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| ==[[Hypertension classification|Classification]]==__NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
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| | | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link= Chronic hypertension resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br> |
| | | [[Chronic hypertension resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']] |
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| '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' | | '''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]''' |
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| {{Template:Hypertension}} | | {{Chronic hypertension}} |
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| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.D.; {{RT}} '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' Taylor Palmieri | | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User:YazanDaaboul|Yazan Daaboul]], [[User:Sergekorjian|Serge Korjian]] |
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| {{SK}} High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis | | {{SK}} High blood pressure; HBP; HTN; systemic hypertension; raised blood pressure; hyperpiesis; primary hypertension, idiopathic hypertension |
| ==[[Hypertension overview|Overview]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension classification|Classification]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension classification|Classification]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension causes|Causes]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension causes|Causes]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypertension from other Disorders]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension screening|Screening]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension screening|Screening]]== |
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| ==[[Hypertension natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== | | ==[[Chronic hypertension natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| == Diagnosis == | | == Diagnosis == |
| [[Hypertension history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hypertension blood pressure|Blood Pressure Measurement]] | [[Hypertension physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hypertension laboratory tests|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hypertension electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Hypertension chest x ray|Chest X ray]] | [[Hypertension CT|CT]] | [[Hypertension MRI|MRI]] | [[Hypertension echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Renovascular hypertension arteriography|Renal Arteriography]] | [[Hypertension other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hypertension other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | | [[Chronic hypertension history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Chronic hypertension blood pressure measurement|Blood Pressure Measurement]] | [[Chronic hypertension physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Chronic hypertension laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Chronic hypertension electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Chronic hypertension exercise stress test|ETT]] | [[Chronic hypertension CT|CT]] | [[Chronic hypertension MRI|MRI]] | [[Chronic hypertension echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Renovascular hypertension arteriography|Renal Arteriography]] | [[Chronic hypertension other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Chronic hypertension other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| == Treatment == | | == Treatment == |
| [[Hypertension lifestyle modification|Lifestyle Modification]] | [[Hypertension medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | | [[Chronic hypertension medical therapy blood pressure goals of treatment|Blood pressure goals of treatment]] | [[Chronic hypertension lifestyle modification|Lifestyle Modification]] | [[Chronic hypertension medical therapy|Medical Therapy]]| [[Hypertension practice guidelines]] | [[Chronic hypertension invasive therapy|Invasive Therapy]] |
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| ==Landmark Trials== | | ==Landmark Trials== |
| *[[ALLHAT]]
| | [[ABCD]], [[ACCORD]], [[AIRE]], [[ALLHAT]], [[ANBP2]], [[BHAT]], [[Captopril Trial]], [[CIBIS]], [[COPERNICUS]], [[CONVINCE]], [[EPHESUS]], [[HOPE]], [[HYVET]], [[IDNT]], [[INVEST]], [[LIFE]], [[MERIT-HF]], [[MRFIT]], [[NAVIGATOR]], [[PROGRESS]], [[ONTARGET]], [[RALES]], [[REIN]], [[REIN-2]], [[RENAAL]], [[SAVE]], [[SOLVD]], [[TRACE]], [[UKPDS]], [[ValHEFT]], [[VALUE]] |
| *[[ACCORD]]<ref name="pmid20228401">{{cite journal| author=ACCORD Study Group. Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC, Grimm RH et al.| title=Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 362 | issue= 17 | pages= 1575-85 | pmid=20228401 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1001286 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20228401 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20667901 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2010 Oct;15(5):142-3] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20643982 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jul 20;153(2):JC1-4, JC1-5] </ref>
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| *[[ABCD]]<ref name="pmid11849464">{{cite journal| author=Schrier RW, Estacio RO, Esler A, Mehler P| title=Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2002 | volume= 61 | issue= 3 | pages= 1086-97 | pmid=11849464 | doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00213.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11849464 }} </ref>
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| *[[NAVIGATOR]]<ref name="pmid20228403">{{cite journal| author=NAVIGATOR Study Group. McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, Bethel MA, Holzhauer B et al.| title=Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 362 | issue= 16 | pages= 1477-90 | pmid=20228403 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1001121 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20228403 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21646316 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Aug;16(4):122-3] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20547903 Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2010 Jun 15;152(12):JC6-9] </ref>
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| *[[IDNT]]<ref name="pmid11565517">{{cite journal| author=Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB et al.| title=Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 345 | issue= 12 | pages= 851-60 | pmid=11565517 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa011303 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11565517 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985424 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 May-Jun;136(3):82-4] </ref>
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| *[[PROGRESS]]<ref name="pmid16685221">{{cite journal| author=Arima H, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Anderson C, Rodgers A, Davis S et al.| title=Lower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trial. | journal=J Hypertens | year= 2006 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 | pages= 1201-8 | pmid=16685221 | doi=10.1097/01.hjh.0000226212.34055.86 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16685221 }} </ref>
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| *[[VALUE]]<ref name="pmid15207952">{{cite journal| author=Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Brunner HR, Ekman S, Hansson L et al.| title=Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. | journal=Lancet | year= 2004 | volume= 363 | issue= 9426 | pages= 2022-31 | pmid=15207952 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16451-9 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15207952 }} </ref>
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| *[[ONTARGET]]<ref name="pmid18378520">{{cite journal| author=ONTARGET Investigators. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I et al.| title=Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2008 | volume= 358 | issue= 15 | pages= 1547-59 | pmid=18378520 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0801317 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18378520 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19141267 Review in: J Fam Pract. 2009 Jan;58(1):24-7] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18836115 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2008 Oct;13(5):147] </ref>
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| *[[INVEST]]<ref name="pmid20606150">{{cite journal| author=Cooper-DeHoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM, Bavry AA, Denardo SJ, Bakris GL et al.| title=Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. | journal=JAMA | year= 2010 | volume= 304 | issue= 1 | pages= 61-8 | pmid=20606150 | doi=10.1001/jama.2010.884 | pmc=PMC3008411 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20606150 }} [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21047847 Review in: Evid Based Med. 2011 Feb;16(1):24-6] </ref>
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| ==Special Populations==
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| [[Pregnancy induced hypertension|Pregnancy]] | [[Diabetes with hypertension medical therapy|Diabetes]] | [[Cyclosporin#Cyclosporin Induced Hypertension|Cyclosporin]] | |
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| ==Case Studies== | | ==Case Studies== |
| [[Hypertension case study one|Case #1]] | | [[Hypertension case study one|Case #1]] |
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| [[Category:Aging-associated diseases]] | | [[Category:Aging-associated diseases]] |
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| [[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]] | | [[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]] |
| [[Category:Nephrology]] | | [[Category:Nephrology]] |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
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| [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] |
| [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | | [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] |
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