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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Winters' formula is a formula to assess the adequacy of [[respiratory compensation]] in the presence of a primary [[metabolic acidosis]]. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
Winters' formula, named after Robert W. Winters,<ref name="pmid6016545">{{cite journal | author = Albert MS, Dell RB, Winters RW | title = Quantitative displacement of acid-base equilibrium in metabolic acidosis | journal = [[Annals of Internal Medicine]] | volume = 66 | issue = 2 | pages = 312–22 | year = 1967 | month = February | pmid = 6016545 | doi = | url = http://www.annals.org/article.aspx?volume=66&page=312 | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid5775132">{{cite journal | author = Asch MJ, Dell RB, Williams GS, Cohen M, Winters RW | title = Time course for development of respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis | journal = [[The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine]] | volume = 73 | issue = 4 | pages = 610–5 | year = 1969 | month = April | pmid = 5775132 | doi = | url = | issn = }}</ref> is a formula used to evaluate [[respiratory compensation]] when analyzing acid-base disorders and a [[metabolic acidosis]] is present.<ref name="urlCase 1: Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center">{{Cite web|url=http://fitsweb.uchc.edu/student/selectives/TimurGraham/Case_1.html |title=Case 1: Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center |work= }}</ref><ref name="urlAcid-Base Disorders: Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders: Merck Manual Professional">{{Cite web|url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch157/ch157b.html |title=Acid-Base Disorders: Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders: Merck Manual Professional |work=}}</ref> | |||
== | ==Winters' formula== | ||
Winters' formula can be given as | |||
P<sub> | <table style="border:1px solid black"><tr><td>P<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> = 1.5 x [HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>] + 8 ± 2</table> | ||
where HCO3<sup>-</sup> is given in units of mEq/L and P<sub> | where HCO3<sup>-</sup> is given in units of mEq/L and P<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> will be in units of mm Hg. | ||
==Interpretation== | |||
Winters' formula gives an expected value for the patient's P<sub>CO2</sub>; the patient's measured P<sub>CO2</sub> is then compared to this. | |||
* If the two values correspond, respiratory compensation is considered to be adequate. | * If the two values correspond, respiratory compensation is considered to be adequate. | ||
* If the measured P<sub>CO2</sub> is higher than the calculated value, there is also a primary respiratory acidosis. | * If the measured P<sub>CO2</sub> is higher than the calculated value, there is also a primary respiratory acidosis. | ||
Latest revision as of 21:49, 4 August 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Winters' formula is a formula to assess the adequacy of respiratory compensation in the presence of a primary metabolic acidosis.
Historical Perspective
Winters' formula, named after Robert W. Winters,[1][2] is a formula used to evaluate respiratory compensation when analyzing acid-base disorders and a metabolic acidosis is present.[3][4]
Winters' formula
Winters' formula can be given as
| PCO2 = 1.5 x [HCO3-] + 8 ± 2 |
where HCO3- is given in units of mEq/L and PCO2 will be in units of mm Hg.
Interpretation
Winters' formula gives an expected value for the patient's PCO2; the patient's measured PCO2 is then compared to this.
- If the two values correspond, respiratory compensation is considered to be adequate.
- If the measured PCO2 is higher than the calculated value, there is also a primary respiratory acidosis.
- If the measured PCO2 is lower than the calculated value, there is also a primary respiratory alkalosis.
References
- ↑ Albert MS, Dell RB, Winters RW (1967). "Quantitative displacement of acid-base equilibrium in metabolic acidosis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 66 (2): 312–22. PMID 6016545. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Asch MJ, Dell RB, Williams GS, Cohen M, Winters RW (1969). "Time course for development of respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis". The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 73 (4): 610–5. PMID 5775132. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Case 1: Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center".
- ↑ "Acid-Base Disorders: Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders: Merck Manual Professional".