Hyperlipoproteinemia classification

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Overview
Classification Familial hyperchylomicronemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial combined hyperlipidemia Dysbetalipoproteinemia Primary hypertriglyceridemia Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia
Differential Diagnosis
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Guideline on Lifestyle Management

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Hyperlipoproteinemia can be classified into primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemia depending on the etiology. Primary lipoprotein disorders, caused by genetic mutations, can affect mainly the LDL particle, HDL, or more than one lipoprotein at the same time. In addition, secondary lipoproteinemia include medical conditions that lead to low lipoprotein levels.

Classification

Etiology

Shown below is an algorithm depicting the classification of hyperlipoproteinemia into primary and secondary.

Hyperlipoproteinemia

Primary (Genetic)

Secondary

Alcohol Diabetes Drugs Liver disease Obesity Renal disease Smoking Thyroid

LDL

Chylomicron Remnants

Lipoproteins Rich in Triglyceride (Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL)

HDL

-Familial hypercholesterolemia -Familial defective apo B 100 -Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (PCSK9) -Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia -Familial sistosterolemia -Familial lipoprotein a lipoproteinemia

-Deficiency in hepatic lipase -Type III dysbetalipoproteinemia

-Deficiency in lipoprotein lipase -Deficiency in Apo C-II -Deficiency in Apo A-V -Familial combined hyperlipidemia -Familial hypertriglyceridemia

-Cholesteryl ester transferase protein deficiency

Laboratory Results

Hyperlipoproteinemia can be classified according to which major lipoprotein or major lipid affected as detected in blood laboratory tests:

High Lipoprotein

• High chilomicron remnant
• High chylomicron
• High HDL
• High IDL
• High LDL
• High VLDL

High Lipid

• High total cholesterol
• High triglyceride