Low cholesterol causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 19:02, 9 June 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

Low cholesterol level can be caused by various factors, with malabsorption and malnutrition being the most common. Genetic, metabolic, liver disease, and drug side effect were also reported to cause low cholesterol level.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Low cholesterol in itself is not a life threatening condition.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Shock
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Levothyroxine, statins
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, levothyroxine
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Failure to thrive, liver disease, malabsorption
Genetic	Abetalipoproteinemia , apo A-I deficiency, familial alphalipoprotein deficiency, hypobetalipoproteinemia , Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Hematologic	Beta thalassemia,^[1]^[2] leukemia^[3]
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Shock
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Apo A-I deficiency
Nutritional/Metabolic	Cachexia, celiac disease, failure to thrive, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption , malnutrition, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Leukemia^[3]
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Manganese deficiency
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Celiac disease
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tassiopoulos T, Stamatelos G, Zakopoulos N, Fessas P, Eliopoulos GD (1995). "Low incidence of acute myocardial infarction in beta-thalassaemia trait carriers". Haematologia (Budap). 26 (4): 199–203. PMID 7590514.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Maioli M, Pettinato S, Cherchi GM, Giraudi D, Pacifico A, Pupita G; et al. (1989). "Plasma lipids in beta-thalassemia minor". Atherosclerosis. 75 (2–3): 245–8. PMID 2712866.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS (1997). "Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity". Am J Hematol. 55 (3): 129–33. PMID 9256291.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid7590514-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Tassiopoulos T, Stamatelos G, Zakopoulos N, Fessas P, Eliopoulos GD (1995). "Low incidence of acute myocardial infarction in beta-thalassaemia trait carriers". Haematologia (Budap). 26 (4): 199–203. PMID 7590514.

[pmid2712866-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Maioli M, Pettinato S, Cherchi GM, Giraudi D, Pacifico A, Pupita G; et al. (1989). "Plasma lipids in beta-thalassemia minor". Atherosclerosis. 75 (2–3): 245–8. PMID 2712866.

[pmid9256291-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS (1997). "Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity". Am J Hematol. 55 (3): 129–33. PMID 9256291.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
+Low cholesterol level can be caused by various factors, with [[malabsorption ]] and [[malnutrition]] being the most common.  Genetic, metabolic, [[liver disease]], and drug side effect were also reported to cause low cholesterol level.
 ==Causes==
@@ Line 11: / Line 12: @@
 ===Common Causes===
+*[[Adrenal insufficiency]]
+*[[Cachexia]]
+*[[Celiac disease]]
+*[[Failure to thrive]]
+*[[Levothyroxine]]
+*[[Liver disease]]
+*[[Malabsorption ]]
+*[[Malnutrition]]
+*[[Shock]]
+*[[Statins]]
 ===Causes by Organ System===
 {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"|'''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige"
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shock]]
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
@@ Line 32: / Line 42: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Levothyroxine]], [[statins]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 40: / Line 50: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal insufficiency]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[levothyroxine]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 48: / Line 58: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Failure to thrive]], [[liver disease]], [[malabsorption ]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia ]], [[apo A-I deficiency]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia ]], [[Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Beta thalassemia]],<ref name="pmid7590514">{{cite journal| author=Tassiopoulos T, Stamatelos G, Zakopoulos N, Fessas P, Eliopoulos GD| title=Low incidence of acute myocardial infarction in beta-thalassaemia trait carriers. | journal=Haematologia (Budap) | year= 1995 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 199-203 | pmid=7590514 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7590514  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2712866">{{cite journal| author=Maioli M, Pettinato S, Cherchi GM, Giraudi D, Pacifico A, Pupita G et al.| title=Plasma lipids in beta-thalassemia minor. | journal=Atherosclerosis | year= 1989 | volume= 75 | issue= 2-3 | pages= 245-8 | pmid=2712866 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2712866  }} </ref> [[leukemia]]<ref name="pmid9256291">{{cite journal| author=Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS| title=Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity. | journal=Am J Hematol | year= 1997 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 129-33 | pmid=9256291 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9256291  }} </ref>
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 64: / Line 74: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shock]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Apo A-I deficiency]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cachexia]], [[celiac disease]], [[failure to thrive]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[malabsorption ]], [[malnutrition]], [[Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Leukemia]]<ref name="pmid9256291">{{cite journal| author=Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS| title=Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity. | journal=Am J Hematol | year= 1997 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 129-33 | pmid=9256291 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9256291  }} </ref>
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ophthalmologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 96: / Line 106: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 104: / Line 114: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Manganese deficiency]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 124: / Line 134: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 131: / Line 141: @@
 {{col-begin|width=80%}}
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Apo A-I deficiency]]
 *[[Abetalipoproteinemia ]]
 *[[Adrenal insufficiency]]
@@ Line 140: / Line 151: @@
 *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
 *[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia ]]
+{{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Leukemia]]<ref name="pmid9256291">{{cite journal| author=Pandolfino J, Hakimian D, Rademaker AW, Tallman MS| title=Hypocholesterolemia in hairy cell leukemia: a marker for proliferative activity. | journal=Am J Hematol | year= 1997 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 129-33 | pmid=9256291 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9256291  }} </ref>
 *[[Levothyroxine]]

v t e Lipopedia
Basic Science	Cholesterol • Triglyceride Lipoprotein metabolism and transport Lipoprotein: Chylomicron • Chylomicron remnant • HDL • IDL • LDL • Lipoprotein(a) • VLDL • Lipoprotein-X Apolipoprotein: APOA (1, 2, 4, 5) • APOB ( Apolipoprotein B-48, Apolipoprotein B-100) • APOC (1, 2, 3, 4) • APOD • APOE • APOH • APOJ • APOL • APOM • Apo(a) Lipoprotein receptor: LDL receptor • Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP) • Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 • Scavenger receptor • Scavenger receptor A • Scavenger receptor B • VLDL receptor Lipoprotein enzymes: Lipoprotein lipase • Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) • Cholesterylester transfer protein ( Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase, Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1 Genes: Low density lipoprotein receptor gene family • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein • ABCA1
Lipoprotein Disorders	Lipoprotein disorders Primary lipoprotein disorders: Familial hyperchylomicronemia (Type I) • Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIA) • Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIB) • Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) • Primary hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV) • Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia (Type V) Secondary lipoprotein disorders
Abnormal Laboratory Lipid Profile	Low chylomicron • Low chylomicron remnant • Low HDL • Low IDL • Low LDL • Low lipoprotein(a) • Low VLDL High chylomicron • High chylomicron remnant • High HDL • High IDL • High LDL • High Lipoprotein(a) • High VLDL