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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{SI}} | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
| | {{Disequilibrium}} |
| {{CMG}}; {{VR}} | | {{CMG}}; {{VR}} |
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| {{SK}} Loss of balance; imbalance; off balance; unsteadiness | | {{SK}} Bad balance; chronic dizziness; imbalance; instability; loss of balance; off balance; unsteadiness |
| ==Overview==
| |
| '''Disequilibrium''' refers to an impaired sense or absence of balance or [[equilibrioception]], which primarily occurs during standing or walking usually without any cephalic sensations like headache, nausea and vomiting. It is one among the causes of [[dizziness]]<ref name="urlChapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient">{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dons/part_2/chapter_14.html#chpt_14_presyncope |title=Chapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient |format= |work= |accessdate=2009-08-06}}</ref> and is often accompanied by spatial disorientation.
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| ==Causes== | | ==[[Disequilibrium overview|Overview]]== |
| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| ===Common Causes===
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| ===Causes by Organ System===
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| {|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Acute coronary syndrome]], [[arrhythmia]], [[arteriosclerosis]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[congestive cardiac failure]], [[dehydration]], [[hypertension]], [[hypotension]], [[microscopic polyangiitis]], [[past myocardial infarction]], [[postural hypotension]], [[rapidly assuming an upright position]], [[transient ischaemic attack]], [[vasculitic neuropathy]], [[vertebrobasilar dissection]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrylamide]], [[arsenic]], [[gamma-diketone hexacarbons]], [[heavy metals]], [[inhalation of irritants]], [[konzo]], [[lead]], [[mercury]], [[methanol]], [[organophosphates]], [[salicylate poisoning]], [[toxic neuropathy]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aminophylline]], [[amiodarone]], [[amphotericin B]], [[antihypertensives]], [[antibiotics]], [[anticholinergics]], [[anticonvulsants]], [[antidepressants]], [[aspirin]], [[aurothioglucose]], [[biguanide]], [[bortezomib]], [[capecitabine]], [[carbachol]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], [[celecoxib]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[cinnarizine]], [[cisplatin]], [[clomifene]], [[colchicine]], [[dapsone]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[disulfiram]], [[diuretics]], [[ethambutol]], [[ethotoin]], [[fluorouracil]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[isoniazid]], [[ixabepilone]], [[lamivudine]], [[leflunomide]], [[linezolid]], [[lithium]], [[mefloquine]], [[melarsoprol]], [[metronidazole]], [[nalidixic acid ]], [[neuroleptics]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[nortriptyline]], [[nucleoside analogues]], [[oxaliplatin]], [[paclitaxel]], [[phenylbutazone]], [[phenytoin]], [[physostigmine]], [[postvaccinal]], [[prochlorperazine]], [[pyridoxine]], [[rofecoxib]], [[sedatives]], [[stavudine]], [[suramin]], [[taxol]], [[thallium]], [[toluene]], [[trabectedin]], [[tranquilizers]], [[verteporfin]], [[vigabatrin]], [[vincristine]]
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| |- | |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Impaired hearing]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acromegaly]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[diabetic amyotrophy]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[diabetic radiculopathy]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[phaeochromocytoma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Altitude sickness]], [[cold exposure]], [[electrical injury]], [[heat stroke]], [[lathyrism]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[hepatic cirrhosis]], [[hepatic myelopathy ]], [[intestinal fistula]], [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[pyloric stenosis]], [[topical sprue]], [[viral hepatitis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[3-methylglutaconic aciduria]], [[4H syndrome]], [[abetalipoproteinemia]], [[adrenoleukodystrophy]], [[adrenomyeloneuropathy]], [[alpha-mannosidase deficiency]], [[alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency]], [[Andermann syndrome]], [[argininosuccinic aciduria]], [[arylsulphatase a deficiency]], [[aspartoacylase deficiency]], [[ataxia-telangiectasia]], [[ATP6V0A2-related cutis laxa]], [[bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria]], [[biotinidase deficiency]], [[carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency]], [[carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]], [[CCFDN syndrome]], [[Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia]], [[Christianson syndrome]], [[Coach syndrome]], [[Cockayne syndrome]], [[coenzyme Q10 deficiency]], [[dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy]], [[Fabry's disease]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[Friedrich's ataxia]], [[Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome]], [[glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[GM2 gangliosidosis]], [[Griscelli syndrome type 2]], [[Haw river syndrome]], [[hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy]], [[Huntington disease]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Joubert syndrome]], [[Loken senior syndrome]], [[Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome]], [[MELAS]], [[MERRF]], [[multiple carboxylase deficiency]], [[Navajo neurohepatopathy]], [[phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency]], [[Pitt-Hopkins syndrome]], [[progressive external ophthalmoplegia]], [[Refsum disease]], [[Revesz syndrome]], [[Roussy-Levy disease]], [[Sandhoff disease ]], [[SeSAME syndrome]], [[Silver syndrome]], [[Troyer syndrome]], [[Unverricht-Lundborg disease]], [[Van der Knaap disease]], [[Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anemia]], [[glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency]], [[haemochromatosis]], [[leukemia]], [[multiple myeloma]], [[pernicious anemia]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[sideroblastic anemia ]], [[solitary plasmacytoma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis]], [[acute necrotizing myelopathy]], [[acute viral myelitis]], [[borrelia burgdorferi]], [[botulism]], [[brainstem encephalitis]], [[brucellosis]], [[cerebellar abscess]], [[chickenpox]], [[coxsackie disease]], [[cysticercosis]], [[cytomegalovirus polyradiculopathy]], [[diphtheria]], [[encephalomyelitis]], [[endophthalmitis]], [[epidural abscess]], [[epstein-barr virus]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[herpes simplex]], [[herpes zoster]], [[HIV]], [[infectious cerebellitis]], [[leprosy]], [[lyme disease]], [[malaria]], [[meningoencephalitis]], [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[ophthalmia neonatorum]], [[osteomyelitis]], [[polymyositis]], [[schistosoma]], [[septic arthritis]], [[septicemia]], [[syphilis]], [[tick paralysis]], [[transient synovitis]], [[treponema pallidum]], [[tuberculosis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[viral hepatitis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carpal tunnel syndrome]], [[Charcot-Marie-tooth disease]], [[chondroma]], [[compartment syndrome]], [[connective tissue disease]], [[dermatomyosistis]], [[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]], [[Ewing's sarcoma]], [[femoral neuropathy]], [[hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy]], [[herniated vertebral disc]], [[leg fractures]], [[muscle weakness]], [[osteoarthritis]], [[osteochondroma]], [[osteoma]], [[osteomyelitis]], [[osteosarcoma]], [[Pagets disease]], [[peroneal compression at the fibular neck]], [[Perthes disease]], [[septic arthritis]], [[slipped upper femoral epiphysis]], [[tarsal tunnel syndrome ]], [[transient synovitis]]
| |
| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ophthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
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|
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | | ==[[Disequilibrium historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| {{col-begin|width=85%}}
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| *[[3-methylglutaconic aciduria ]]
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| *[[4H syndrome]]
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| *[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
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| *[[Acoustic neuroma]]
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| *[[Acromegaly]]
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| *[[Acrylamide]]
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| *[[Acute coronary syndrome]]
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| *[[Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis]]
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| *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
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| *[[Acute necrotizing myelopathy]]
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| *[[Acute viral myelitis ]]
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| *[[Adrenoleukodystrophy]]
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| *[[Adrenomyeloneuropathy]]
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| *[[AIDS]]
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| *[[Alcohol dependence]]
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| *[[Alcohol toxicity]]
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| *[[Alcoholic polyneuropathy]]
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| *[[Alpha-mannosidase deficiency]]
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| *[[Alpha-methylacyl-coa racemase deficiency]]
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| *[[Altitude sickness]]
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| *[[Aminophylline]]
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| *[[Amiodarone]]
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| *[[Amphotericin B]]
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| *[[Amyloidosis]]
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| *[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ]]
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| *[[Andermann syndrome]]
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| *[[Anemia]]
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| *[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
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| *[[Anti hypertensives]]
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| *[[Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad)-associated cerebellar ataxia]]
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| *[[Antibiotics]]
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| *[[Anticholinergics]]
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| *[[Anticonvulsants]]
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| *[[Antidepressants]]
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| *[[Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome ]]
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| *[[Anxiety]]
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| *[[Argininosuccinic aciduria ]]
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| *[[Arnold-chiari malformation]]
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| *[[Arrhythmia]]
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| *[[Arsenic]]
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| *[[Arteriosclerosis]]
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| *[[Arylsulphatase a deficiency]]
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| *[[Aspartoacylase deficiency ]]
| |
| *[[Aspirin]]
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| *[[Asthma exacerbation]]
| |
| *[[Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia ]]
| |
| *[[Ataxia-telangiectasia]]
| |
| *[[Atp6v0a2-related cutis laxa]]
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| *[[Aurothioglucose]]
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| *[[Basilar migraine]]
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| *[[Benign monoclonal gammopathy]]
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| *[[Benign paroxysmal vertigo]]
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| *[[Beri-beri]]
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| *[[Biguanide ]]
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| *[[Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria]]
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| *[[Biotinidase deficiency]]
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| *[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]
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| *[[Bortezomib]]
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| *[[Botulism]]
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| *[[Brainstem encephalitis]]
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| *[[Briquet's syndrome]]
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| *[[Brucellosis]]
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| *[[Capecitabine]]
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| *[[Carbachol ]]
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| *[[Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency]]
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| *[[Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a]]
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| *[[Carbon tetrachloride]]
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| *[[Cardiomyopathy]]
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| *[[Carotid-cavernous fistula ]]
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| *[[Carpal tunnel syndrome]]
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| *[[Cataract]]
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| *[[CCFDN syndrome]]
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| *[[Celecoxib ]]
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| *[[Celiac disease]]
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| *[[Central serous chorioretinopathy ]]
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| *[[Cerebellar abscess]]
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| *[[Cerebellar aplasia, dysplasia, or hypoplasia ]]
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| *[[Cerebellar ataxia]]
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| *[[Cerebellar degeneration]]
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| *[[Cerebellar dyssynergia]]
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| *[[Cerebellar hemorrhage]]
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| *[[Cerebellar tumors]]
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| *[[Cerebellar vermis agenesis]]
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| *[[Cerebral palsy]]
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| *[[Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis]]
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| *[[Cerebrovascular disease]]
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| *[[Ceroid lipofuscinosis ]]
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| *[[Cervical spondylosis]]
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| *[[Charcot-marie-tooth disease]]
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| *[[Charlevoix-saguenay spastic ataxia]]
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| *[[Chester porphyria]]
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| *[[Chickenpox]]
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| *[[Childbirth]]
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| *[[Chlorpheniramine]]
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| *[[Chondroma]]
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| *[[Christianson syndrome]]
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| *[[Chronic liver disease]]
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| *[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation]]
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| *[[Cinnarizine ]]
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| *[[Cisplatin]]
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| *[[Citrullinemia ]]
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| *[[Claude syndrome]]
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| *[[Clomifene ]]
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| *[[Coach syndrome]]
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| *[[Cockayne syndrome]]
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| *[[Coenzyme Q10 deficiency]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| *[[Cold exposure]]
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| *[[Compartment syndrome]]
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| *[[Confusional state]]
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| *[[Congenital cataract]]
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| *[[Congestive cardiac failure]]
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| *[[Connective tissue disease]]
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| *[[Copper deficiency myeloneuropathy]]
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| *[[Cortical visual impairment]]
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| *[[Coxsackie disease]]
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| *[[Creutzfeldt jakob disease]]
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| *[[Cryoglobulinemia]]
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| *[[Cysticercosis]]
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| *[[Cytomegalovirus polyradiculopathy]]
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| *[[Cytosine arabinoside]]
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| *[[D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
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| *[[Dandy-walker syndrome]]
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| *[[Dapsone]]
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| *[[Deafferentation]]
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| *[[Decompression sickness myelopathy]]
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| *[[Dehydration]]
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| *[[Déjerine-sottas neuropathy]]
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| *[[Dementia]]
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| *[[Demyelination]]
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| *[[Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy]]
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| *[[Depression]]
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| *[[Dermatomyosistis]]
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| *[[Diabetes mellitus]]
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| *[[Diabetic amyotrophy]]
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| *[[Diabetic ketoacidosis ]]
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| *[[Diabetic radiculopathy]]
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| *[[Didmoad syndrome]]
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| *[[Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis]]
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| *[[Diffuse sclerosis of schilder ]]
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| *[[Diphenhydramine ]]
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| *[[Diphtheria]]
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| *[[Distal hereditary neuronopathy ]]
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| *[[Disulfiram]]
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| *[[Diuretics]]
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| *[[Dothiepin ]]
| |
| *[[Duchenne muscular dystrophy]]
| |
| *[[Dural arteriovenous fistula]]
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| *[[Dysproteinemia]]
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| *[[Dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica ]]
| |
| *[[Electrical injury]]
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| *[[Emotions]]
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| *[[Encephalocele]]
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| *[[Encephalomyelitis]]
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| *[[Endophthalmitis ]]
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| *[[Epidural abscess]]
| |
| *[[Epilepsy]]
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| *[[Episodic ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Epstein-barr virus ]]
| |
| *[[Erythropoietic protoporphyria]]
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| *[[Ethambutol ]]
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| *[[Ethotoin]]
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| *[[Ewing's sarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Fabry's disease]]
| |
| *[[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]]
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| *[[Familial danish dementia]]
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| *[[Familial hemiplegic migraine]]
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| *[[Femoral neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Fetal akinesia-hypokinesia sequence]]
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| *[[Fibromyalgia]]
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| *[[Fluorouracil]]
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| *[[Friedrich's ataxia]]
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| *[[Gamma-diketone hexacarbons]]
| |
| *[[Gamstorp-wohlfart syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Genaralized weakness]]
| |
| *[[Gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Giant axonal neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Gillespie syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Gm2 gangliosidosis]]
| |
| *[[Gout]]
| |
| *[[Griscelli syndrome type 2]]
| |
| *[[Guillain-barré syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Haemochromatosis]]
| |
| *[[Hartnup disease ]]
| |
| *[[Haw river syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Head injury]]
| |
| *[[Heat stroke]]
| |
| *[[Heavy metals]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic cirrhosis]]
| |
| *[[Hepatic myelopathy ]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary amyloid polyneuropathies]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary liability to pressure palsy]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy ]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary spastic paraplegias]]
| |
| *[[Herniated vertebral disc]]
| |
| *[[Herpes simplex]]
| |
| *[[Herpes zoster]]
| |
| *[[HIV]]
| |
| *[[Hodgkin' lymphoma ]]
| |
| *[[Homocitrullinuria syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Hoyeraal-hreidarsson syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Huntington disease]]
| |
| *[[Hydralazine]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxyzine ]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hyperventilation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hyperventilation]]
| |
| *[[Hyphema ]]
| |
| *[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia ]]
| |
| *[[Hypocalcemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypochondriasis]]
| |
| *[[Hypoglycemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypomyelination ]]
| |
| *[[Hyponatremia]]
| |
| *[[Hypoparathyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Hypothyroidism ]]
| |
| *[[Hypoxia]]
| |
| *[[Hysteria]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic small fiber neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Impaired hearing]]
| |
| *[[Infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Infectious cerebellitis]]
| |
| *[[Inhalation of irritants]]
| |
| *[[Intestinal fistula]]
| |
| *[[Intracranial space-occupying lesion]]
| |
| *[[Intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations]]
| |
| *[[Isoniazid]]
| |
| *[[Isovaleric acidemia]]
| |
| *[[Ixabepilone]]
| |
| *[[Joubert syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Kearns-sayre syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Klumpke paralysis]]
| |
| *[[Konzo]]
| |
| *[[L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Lamivudine]]
| |
| *[[Lathyrism]]
| |
| *[[Lead]]
| |
| *[[Leflunomide]]
| |
| *[[Leg fractures]]
| |
| *[[Leigh syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Leprosy]]
| |
| *[[Lesch-nyhan syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Leukemia]]
| |
| *[[Linezolid]]
| |
| *[[Lithium ]]
| |
| *[[Loken senior syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Lower motor neuron weakness]]
| |
| *[[Lumbosacral plexitis]]
| |
| *[[Lung carcinoma]]
| |
| *[[Lyme disease]]
| |
| *[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
| |
| *[[Machado-joseph azorean disease]]
| |
| *[[Major depression]]
| |
| *[[Malaria]]
| |
| *[[Malingering]]
| |
| *[[Maple syrup urine disease]]
| |
| *[[Marinesco-sjogren syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Mefloquine ]]
| |
| *[[Melarsoprol]]
| |
| *[[MELAS]]
| |
| *[[Meningoencephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Menopause]]
| |
| *[[Meralgia paresthetica]]
| |
| *[[Mercury]]
| |
| *[[MERRF]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic acidosis]]
| |
| *[[Metachromatic leukodystrophy ]]
| |
| *[[Methanol ]]
| |
| *[[Metronidazole]]
| |
| *[[Microscopic polyangiitis]]
| |
| *[[Migraine ]]
| |
| *[[Miller-fisher syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Mitochondrial ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
| |
| *[[Monoclonal gammopathy]]
| |
| *[[Motor neuron syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Multifocal motor neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Multiple carboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Multiple hamartoma syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Multiple lentigines syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Multiple myeloma]]
| |
| *[[Multiple sclerosis ]]
| |
| *[[Multiple sensory defect dizziness]]
| |
| *[[Multiple system atrophy syndromes]]
| |
| *[[Muscle weakness ]]
| |
| *[[Myasthenia gravis]]
| |
| *[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
| |
| *[[Myelopathy]]
| |
| *[[Nalidixic acid ]]
| |
| *[[NARP syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Navajo neurohepatopathy]]
| |
| *[[Neuroblastoma]]
| |
| *[[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
| |
| *[[Neuroleptics]]
| |
| *[[Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis]]
| |
| *[[Niemann-pick disease]]
| |
| *[[Nitrofurantoin]]
| |
| *[[Non-hodgkin's lymphoma]]
| |
| *[[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]]
| |
| {{col-break|width=33%}}
| |
| *[[Nortriptyline ]]
| |
| *[[Nothnagel claude syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Nucleoside analogues ]]
| |
| *[[Nutritional amblyopia ]]
| |
| *[[Obturator neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Ocular ischemic syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Old age]]
| |
| *[[Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ]]
| |
| *[[Ophthalmia neonatorum ]]
| |
| *[[Orbital mass ]]
| |
| *[[Organophosphates]]
| |
| *[[Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Orthostatic myoclonus]]
| |
| *[[Osteoarthritis]]
| |
| *[[Osteochondroma]]
| |
| *[[Osteoma]]
| |
| *[[Osteomyelitis]]
| |
| *[[Ostesarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Oxaliplatin]]
| |
| *[[Paclitaxel]]
| |
| *[[Pagets disease]]
| |
| *[[Pain]]
| |
| *[[Pantothenate kinase ]]
| |
| *[[Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration]]
| |
| *[[Paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Paraneoplastic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Paraproteinemia]]
| |
| *[[Parkinson disease]]
| |
| *[[Past myocardial infarction]]
| |
| *[[Pelizaeus-merzbacher disease]]
| |
| *[[Peripheral neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Pernicious anemia]]
| |
| *[[Peroneal compression at the fibular neck]]
| |
| *[[Perthes disease]]
| |
| *[[Phaeochromocytoma]]
| |
| *[[Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Phenylbutazone ]]
| |
| *[[Phenytoin]]
| |
| *[[Physostigmine ]]
| |
| *[[Pitt-hopkins syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pleural effusion]]
| |
| *[[Pneumonia]]
| |
| *[[Pneumothorax]]
| |
| *[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
| |
| *[[Polycythemia vera]]
| |
| *[[Polymyositis]]
| |
| *[[Polyrediculitis]]
| |
| *[[Porphyria]]
| |
| *[[Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Postural hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Postvaccinal]]
| |
| *[[Pregnancy]]
| |
| *[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
| |
| *[[Prochlorperazine ]]
| |
| *[[Progressive external ophthalmoplegia]]
| |
| *[[Pseudogout]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary edema]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
| |
| *[[Purtscher's retinopathy quinidine ]]
| |
| *[[Pyloric stenosis]]
| |
| *[[Pyridoxine]]
| |
| *[[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Radiotherapy]]
| |
| *[[Raised intracranial pressure]]
| |
| *[[Rapidly assuming an upright position]]
| |
| *[[Refsum disease ]]
| |
| *[[Reiter's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Renal failure]]
| |
| *[[Retinal degeneration]]
| |
| *[[Retrolental fibroplasia ]]
| |
| *[[Revesz syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Rhadomyosarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Rofecoxib ]]
| |
| *[[Roussy-levy disease]]
| |
| *[[Salicylate poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Salla disease]]
| |
| *[[Sandhoff disease ]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| *[[Schistosoma]]
| |
| *[[Schizophrenia]]
| |
| *[[Sciatic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Scleroderma]]
| |
| *[[Sedatives ]]
| |
| *[[Septic arthritis]]
| |
| *[[Septicemia]]
| |
| *[[Seronegtive arthropathy]]
| |
| *[[SeSAME syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Shy-drager syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sialidosis ]]
| |
| *[[Sideroblastic anemia ]]
| |
| *[[Silver syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sjögren's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Slipped upper femoral epiphysis]]
| |
| *[[Solitary plasmacytoma]]
| |
| *[[Spinal cord tumors]]
| |
| *[[Spinal epidural hematoma]]
| |
| *[[Spinocerebellar ataxias]]
| |
| *[[Stavudine]]
| |
| *[[Strachan syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Stroke ]]
| |
| *[[Subacute combined degeneration]]
| |
| *[[Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy]]
| |
| *[[Subacute sensory neuronopathy]]
| |
| *[[Superior orbital fissure syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Suramin]]
| |
| *[[Syphilis]]
| |
| *[[Syringobulbia]]
| |
| *[[Syringomyelia]]
| |
| *[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
| |
| *[[Tarsal tunnel syndrome ]]
| |
| *[[Taxol]]
| |
| *[[Tay-sachs disease ]]
| |
| *[[Thallium]]
| |
| *[[Thiamine deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Tick paralysis ]]
| |
| *[[Toluene]]
| |
| *[[Topical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Toxic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Trabectedin]]
| |
| *[[Tranquilizers]]
| |
| *[[Transient ischemic attack]]
| |
| *[[Transient synovitis]]
| |
| *[[Transverse myelitis ]]
| |
| *[[Treponema pallidum]]
| |
| *[[Troyer syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Typhoid fever]]
| |
| *[[Unverricht-lundborg disease]]
| |
| *[[Upper motor neuron weakness]]
| |
| *[[Uremia]]
| |
| *[[Urination]]
| |
| *[[Van der knaap disease]]
| |
| *[[Vasculitic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Vasovagal attacks]]
| |
| *[[Vertebrobasilar dissection]]
| |
| *[[Verteporfin ]]
| |
| *[[Vestibular disorder]]
| |
| *[[Vigabatrin]]
| |
| *[[Vincristine]]
| |
| *[[Viral hepatitis]]
| |
| *[[Visual impairment]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin B1 deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Vitreous haemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Wilson disease ]]
| |
| *[[X-linked ataxia, ichthyosis, and tapetoretinal dystrophy]]
| |
| *[[X-linked ataxia]]
| |
| *[[Xeroderma pigmentosum ]]
| |
| *[[Zalcitabine ]]
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
|
| |
|
| == References == | | ==[[Disequilibrium classification|Classification]]== |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
|
| |
|
| {{WH}}
| | ==[[Disequilibrium pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| {{WS}}
| | |
| | ==[[Disequilibrium causes|Causes]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Disequilibrium differential diagnosis|Differentiating Disequilibrium from other Diseases]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Disequilibrium epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Disequilibrium risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| | |
| | ==[[Disequilibrium natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| | |
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| | |
| | [[Disequilibrium history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Disequilibrium physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Disequilibrium laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Disequilibrium CT|CT]] | [[Disequilibrium other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Disequilibrium other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| | |
| | ==Treatment== |
| | [[Disequilibrium medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Disequilibrium surgery|Surgery]] | [[Disequilibrium primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Disequilibrium secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Disequilibrium cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Disequilibrium future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| | |
| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Disequilibrium case study one|Case #1]] |