|Short corrected QT interval]]
*[[Salicytes allergy]]
*[[Salmeterol]]
*[[Salmon allergy]]
*[[Salsalate]]
*[[Santrinj-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Saoot-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Saponin]]
*[[Scallop allergy]]
*[[SCHAD deficiency]]
*[[Scombroid syndrome]]
*[[Sea sickness]]
*[[Seafood allergy]]
*[[Second degree AV block]]
*[[Sedative hypnotic drug poisoning]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Seizure disorder]]
*[[Selegiline]]
*[[Selenious acid poisoning]]
*[[Selenium poisoning]]
*[[Self-induced water intoxication and schizophrenic disorders]]
*[[Senna toxicity]]
*[[Sensory ataxia]]
*[[Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis]]
*[[Septic shock]]
*[[Serotonin syndrome]]
*[[Sertraline]]
*[[Sesame allergy]]
*[[Severe coughing spasm]]
*[[Shellfish allergy]]
*[[Shock]]
*[[Short corrected QT interval]]
*[[Short QT syndrome]]
*[[Short QT syndrome]]
*[[Shrimp allergy]]
*[[Shy-Drager Syndrome]]
*[[Sibutramine]]
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
*[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
*[[Sight of blood]]
*[[Hypovolemia|Significant blood loss]]
*[[Significant sinus pause]]
*[[Sinoatrial arrest|Significant sinus pause]]
*[[Silafluofen poisoning]]
*[[Sildenafil]]
*[[Silicon compounds poisoning]]
*[[Sino-auricular heart block]]
*[[Sinus arrhythmia]]
*[[Sinus bradycardia]]
*[[Sinus node disease]]
*[[Sinus node dysfunction]]
*[[Sinus tachycardia]]
*[[Situational]]
*[[Snail allergy]]
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sneddon syndrome]]
*[[Sneeze]]
*[[Sneeze]]
*[[Sodium azide poisoning]]
*[[Sodium oxybate]]
*[[Sodium hypochlorite poisoning]]
*[[Spinal cord injury]]
*[[Sodium monofluoroacetate poisoning]]
*[[Solanine poisoning]]
*[[Solifenacin]]
*[[Somatization disorder]]
*[[Sophamide poisoning]]
*[[Soy allergy]]
*[[Soybean allergy]]
*[[Spice allergy]]
*[[Spider bites]]
*[[Spincal cord injury]]
*[[Spironolactone]]
*[[Splenic rupture]]
*[[Spotted water hemlock poisoning]]
*[[Standing for long periods of time]]
*[[Standing too long in a warm place]]
*[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
*[[Steal syndrome]]
*[[Stendhal syndrome]]
*[[Stoddard solvent poisoning]]
*[[Strain rhythm]]
*[[Straining on the toilet]]
*[[Strawberry allergy]]
*[[Stress]]
*[[Stretching]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Structural abnormalities of the heart]]
*[[Stuffy atmosphere]]
*[[Styrene poisoning]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
*[[Subclavian steal syndrome]]
*[[Subclavian steal syndrome]]
*[[Subependymoma]]
*[[Supraventricular tachycardia|Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia]]
*[[Sudden arrhythmia death syndrome]]
*[[Sudden change in position]]
*[[Sulfa antibiotics allergy]]
*[[Sulfite allergy]]
*[[Sulfotep poisoning]]
*[[Sulfur dioxide inhalation]]
*[[Sulfur trioxide poisoning]]
*[[Sulindac]]
*[[Sulphite allergy]]
*[[Sulphite derivative allergy]]
*[[Sulphite toxicity]]
*[[Sulphonamides]]
*[[Sumatriptan]]
*[[Sunflower seeds allergy]]
*[[Sunset yellow allergy]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Supine hypotensive syndrome]]
*[[Supravalvular aortic stenosis]]
*[[Supraventricular arrhythmia]]
*[[Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias]]
*[[Supraventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Surma-induced lead poisoning]]
*[[Sympathectomy]]
*[[Syncopal paroxysmal tachycardia]]
*[[Syncopal tachyarrhythmia]]
*[[Systemic capillary leak syndrome]]
*[[Systemic mastocytosis]]
*[[Systemic monochloroacetate poisoning]]
*[[Tacharrhythmia]]
*[[Tachycardia]]
*[[Takayasu's arteritis]]
*[[Takayasu's arteritis]]
*[[Tamsulosin]]
*[[Tiagabine]]
*[[Tapioca poisoning]]
*[[Tar remover poisoning]]
*[[Tartrazine allergy]]
*[[Tau-fluvalinate poisoning]]
*[[Tazimcarb poisoning]]
*[[Tefluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Tegaserod]]
*[[Telithromycin]]
*[[Telmisartan]]
*[[Terazosin]]
*[[Terbufos poisoning]]
*[[Teriparatide]]
*[[Test anxiety]]
*[[Tetrachloroethane poisoning]]
*[[Tetrachloroethylene poisoning]]
*[[Tetraethyl pyrophosphate poisoning]]
*[[Tetrahydrofuran poisoning]]
*[[Tetralogy of fallot]]
*[[Tetramethrin poisoning]]
*[[Tetramethylammonium hydroxide poisoning]]
*[[Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine poisoning]]
*[[Tetranortriterpene poisoning]]
*[[Tetraodon poisoning]]
*[[Texas mescalbean poisoning]]
*[[Thallium poisoning]]
*[[Thallium sulfate poisoning]]
*[[Theta-cypermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Thiocarboxime poisoning]]
*[[Thiodicarb poisoning]]
*[[Thiofanox poisoning]]
*[[Thioglycolic acid poisoning]]
*[[Thiometon poisoning]]
*[[Thioridazine]]
*[[Thiram poisoning]]
*[[Third degree heart block]]
*[[Thornapple poisoning]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Thyme allergy]]
*[[Thyrotoxic coma]]
*[[Tianeptine]]
*[[Timolol]]
*[[Ting kung teng toxicity]]
*[[Tolclofos methyl poisoning]]
*[[Tolterodine toxicity]]
*[[Toluene poisoning]]
*[[Tomato allergy]]
*[[Topiramate]]
*[[Topoisomerase type II inhibitor]]
*[[Toxemia of pregnancy]]
*[[Toxic mushrooms]]
*[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
*[[Tralomethrin poisoning]]
*[[Tramadol toxicity]]
*[[Trandolapril]]
*[[Transfluthrin poisoning]]
*[[Transient ischemic attack]]
*[[Transient ischemic attack]]
*[[Transpermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Trauma|Trauma with significant blood loss]]
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]
*[[Tranylcypromine]]
*[[Trastuzumab]]
*[[Trauma with significant blood loss]]
*[[Traumatic brain injury]]
*[[Trazodone]]
*[[Tree nuts allergy]]
*[[Triamterene]]
*[[Triazolam toxicity]]
*[[Triazophos poisoning]]
*[[Triazotion poisoning]]
*[[Trichlorfon poisoning]]
*[[Trichloroethane poisoning]]
*[[Trichloroethylene poisoning]]
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]
*[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
*[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
*[[Triethylene glycol poisoning]]
*[[Trifascicular block]]
*[[Trifenfos poisoning]]
*[[Trimethacarb poisoning]]
*[[Trimethoprim]]
*[[Trimipramine toxicity]]
*[[Tropical reef crab poisoning]]
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]
*[[Tungsten poisoning]]
*[[Turnip allergy]]
*[[Turpentine oil poisoning]]
*[[Uhl anomaly]]
*[[Ultram overdose]]
*[[Ultram withdrawal]]
*[[Unverricht–Lundborg disease]]
*[[Urea cycle disorders]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Uremia]]
*[[Uremic encephalopathy]]
*[[Vagal stimulation]]
*[[Urination]]
*[[Uterine rupture]]
*[[Valsalva maneuver]]
*[[Valsalva maneuver]]
*[[Valsartan]]
*[[Valvar aortic stenosis]]
*[[Valve thrombus]]
*[[Valvular dysplasia]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]
*[[Vamidothion poisoning]]
*[[Vanishing white matter leukodystrophy]]
*[[Vardenafil]]
*[[Variceal bleeding]]
*[[Vascular malformations of the brain]]
*[[Vascular steal syndrome]]
*[[Vaso-vagal episode]]
*[[Vasodilators]]
*[[Vasodilators]]
*[[Vegetable oil allergy]]
*[[Ventricular arrhythmia]]
*[[Venous pooling with prolonged standing]]
*[[Ventricular arrhythmias]]
*[[Ventricular bigeminy]]
*[[Ventricular extrasystoles perodactyly robin sequence]]
*[[Ventricular familial preexcitation syndrome]]
*[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
*[[Ventricular hypertrophy]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]]
*[[Verapamil]]
*[[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency]]
*[[Veratum alkaloid poisoning]]
*[[Vertebral subluxation]]
*[[Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency]]
*[[Vertebrobasilar steal]]
*[[Very long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency]]
*[[Vestibular neuritis]]
*[[Vestibulocochlear nerve diseases]]
*[[Vicodin overdose]]
*[[Vinyl choride poisoning]]
*[[Violent coughing]]
*[[Volume loss]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[Vomiting]]
*[[von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]]
*[[Physical exercise|Weightlifting]]
*[[Vorinostat]]
*[[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]
*[[Wallenberg's syndrome]]
*[[Walnuts allergy]]
*[[Walrus poisoning]]
*[[Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome]]
*[[Watermelon allergy]]
*[[Weightlifting]]
*[[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]]
*[[Wheat allergy]]
*[[Whiplash injuries]]
*[[White snakeroot poisoning]]
*[[Wild cherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Wild lima bean poisoning]]
*[[Window cleaner poisoning]]
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
*[[Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]]
*[[Xanax overdose]]
*[[Xanthan gum allergy]]
*[[Xemilofiban]]
*[[Xylene poisoning]]
*[[Xylylcarb poisoning]]
*[[Zaleplon toxicity]]
*[[Zeta-cypermethrin poisoning]]
*[[Zinc phosphide poisoning]]
*[[Ziprasidone]]
*[[Zonisamide]]
*[[Zucchini allergy]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


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[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
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[[Category:Neurology]]
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Latest revision as of 16:19, 20 January 2021

Syncope Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Syncope from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

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Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

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Case #1

Syncope causes On the Web

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Syncope causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2] Sara Zand, M.D.[3]

Overview

Peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output are the two main determinants for the presentation of syncope. autonomic nervous system impairment due to drugs or an autonomic failure, can lead to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Reflex activity impairment may also cause a decrease of peripheral vascular resistance, as the body normal compensation reflexes fail. The decrease in cardiac output may be due to venous pooling, cardioinhibitory reflexes, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, and volume depletion leading to diminished venous return, among others.

Causes

Peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output are the two main determinants for the presentation of syncope. autonomic nervous system impairment due to drugs or an autonomic failure, can lead to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Reflex activity impairment may also cause a decrease of peripheral vascular resistance, as the body normal compensation reflexes fail. Decrease in cardiac output may be due to venous pooling, cardioinhibitory reflexes, arrhythmia, hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and volume depletion leading to diminished venous return, among others.

Life threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.[1]

Arrhythmia causes of syncope Cardiovascular non arrhythmia causes of syncope Non cardiac causes of syncope
  • Sustained or symptomatic VT
  • Symptomatic conduction system disease or Mobitz II or third-degree heart block
  • Symptomatic bradycardia or sinus pauses not related to neurally mediated syncope
  • Symptomatic SVT
  • Pacemaker/ICD malfunction
  • Inheritable cardiac conditions predisposing to arrhythmias

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute coronary syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis, Adams-Stokes syndrome, anomalous origins of coronary arteries, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, aortic stenosis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, atrial myxoma, atrioventricular block, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, bifascicular block, bradyarrhythmia, brugada syndrome, cardiac tamponade, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, channelopathy, complete atrioventricular block, dehydration, dilated cardiomyopathy, epsilon wave, hemorrhage, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotension, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, long QT syndrome, mitral stenosis,Meprobamate, orthostatic hypotension, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, persistent atrial flutter, preexcitation syndrome, prolonged corrected QT interval, pulmonic stenosis, retroperitoneal hemorrhage, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, saddle embolus, second degree AV block, short corrected QT interval, short QT syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, significant sinus pause, subclavian steal syndrome, supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, third degree heart block, tuberculin,ventricular arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning Carbon monoxide, cocaine, ethanol
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect ACE inhibitor, Alfuzosin, alpha blockers, amitriptyline, Amobarbital sodium, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, antiemetics, antihypertensive medications, antipsychotic agents, barbiturates, beta blockers, Bicalutamide, bicisate dihydrochloride,bromocriptine, calcium channel blocker, Chlordiazepoxide, chlorpheniramine, cinnarizine, Clomifene, clonidine, clozapine, desipramine, digoxin, diphenhydramine, disulfiram, diuretics, dothiepin, Dolasetron mesylate, erectile dysfunction medications, Ferric Carboxymaltose,Folinic acid, ganglionic blocker, hydralazine, Hydrocortisone, hydroxyzine, Iloperidone, Interferon-gamma, Ixabepilone, Lacosamide, Levalbuterol, L-dopa, Loxapine, Meropenem, Methocarbamol, Mitomycin, Nabilone, nabumetone, Niacin, Nilutamide, nitrates, nortriptyline, olanzapine opiates, orphenadrine, oxazepam, oxcarbazepine, Pentamidine, Pergolide, prednisolone, Isethionate, Oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, phenothiazines, rifaximin, Ritonavir, ropinirole, Rotigotine, Secobarbital sodium, sertraline, Sodium oxybate, Sodium aurothiomalate, sulindac, Tiagabine, tricyclic antidepressants, Trospium, vasodilators, zolmitriptan, zonisamide, Calcium gluconate, Cefaclor
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Gastrointestinal bleeding
Genetic Channelopathy
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Carotid sinus hypersensitivity, dysautonomia, Lewy body dementia, multiple system atrophy, parkinson disease, seizure, spinal cord injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, vagal stimulation, vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Atrial myxoma, carcinoid syndrome
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa, anxiety, emotional stress, hysterical faint, psychogenic pseudosyncope
Pulmonary Hypoxia
Renal/Electrolyte Uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Anaphylaxis, Takayasu's arteritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Breath holding spells, choking game, cough, defecation, deglutition, drop attack, hair combing, heat illness, hyperventilation, hypocapnia, hypoglycemia, implanted cardioverter defibrillator malfunction, laughing, micturition, post-exercise, postprandial hypotension, prolonged bed rest, sneeze, significant blood loss, valsalva maneuver, vomiting, weightlifting

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Shen, Win-Kuang; Sheldon, Robert S.; Benditt, David G.; Cohen, Mitchell I.; Forman, Daniel E.; Goldberger, Zachary D.; Grubb, Blair P.; Hamdan, Mohamed H.; Krahn, Andrew D.; Link, Mark S.; Olshansky, Brian; Raj, Satish R.; Sandhu, Roopinder Kaur; Sorajja, Dan; Sun, Benjamin C.; Yancy, Clyde W. (2017). "2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society". Circulation. 136 (5). doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000499. ISSN 0009-7322.
  2. ↑ Prandoni, Paolo; Lensing, Anthonie W.A.; Prins, Martin H.; Ciammaichella, Maurizio; Perlati, Marica; Mumoli, Nicola; Bucherini, Eugenio; Visonà, Adriana; Bova, Carlo; Imberti, Davide; Campostrini, Stefano; Barbar, Sofia (2016-10-20). "Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism among Patients Hospitalized for Syncope". New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (16): 1524–1531. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602172. ISSN 1533-4406 0028-4793, 1533-4406 Check |issn= value (help). Retrieved 2016-10-21.
  3. ↑ Khoo, C.; Chakrabarti, S.; Arbour, L.; Krahn, AD. (2013). "Recognizing life-threatening causes of syncope". Cardiol Clin. 31 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.10.005. PMID 23217687. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Kapoor, WN. (2000). "Syncope". N Engl J Med. 343 (25): 1856–62. doi:10.1056/NEJM200012213432507. PMID 11117979. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Nishida, K.; Hirota, SK.; Tokeshi, J. (2008). "Laugh syncope as a rare sub-type of the situational syncopes: a case report". J Med Case Rep. 2: 197. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-2-197. PMID 18538031.
  6. ↑ Benbadis, SR.; Chichkova, R. (2006). "Psychogenic pseudosyncope: an underestimated and provable diagnosis". Epilepsy Behav. 9 (1): 106–10. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.02.011. PMID 16697264. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
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