Low LDL causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Low LDL levels can be caused by unusual inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism such as [[abetalipoproteinemia]] and [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]]. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | ||
Low LDL does not have any life-threatening cause. | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
*[[Abetalipoproteinemia]] | |||
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]]<ref name="Scanu-1974">{{Cite journal | last1 = Scanu | first1 = AM. | last2 = Aggerbeck | first2 = LP. | last3 = Kruski | first3 = AW. | last4 = Lim | first4 = CT. | last5 = Kayden | first5 = HJ. | title = A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia. | journal = J Clin Invest | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 440-53 | month = Feb | year = 1974 | doi = 10.1172/JCI107578 | PMID = 11344558 }}</ref><ref name="Welty-1997">{{Cite journal | last1 = Welty | first1 = FK. | last2 = Mittleman | first2 = MA. | last3 = Wilson | first3 = PW. | last4 = Sutherland | first4 = PA. | last5 = Matheney | first5 = TH. | last6 = Lipinska | first6 = I. | last7 = Muller | first7 = JE. | last8 = Levy | first8 = D. | last9 = Tofler | first9 = GH. | title = Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population. | journal = Circulation | volume = 95 | issue = 4 | pages = 825-30 | month = Feb | year = 1997 | doi = | PMID = 9054738 }}</ref> | |||
===Causes by Organ System=== | ===Causes by Organ System=== | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Dermatologic''' | | '''Dermatologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dyskeratosis congenita]], [[Lipoma|lipomatosis of Madelung]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Clofibrate]], [[colesevelam hydrochlorie]], [[colestyramine]], [[doxazosin]], | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Clofibrate]], [[Colesevelam (patient information)|colesevelam hydrochlorie]], [[colestyramine]], [[doxazosin]], [[nicotinic acid]], [[NSAID]], [[prazosin]], [[probucol]], [[statins]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]], [[intestinal lymphangiectasia]], [[liver failure]], [[portosystemic shunts]], [[protein losing | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Celiac disease]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]], [[Lymphangiectasia|intestinal lymphangiectasia]], [[liver failure]], [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|portosystemic shunts]], [[protein losing enteropathy]], [[short bowel syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Genetic''' | | '''Genetic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[PCSK9#PCSK9 Deficiency|deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9]], [[dyskeratosis congenita]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|mutations of the MTTP gene]], [[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Portosystemic shunts]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Portosystemic shunts]], [[short bowel syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional/Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Bassen-Kornzweig disease]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abetalipoproteinemia]], [[apolipoprotein B deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]], [[familial alphalipoprotein deficiency]], [[familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]], [[hypobetalipoproteinemia]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Abetalipoproteinemia|mutations of the MTTP gene]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute phase proteins]], [[amyloidosis]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[celiac disease]], [[inflammatory cytokines]], [[serum amyloid A]], [[ | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute phase proteins]], [[amyloidosis]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[celiac disease]], [[Cytokine|inflammatory cytokines]], [[serum amyloid A|high serum amyloid A]], [[Sjögren's syndrome]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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*[[Amyloidosis]] | *[[Amyloidosis]] | ||
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]] | *[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]] | ||
*[[Autoimmune diseases]] | *[[Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
*[[Bassen-Kornzweig disease | *[[Abetalipoproteinemia|Bassen-Kornzweig disease]] | ||
*[[Celiac disease]] | *[[Celiac disease]] | ||
*[[Chronic liver disease]] | *[[Chronic liver disease]] | ||
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*[[Cirrhosis]] | *[[Cirrhosis]] | ||
*[[Clofibrate]] | *[[Clofibrate]] | ||
*[[Colesevelam hydrochlorie]] | *[[Colesevelam (patient information)|Colesevelam hydrochlorie]] | ||
*[[Colestyramine]] | *[[Colestyramine]] | ||
*[[Crohn's disease]] | *[[Crohn's disease]] | ||
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] | *[[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
*[[Deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9 | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
*[[PCSK9#PCSK9 Deficiency|Deficiency of proprotein convertase subtilisin-like/kexin type 9]] | |||
*[[Doxazosin]] | *[[Doxazosin]] | ||
*[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] | *[[Dyskeratosis congenita]] | ||
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*[[Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]] | *[[Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia]] | ||
*[[Giardiasis]] | *[[Giardiasis]] | ||
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia | *[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia]] | ||
*[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]] | *[[Hypobetalipoproteinemia]] | ||
*[[Inflammatory cytokines]] | *[[Cytokine|Inflammatory cytokines]] | ||
*[[Intestinal lymphangiectasia]] | *[[Lymphangiectasia|Intestinal lymphangiectasia]] | ||
*[[Ketogenic diet]] | *[[Ketogenic diet]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Lipoma|Lipomatosis of Madelung]] | ||
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] | *[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]] | ||
*[[Liver failure]] | |||
{{col-break|width=33%}} | {{col-break|width=33%}} | ||
*[[Malignancy]] | *[[Malignancy]] | ||
*[[Malnutrition]] | *[[Malnutrition]] | ||
*[[Ménétrier's disease]] | *[[Ménétrier's disease]] | ||
*[[Mutations of the MTTP gene]] | *[[Abetalipoproteinemia|Mutations of the MTTP gene]] | ||
*[[Nicotinic acid]] | *[[Nicotinic acid]] | ||
*[[NSAID | *[[NSAID]] | ||
*[[Portosystemic shunts]] | *[[Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt|Portosystemic shunts]] | ||
*[[Prazosin]] | *[[Prazosin]] | ||
*[[Probucol]] | *[[Probucol]] | ||
*[[Protein losing | *[[Protein losing enteropathy]] | ||
*[[Serum amyloid A]] | *[[Serum amyloid A|High serum amyloid A]]<ref name="pmid23448606">{{cite journal| author=Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O| title=Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. | journal=Bosn J Basic Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-6 | pmid=23448606 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23448606 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Short bowel syndrome]] | *[[Short bowel syndrome]] | ||
*[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]] | *[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Sjögren's syndrome]] | ||
*[[Statins]] | *[[Statins]] | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
Latest revision as of 11:57, 30 October 2014
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Low LDL causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Low LDL causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]; Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [4]
Overview
Low LDL levels can be caused by unusual inherited disorders of lipoprotein metabolism such as abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Low LDL does not have any life-threatening cause.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Scanu, AM.; Aggerbeck, LP.; Kruski, AW.; Lim, CT.; Kayden, HJ. (1974). "A study of the abnormal lipoproteins in abetalipoproteinemia". J Clin Invest. 53 (2): 440–53. doi:10.1172/JCI107578. PMID 11344558. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Welty, FK.; Mittleman, MA.; Wilson, PW.; Sutherland, PA.; Matheney, TH.; Lipinska, I.; Muller, JE.; Levy, D.; Tofler, GH. (1997). "Hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with low levels of hemostatic risk factors in the Framingham offspring population". Circulation. 95 (4): 825–30. PMID 9054738. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sari I, Bakir S, Engin A, Aydin H, Poyraz O (2013). "Some acute phase reactants and cholesterol levels in serum of patient with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever". Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 13 (1): 21–6. PMID 23448606.