First degree AV block causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
An atrioventricular block (or AV block) is a type of [[heart block]] involving an impairment of the conduction between the [[atria]] and the [[ventricles]] of the heart.<ref>{{Dorlands|b_16|12188991}}</ref>  It usually involves the [[atrioventricular node]], but it can involve other structures too.  AV block is categorized according to the degree and the site of conduction block.  In first-degree AV block, all atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles; however, there is a delay in conduction within the [[AV node]] resulting in a [[prolonged PR interval]] on [[ECG]] (>200 msec or >5 small blocks). In other words, first degree block is a slowed conduction without loss of atrioventricular synchrony.
Common causes of [[first-degree AV block]] include [[ischemic heart disease]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[electrolyte]] abnormalities (particularly [[hypokalemia]] and [[hypomagnesemia]]), [[inflammation]], [[infections]] ([[endocarditis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[Chagas disease]], [[Lyme disease]], [[diphtheria]]), [[drugs]] ([[antiarrhythmic ]] Ia, Ic, II, III, IV and [[digoxin]], [[β-blockers]], [[calcium channel blockers]] ), [[infiltrative diseases]] ([[sarcoidosis]]), [[collagen vascular diseases]] ([[SLE]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[scleroderma]]), idiopathic degenerative diseases ([[Lenegre]] and [[Lev diseases]]) and [[neuromuscular disorders]] and increased [[vagal tone]] in younger [[patients]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
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*[[Hyperkalemia]]
*[[Hyperkalemia]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[vagus nerve|Increased vagal tone]] (e.g. [[sleep]], athletes)
*[[vagus nerve|Increased vagal tone]] (e.g. [[sleep]], athletes)
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
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| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[beta-blockers]], [[digitalis]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[cholinesterase inhibitor|cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[dolasetron]], [[donepezil]], [[eslicarbazepine acetate]], [[fesoterodine]], [[fingolimod]], [[flecainide]], [[ibutilide]], [[lacosamide]], [[magnesium]], [[paliperidone]], [[procainamide]], [[propafenone]], [[propoxyphene]], [[quinidine]], [[sotalol]], [[terodiline]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[beta-blockers]], [[digitalis]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[cholinesterase inhibitor|cholinesterase inhibitors]], [[disopyramide]], [[dofetilide]], [[dolasetron]], [[donepezil]], [[eslicarbazepine acetate]], [[fesoterodine]], [[fingolimod]], [[flecainide]], [[ibutilide]], [[lacosamide]], [[magnesium]], [[paliperidone]], [[pramipexole]], [[procainamide]], [[propafenone]], [[propoxyphene]], [[quinidine]], [[sotalol]], [[terodiline]]
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| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[myxedema]], [[periodic  paralysis|thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[myxedema]], [[periodic  paralysis|thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]], [[hypothyroidism]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"

Latest revision as of 04:51, 22 July 2021

First degree AV block Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

Common causes of first-degree AV block include ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities (particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia), inflammation, infections (endocarditis, rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, Lyme disease, diphtheria), drugs (antiarrhythmic Ia, Ic, II, III, IV and digoxin, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers ), infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis), collagen vascular diseases (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma), idiopathic degenerative diseases (Lenegre and Lev diseases) and neuromuscular disorders and increased vagal tone in younger patients.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Acute myocardial infarction, acute rheumatic fever, ASD, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein's anomaly, hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Lev's disease, myocardial bridging, myocarditis, post aortic valve replacement, post catheter ablation for arrhythmias, post closure of a ventricular septal defect, post mitral valve replacement, tetralogy of Fallot, endocardial cushion defect, transposition of the great vessels, valvular heart disease, VSD
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amiodarone, beta-blockers, digitalis, calcium channel blockers, cholinesterase inhibitors, disopyramide, dofetilide, dolasetron, donepezil, eslicarbazepine acetate, fesoterodine, fingolimod, flecainide, ibutilide, lacosamide, magnesium, paliperidone, pramipexole, procainamide, propafenone, propoxyphene, quinidine, sotalol, terodiline
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hyperthyroidism, myxedema, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, hypothyroidism
Environmental Hypothermia
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis
Genetic Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Fabry disease, glycogenosis type 2b, hereditary neuromuscular disease, Kearns-Sayre syndrome
Hematologic Multiple myeloma
Iatrogenic Post aortic valve replacement, post catheter ablation for arrhythmias, post closure of a ventricular septal defect, post mitral valve replacement
Infectious Disease Acute rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, diphtheria, Lyme disease, myocarditis, neonatal lupus erythematosus, protozoal infection, sarcoidosis, SLE, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Ankylosing spondylitis, hereditary neuromuscular disease, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mitochondrial genome inherited conditions, muscular dystrophy
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic Fabry disease, glycogenosis type 2b
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Multiple myeloma
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Renal / Electrolyte Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, SLE
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Amyloidosis, degenerative diseases, enhanced vagal tone, normal variants

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References


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