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| __NOTOC__
| | #Redirect [[Calcification]] |
| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| The [[coronary angiogram]] is fairly insensitive to the presence of [[lesion]] [[calcification]], particularly the presence of deep [[vessel]] wall [[calcification]]. [[Intravascular ultrasound]] is much more sensitive in the assessment of [[vessel]] wall [[calcification]]. Conventional [[coronary angiography]] has limited [[sensitivity]] for the detection of smaller amounts of [[calcium]], and has moderate [[sensitivity]] for the detection of extensive [[lesion]] [[calcium]] ([[sensitivity]] 60% and 85% for three- and four-quadrant [[calcium]], respectively).<ref name="pmid7895353">{{cite journal |author=Mintz GS, Popma JJ, Pichard AD, ''et al.'' |title=Patterns of calcification in coronary artery disease. A statistical analysis of intravascular ultrasound and coronary angiography in 1155 lesions |journal=Circulation |volume=91 |issue=7 |pages=1959–65 |year=1995 |month=April |pmid=7895353 |doi= |url=}}</ref> [[Calcification]] is often associated with older [[graft]] age, [[insulin–dependent diabetics]], and [[smoking]].<ref name="pmid15723972">{{cite journal |author=Castagna MT, Mintz GS, Ohlmann P, ''et al.'' |title=Incidence, location, magnitude, and clinical correlates of [[saphenous vein graft]] [[calcification]]: an intravascular [[ultrasound]] and [[angiographic]] study |journal=Circulation |volume=111 |issue=9 |pages=1148–52 |year=2005 |month=March |pmid=15723972 |doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000157160.69812.55 |url=}}</ref> [[calcification|Calcified]] [[lesion]]s pose several challenges to the [[interventional cardiologist]]s as they are sometimes difficult to cross with the [[angioplasty]] equipment, they are less likely to fully dilate, they are prone to recoil, and they often do not allow for full expansion of the [[stent]]. Failure to fully expand the [[stent]] may result in [[restenosis]]. [[Stents]] should be deployed only after ensuring that the [[lesion]] can be fully expanded by a conventional balloon [[angioplasty]].
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| ==Angiography Examples==
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| '''Click [[Coronary angiography calcified lesion|here]] for angiography examples of calcified lesions.'''
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| ==PCI in the Calcified Lesion==
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| '''Click [[PCI in the calcified lesion|here]] for details about PCI in the calcified lesion.'''
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Coronary Angiography}}
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| [[Category:Cardiology]]
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| [[Category:Angiopedia]]
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