Accommodative insufficiency: Difference between revisions
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*[[Extreme fatigue]] | *[[Extreme fatigue]] | ||
*[[Eye strain]] | *[[Eye strain]] | ||
*[[Fragile X syndrome]]<ref> | *[[Fragile X syndrome]]<ref name="pmid7629369">{{cite journal| author=Amin VR, Maino DM| title=The fragile X female: a case report of the visual, visual perceptual, and ocular health findings. | journal=J Am Optom Assoc | year= 1995 | volume= 66 | issue= 5 | pages= 290-5 | pmid=7629369 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7629369 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Head trauma]] | *[[Head trauma]] | ||
*High [[stress]] | *High [[stress]] | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
*Inability of the ciliary body to contract | *Inability of the ciliary body to contract | ||
*[[Influenza]] | *[[Influenza]] | ||
*Left [[middle cerebral artery]] | *Left [[middle cerebral artery]] occlusion<ref name="pmid3394770">{{cite journal| author=Ohtsuka K, Maekawa H, Takeda M, Uede N, Chiba S| title=Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery occlusion. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1988 | volume= 106 | issue= 1 | pages= 60-4 | pmid=3394770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3394770 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Malnutrition]] | *[[Malnutrition]] | ||
*[[Measles]] | *[[Measles]] | ||
*[[Mild traumatic brain injury]]<ref>http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html</ref> | *[[Mild traumatic brain injury]]<ref>http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html</ref> | ||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | *[[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
*[[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8583227</ref> | *[[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref name="pmid8583227">{{cite journal| author=Matsui M, Enoki M, Matsui Y, Oono S, Ohta M, Suenaga A et al.| title=Seronegative myasthenia gravis associated with atonic urinary bladder and accommodative insufficiency. | journal=J Neurol Sci | year= 1995 | volume= 133 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 197-9 | pmid=8583227 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8583227 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Myopia]] | *[[Myopia]] | ||
*[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | *[[Myotonic dystrophy]] | ||
| Line 168: | Line 168: | ||
*Sclerosis of the crystalline lens | *Sclerosis of the crystalline lens | ||
*Senile [[cataract]] | *Senile [[cataract]] | ||
*[[Spasm of accommodation]]<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884172</ref> | *[[Spasm of accommodation]]<ref name="pmid6884172">{{cite journal| author=Daum KM| title=Accommodative dysfunction. | journal=Doc Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 177-98 | pmid=6884172 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6884172 }} </ref> | ||
*Sulphasalazine<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8102809</ref> | *Sulphasalazine<ref name="pmid8102809">{{cite journal| author=Magnus JH, Elverland HH, Olsen EG, Husby G| title=Facial palsy and partial accommodative insufficiency associated with sulphasalazine treatment in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=Scand J Rheumatol | year= 1993 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 199-201 | pmid=8102809 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8102809 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Thyroid disease]] | *[[Thyroid disease]] | ||
*[[Uveitis]] | *[[Uveitis]] | ||
*Video display terminals (VDT) users<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8888886</ref> | *Video display terminals (VDT) users<ref name="pmid8888886">{{cite journal| author=Scheiman M| title=Accommodative and binocular vision disorders associated with video display terminals: diagnosis and management issues. | journal=J Am Optom Assoc | year= 1996 | volume= 67 | issue= 9 | pages= 531-9 | pmid=8888886 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8888886 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Whiplash]] injuries | *[[Whiplash]] injuries | ||
*[[Whooping cough]] | *[[Whooping cough]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:20, 17 July 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Approximately 80 percent of children diagnosed with CI (convergence insufficiency) also demonstrate AI.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Aging
- Altitude
- Amblyopia
- Anemia
- Antidepressants
- Antihistamines
- Arteriosclerosis
- Astigmatism
- Cerebral palsy[6]
- Chronic alcoholism
- Convergence insufficiency
- Cycloplegia
- Decompression sickness[7]
- Diabetes mellitus
- Down syndrome[6]
- Extreme fatigue
- Eye strain
- Fragile X syndrome[8]
- Head trauma
- High stress
- Hyperopia
- Idiopathic
- Inability of the ciliary body to contract
- Influenza
- Left middle cerebral artery occlusion[9]
- Malnutrition
- Measles
- Mild traumatic brain injury[10]
- Multiple sclerosis
- Myasthenia gravis[11]
- Myopia
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Ocular inflammation
- Presbyopia[6]
- Pseudomyopia
- Ritalin
- Sclerosis of the crystalline lens
- Senile cataract
- Spasm of accommodation[12]
- Sulphasalazine[13]
- Thyroid disease
- Uveitis
- Video display terminals (VDT) users[14]
- Whiplash injuries
- Whooping cough
References
- ↑ Duke-Elder S. System of Ophthalmology, vol V Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction. St Louis, Mosby, 1970 451- 486.
- ↑ Cooper J. Accommodative dysfunction. In: Amos JF. Diagnosis and management in Vision Care. Boston: Butterworths, 1987 431-54.
- ↑ Daune A. Anomalies of Accommodation clinically considered. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1913 1 386- 400.
- ↑ Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical management of binocular vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye movement disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002: 334-369.
- ↑ Daum KM. Accommodative insuffi ciency. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1983a 60 352-359.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Roche O, Roumes C, Parsa C (2007). "[Techniques for measuring phakic and pseudophakic accommodation. Methodology for distinguishing between neurological and mechanical accommodative insufficiency]". J Fr Ophtalmol. 30 (9): 953–60. PMID 18046282.
- ↑ Lieppman ME (1981). "Accommodative and convergence insufficiency after decompression sickness". Arch Ophthalmol. 99 (3): 453–6. PMID 7213164.
- ↑ Amin VR, Maino DM (1995). "The fragile X female: a case report of the visual, visual perceptual, and ocular health findings". J Am Optom Assoc. 66 (5): 290–5. PMID 7629369.
- ↑ Ohtsuka K, Maekawa H, Takeda M, Uede N, Chiba S (1988). "Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery occlusion". Am J Ophthalmol. 106 (1): 60–4. PMID 3394770.
- ↑ http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/10/473/Green.html
- ↑ Matsui M, Enoki M, Matsui Y, Oono S, Ohta M, Suenaga A; et al. (1995). "Seronegative myasthenia gravis associated with atonic urinary bladder and accommodative insufficiency". J Neurol Sci. 133 (1–2): 197–9. PMID 8583227.
- ↑ Daum KM (1983). "Accommodative dysfunction". Doc Ophthalmol. 55 (3): 177–98. PMID 6884172.
- ↑ Magnus JH, Elverland HH, Olsen EG, Husby G (1993). "Facial palsy and partial accommodative insufficiency associated with sulphasalazine treatment in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis". Scand J Rheumatol. 22 (4): 199–201. PMID 8102809.
- ↑ Scheiman M (1996). "Accommodative and binocular vision disorders associated with video display terminals: diagnosis and management issues". J Am Optom Assoc. 67 (9): 531–9. PMID 8888886.