High chylomicron remnant causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:50, 20 November 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

High chylomicron remnants level can either be due to genetic conditions as in type I and type V hyperlipoproteinemia or can be secondary to conditions such as chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Acute renal failure

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Antiretroviral therapy, atypical antipsychotics, glucocorticoids, heparin, isotretinoin, oral contraceptives, tamoxifen, thiazide diuretics
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis, hereditary hemochromatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Wilson's disease
Genetic	Familial hypertriglyceridemia, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, galactosemia, glycogen storage disease type I, glycogen storage disease type IV, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, type 1C hyperlipoproteinemia, tyrosinemia type 1
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Dialysis
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Familial hypertriglyceridemia, glycogen storage disease type I, glycogen storage disease type IV, high carbohydrate diet, high saturated fat diet, isolated low HDL, lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Pregnancy
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia ^[1]
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcoholism

Causes by Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Yoshimura, T.; Ito, M.; Sakoda, Y.; Kobori, S.; Okamura, H. (1998). "Rare case of autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia during pregnancy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 76 (1): 49–51. PMID 9481547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Weintraub M, Burstein A, Rassin T, Liron M, Ringel Y, Cabili S; et al. (1992). "Severe defect in clearing postprandial chylomicron remnants in dialysis patients". Kidney Int. 42 (5): 1247–52. PMID 1453610.
↑ Ito M, Takamatsu J, Matsuo T, Kameoka K, Kubota S, Fukata S; et al. (2003). "Serum concentrations of remnant-like particles in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroxine replacement". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 58 (5): 621–6. PMID 12699445.
↑ Benjó AM, Maranhão RC, Coimbra SR, Andrade AC, Favarato D, Molina MS; et al. (2006). "Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment". Atherosclerosis. 187 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.025. PMID 16458316.
↑ Brasaemle DL, Cornely-Moss K, Bensadoun A (1993). "Hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants increases exposure of apolipoprotein E." J Lipid Res. 34 (3): 455–65. PMID 8468529.

[Yoshimura-1998-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Yoshimura, T.; Ito, M.; Sakoda, Y.; Kobori, S.; Okamura, H. (1998). "Rare case of autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia during pregnancy". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 76 (1): 49–51. PMID 9481547. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid1453610-2] Weintraub M, Burstein A, Rassin T, Liron M, Ringel Y, Cabili S; et al. (1992). "Severe defect in clearing postprandial chylomicron remnants in dialysis patients". Kidney Int. 42 (5): 1247–52. PMID 1453610.

[pmid12699445-3] Ito M, Takamatsu J, Matsuo T, Kameoka K, Kubota S, Fukata S; et al. (2003). "Serum concentrations of remnant-like particles in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroxine replacement". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 58 (5): 621–6. PMID 12699445.

[pmid16458316-4] Benjó AM, Maranhão RC, Coimbra SR, Andrade AC, Favarato D, Molina MS; et al. (2006). "Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment". Atherosclerosis. 187 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.025. PMID 16458316.

[pmid8468529-5] Brasaemle DL, Cornely-Moss K, Bensadoun A (1993). "Hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants increases exposure of apolipoprotein E." J Lipid Res. 34 (3): 455–65. PMID 8468529.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Chylomicron remnant}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{M.P}}
 ==Overview==
+High chylomicron remnants level can either be due to [[genetic]] conditions as in [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|type I and type V hyperlipoproteinemia]] or can be secondary to conditions such as [[chronic renal failure]], [[hypothyroidism]], and [[diabetes mellitus]].
-==High Chylomicron Remnant Causes==
+==Causes==
 ===Life Threatening Causes===
+Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
+*[[Acute renal failure]]
 ===Common Causes===
+*[[Alcoholism]]
+*[[Chronic renal failure]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]
+*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill|Oral contraceptives]]
+*[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
 ===Causes by Organ System===
+{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Antiretroviral therapy]], [[atypical antipsychotics]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[heparin]], [[isotretinoin]], [[Combined oral contraceptive pill|oral contraceptives]], [[tamoxifen]], [[Thiazide|thiazide diuretics]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hypothyroidism]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute pancreatitis]], [[alcoholic liver disease]], [[cirrhosis]], [[hepatitis]], [[hereditary hemochromatosis]], [[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease|non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]], [[Wilson's disease]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial hypertriglyceridemia]], [[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[galactosemia]], [[glycogen storage disease type I]], [[glycogen storage disease type IV]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[mixed hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[familial hyperchylomicronemia|type 1C hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[tyrosinemia type 1]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dialysis]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Familial hypertriglyceridemia]], [[glycogen storage disease type I]], [[glycogen storage disease type IV]], [[carbohydrate|high carbohydrate diet]], [[fat|high saturated fat diet]], [[Low HDL|isolated low HDL]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pregnancy]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute renal failure]], [[chronic renal failure]], [[nephrotic syndrome]]
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[hyperchylomicronemia|Autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia ]]<ref name="Yoshimura-1998">{{Cite journal | last1 = Yoshimura | first1 = T. | last2 = Ito | first2 = M. | last3 = Sakoda | first3 = Y. | last4 = Kobori | first4 = S. | last5 = Okamura | first5 = H. | title = Rare case of autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia during pregnancy. | journal = Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | volume = 76 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-51 | month = Jan | year = 1998 | doi = | PMID = 9481547 }}</ref>
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]]
+|-
+|}
 ===Causes by Alphabetical Order===
+{{col-begin|width=80%}}
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
+*[[Acute renal failure]]
+*[[Alcoholic liver disease]]
+*[[Alcoholism]]
+*[[Antiretroviral therapy]]
+*[[Atypical antipsychotics]]
+*[[hyperchylomicronemia|Autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia]]<ref name="Yoshimura-1998">{{Cite journal | last1 = Yoshimura | first1 = T. | last2 = Ito | first2 = M. | last3 = Sakoda | first3 = Y. | last4 = Kobori | first4 = S. | last5 = Okamura | first5 = H. | title = Rare case of autoimmune hyperchylomicronemia during pregnancy. | journal = Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol | volume = 76 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-51 | month = Jan | year = 1998 | doi = | PMID = 9481547 }}</ref>
+*[[Chronic renal failure]]
+*[[Cirrhosis]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Dialysis]]<ref name="pmid1453610">{{cite journal| author=Weintraub M, Burstein A, Rassin T, Liron M, Ringel Y, Cabili S et al.| title=Severe defect in clearing postprandial chylomicron remnants in dialysis patients. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 1992 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 1247-52 | pmid=1453610 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1453610 }} </ref>
+*[[Familial hyperchylomicronemia|Type 1B hyperlipoproteinemia]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Familial hypertriglyceridemia]]
+*[[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]]
+*[[Galactosemia]]
+*[[Glycogen storage disease type I]]
+*[[Glycogen storage disease type IV]]
+*[[Heparin]]
+*[[Hepatitis]]
+*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]]
+*[[carbohydrate|High carbohydrate diet]]
+*[[fat|High saturated fat diet]]
+*[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid12699445">{{cite journal| author=Ito M, Takamatsu J, Matsuo T, Kameoka K, Kubota S, Fukata S et al.| title=Serum concentrations of remnant-like particles in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroxine replacement. | journal=Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) | year= 2003 | volume= 58 | issue= 5 | pages= 621-6 | pmid=12699445 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12699445 }} </ref>
+*[[Low HDL|Isolated low HDL]]<ref name="pmid16458316">{{cite journal| author=Benjó AM, Maranhão RC, Coimbra SR, Andrade AC, Favarato D, Molina MS et al.| title=Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment. | journal=Atherosclerosis | year= 2006 | volume= 187 | issue= 1 | pages= 116-22 | pmid=16458316 | doi=10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.025 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16458316 }} </ref>
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Familial hyperchylomicronemia|Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]<ref name="pmid8468529">{{cite journal| author=Brasaemle DL, Cornely-Moss K, Bensadoun A| title=Hepatic lipase treatment of chylomicron remnants increases exposure of apolipoprotein E. | journal=J Lipid Res | year= 1993 | volume= 34 | issue= 3 | pages= 455-65 | pmid=8468529 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8468529 }} </ref>
+*[[Glucocorticoids]]
+*[[Isotretinoin]]
+*[[Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia ]]
+*[[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease|Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]]
+*[[Combined oral contraceptive pill|Oral contraceptives]]
+*[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Tamoxifen]]
+*[[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
+*[[Familial hyperchylomicronemia|Type 1C hyperlipoproteinemia]]
+*[[Tyrosinemia type 1]]
+*[[Wilson's disease]]
+{{col-end}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 25: / Line 187: @@
 [[Category:Lipoproteins]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL