Low LDL causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 11:57, 30 October 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [4]

Overview

Low LDL levels can be caused by unusual inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism such as abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Low LDL does not have any life-threatening cause.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Dyskeratosis congenita, lipomatosis of Madelung
Drug Side Effect	Clofibrate, colesevelam hydrochlorie, colestyramine, doxazosin, nicotinic acid, NSAID, prazosin, probucol, statins
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Ketogenic diet, malnutrition
Gastroenterologic	Celiac disease, chronic liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, intestinal lymphangiectasia, liver failure, portosystemic shunts, protein losing enteropathy, short bowel syndrome
Genetic	Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, cystic fibrosis, deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9, dyskeratosis congenita, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Hematologic	Acute myeloid leukemia
Iatrogenic	Portosystemic shunts, short bowel syndrome
Infectious Disease	Giardiasis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, Bassen-Kornzweig disease, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, hypobetalipoproteinemia, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mutations of the MTTP gene
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Acute myeloid leukemia, malignancy
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Acute phase proteins, amyloidosis, autoimmune diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory cytokines, high serum amyloid A, Sjögren's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O (2013). "Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever". Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 13 (1): 21–6. PMID 23448606.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Scanu-1974-1] Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Welty-1997-2] Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid23448606-3] Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O (2013). "Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever". Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 13 (1): 21–6. PMID 23448606.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{LDL}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{Rim}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}; {{Rim}}; {{VR}}
 ==Overview==
+Low LDL levels can be caused by unusual inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism such as [[abetalipoproteinemia]] and [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]].
-==Causes of Low LDL==
+==Causes==
-* Abetalipoproteinemia
+===Life Threatening Causes===
-* Advanced liver disease
+Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
-* Malnutrition
+Low LDL does not have any life-threatening cause.
+===Common Causes===
+*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<ref name="Scanu-1974">{{Cite journal | last1 = Scanu | first1 = AM. | last2 = Aggerbeck | first2 = LP. | last3 = Kruski | first3 = AW. | last4 = Lim | first4 = CT. | last5 = Kayden | first5 = HJ. | title = A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia. | journal = J Clin Invest | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 440-53 | month = Feb | year = 1974 | doi = 10.1172/JCI107578 | PMID = 11344558 }}</ref><ref name="Welty-1997">{{Cite journal | last1 = Welty | first1 = FK. | last2 = Mittleman | first2 = MA. | last3 = Wilson | first3 = PW. | last4 = Sutherland | first4 = PA. | last5 = Matheney | first5 = TH. | last6 = Lipinska | first6 = I. | last7 = Muller | first7 = JE. | last8 = Levy | first8 = D. | last9 = Tofler | first9 = GH. | title = Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population. | journal = Circulation | volume = 95 | issue = 4 | pages = 825-30 | month = Feb | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9054738 }}</ref>
+===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dyskeratosis congenita]], [[Lipoma|lipomatosis of Madelung]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Clofibrate]], [[Colesevelam (patient information)|colesevelam hydrochlorie]], [[colestyramine]], [[doxazosin]],  [[nicotinic acid]], [[NSAID]], [[prazosin]], [[probucol]], [[statins]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ketogenic diet]], [[malnutrition]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]], [[Lymphangiectasia|intestinal lymphangiectasia]], [[liver failure]], [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|portosystemic shunts]], [[protein losing enteropathy]], [[short bowel syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[PCSK9#PCSK9 Deficiency|deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9]], [[dyskeratosis congenita]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|mutations of the MTTP gene]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Portosystemic shunts]], [[short bowel syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Giardiasis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|mutations of the MTTP gene]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute myeloid leukemia]], [[malignancy]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute phase proteins]], [[amyloidosis]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[celiac disease]], [[Cytokine|inflammatory cytokines]], [[serum amyloid A|high serum amyloid A]], [[Sjögren's syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Acute myeloid leukemia]]
+*[[Acute phase proteins]]
+*[[Amyloidosis]]
+*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
+*[[Autoimmune diseases]]
+*[[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]]
+*[[Celiac disease]]
+*[[Chronic liver disease]]
+*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
+*[[Cirrhosis]]
+*[[Clofibrate]]
+*[[Colesevelam (patient information)|Colesevelam hydrochlorie]]
+*[[Colestyramine]]
+*[[Crohn's disease]]
+*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[PCSK9#PCSK9 Deficiency|Deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9]]
+*[[Doxazosin]]
+*[[Dyskeratosis congenita]]
+*[[Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]]
+*[[Familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]]
+*[[Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Giardiasis]]
+*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Cytokine|Inflammatory cytokines]]
+*[[Lymphangiectasia|Intestinal lymphangiectasia]]
+*[[Ketogenic diet]]
+*[[Lipoma|Lipomatosis of Madelung]]
+*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
+*[[Liver failure]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Malignancy]]
+*[[Malnutrition]]
+*[[Ménétrier's disease]]
+*[[Abetalipoproteinemia|Mutations of the MTTP gene]]
+*[[Nicotinic acid]]
+*[[NSAID]]
+*[[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Portosystemic shunts]]
+*[[Prazosin]]
+*[[Probucol]]
+*[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
+*[[Serum amyloid A|High serum amyloid A]]<ref name="pmid23448606">{{cite journal| author=Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O| title=Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. | journal=Bosn J Basic Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-6 | pmid=23448606 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23448606  }} </ref>
+*[[Short bowel syndrome]]
+*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
+*[[Sjögren's syndrome]]
+*[[Statins]]
+{{col-end}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-{{Lipoproteins}}
+{{Lipopedia}}
+[[Category:Lipopedia]]
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
 [[Category:Lipid disorders]]

v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL