Heart murmur causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Heart murmur}} | {{Heart murmur}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} ; {{AE}}{{nuha}} | ||
== | ==Overview== | ||
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into [[functional murmur|functional]], also known as [[innocent murmur]], [[physiologic]] and pathological murmurs. [[Still murmur]] is one of the causes of [[functional murmur]]. Causes of physiologic murmur include [[arteriovenous fistula]] and [[pregnancy]]. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as [[valvular stenosis]], valvular insufficiency, [[mitral valve prolapse]], [[right-to-left shunt]] and [[left-to-right shunt]]. | |||
=== | ==Common Causes== | ||
=== | *[[Systolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250186">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250186 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | ||
* [[Aortic stenosis]] / [[aortic | **[[Ejection murmurs]] | ||
* [[ | ***Functional | ||
* [[Pulmonary | ****[[Still's murmur]] and its adult variant | ||
* [[ | ****Flow [[murmur]] emanating from the root of the [[pulmonary artery]] | ||
* [[ | ****[[Murmur]] associated with high [[cardiac output]] states | ||
* [[ | ****Flow murmurs associated with [[Aorta|aortic]] or [[pulmonary]] valvular insufficiency | ||
* [[ | ***Organic | ||
* [[Patent ductus arteriosus]] | ****Valvular [[aortic stenosis]] | ||
* [[Sinus of Valsalva | ****[[Aortic sclerosis]] | ||
* [[ | ****Discrete [[subvalvular aortic stenosis]] (web or tunnel) | ||
****[[Supravalvular aortic stenosis]] | |||
****[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]] | |||
****[[Pulmonary valvular stenosis]] | |||
****[[Pulmonary infundibular stenosis]] | |||
****[[Atrial septal defect]] | |||
****[[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | |||
**Regurgitant murmurs | |||
***Functional: none | |||
***Organic: | |||
****[[Mitral regurgitation]]: | |||
*****[[Rheumatic disease|Rheumatic]] | |||
*****[[Papillary muscle]] dysfunction | |||
*****[[Mitral valve prolapse]] | |||
*****Acute | |||
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]]: | |||
*****Chronic | |||
*****Acute | |||
****[[Ventricular septal defect]] | |||
*****Roger's type (small and large) | |||
******Without [[pulmonary hypertension]] | |||
******With [[pulmonary hypertension]] | |||
*****Slitlike | |||
***Extracardiac sounds simulating [[systolic heart murmurs]] | |||
****Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) [[Murmur]] | |||
****[[Internal mammary soufflé]] | |||
****[[Carotid artery bruits]] | |||
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | |||
****Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root | |||
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] with [[pulmonary hypertension]] <br /> | |||
*[[Diastolic murmur]]<ref name="pmid21250187">{{cite journal| author=Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW| title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations | journal= | year= 1990 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=21250187 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> | |||
**[[Aortic regurgitation]] | |||
**[[Pulmonary valve regurgitation]] | |||
**Mitral rumble | |||
***Obstruction to flow | |||
****[[Mitral stenosis]] (rheumatic, congenital) | |||
****[[Left atrial myxoma]] | |||
****[[Cor triatriatum]] | |||
****Localized pericardial constriction | |||
***Increased flow | |||
****[[Mitral regurgitation]] | |||
****[[Ventricular septal defect]] | |||
****[[Patent ductus arteriousus]] | |||
****[[Complete heart block]] | |||
**Tricuspid rumble | |||
***Obstruction to flow | |||
****[[Tricuspid stenosis]] (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid) | |||
****[[Right atrial myxoma]] | |||
****Localized pericardial constriction | |||
***Increased flow | |||
****[[Atrial septal defect]] | |||
****[[Tricuspid regurgitation]] | |||
*[[Continuous murmur]] <ref name="pmid22574086">{{cite journal| author=Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L| title=[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions. | journal=J Med Life | year= 2012 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 39-46 | pmid=22574086 | doi= | pmc=3307079 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22574086 }} </ref> | |||
**THORACIC: | |||
***[[Precordial]] | |||
****[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] | |||
****[[Coronary arteriovenous fistulas]] | |||
****Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities | |||
****[[Atrial septal defect]] associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the [[left atrium]] | |||
****[[Left coronary artery]] origin from [[pulmonary artery]] anomaly | |||
****[[Continuous murmur]] at intern mammary artery | |||
***Extra [[Precordial]] | |||
****[[Coarctation of the aorta]] | |||
****[[Pulmonary atresia]] | |||
****[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]] | |||
****[[Truncus arteriosus]] | |||
****Anomalies of origin of the [[pulmonary artery]] | |||
**EXTRATHORACIC: | |||
***[[Venous hum]] | |||
***Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom | |||
***Severe arterial stenosis | |||
***Extrathoracic [[Arteriovenous fistula|arteriovenos fistulas]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Physical examination]] | [[Category:Physical examination]] | ||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:39, 21 January 2021
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Heart murmur causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Heart murmur causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nuha Al-Howthi, MD[2]
Overview
Causes of heart murmur can be grouped into functional, also known as innocent murmur, physiologic and pathological murmurs. Still murmur is one of the causes of functional murmur. Causes of physiologic murmur include arteriovenous fistula and pregnancy. Pathological murmur can result from a broad variety of conditions such as valvular stenosis, valvular insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, right-to-left shunt and left-to-right shunt.
Common Causes
- Systolic murmur[1]
- Ejection murmurs
- Functional
- Still's murmur and its adult variant
- Flow murmur emanating from the root of the pulmonary artery
- Murmur associated with high cardiac output states
- Flow murmurs associated with aortic or pulmonary valvular insufficiency
- Organic
- Functional
- Regurgitant murmurs
- Functional: none
- Organic:
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Rheumatic
- Papillary muscle dysfunction
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Acute
- Tricuspid regurgitation:
- Chronic
- Acute
- Ventricular septal defect
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Without pulmonary hypertension
- With pulmonary hypertension
- Slitlike
- Roger's type (small and large)
- Mitral regurgitation:
- Extracardiac sounds simulating systolic heart murmurs
- Subclavian (supraclavicular/brachiocephalic) Murmur
- Internal mammary soufflé
- Carotid artery bruits
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Murmurs emanating from a dilated aortic or pulmonary artery root
- Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension
- Ejection murmurs
- Diastolic murmur[2]
- Aortic regurgitation
- Pulmonary valve regurgitation
- Mitral rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Mitral stenosis (rheumatic, congenital)
- Left atrial myxoma
- Cor triatriatum
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid rumble
- Obstruction to flow
- Tricuspid stenosis (rheumatic, Ebstein's anomoly, carinoid)
- Right atrial myxoma
- Localized pericardial constriction
- Increased flow
- Obstruction to flow
- Continuous murmur [3]
- THORACIC:
- Precordial
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Coronary arteriovenous fistulas
- Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptured into right cavities
- Atrial septal defect associated with abnormalities that cause increased pressure in the left atrium
- Left coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery anomaly
- Continuous murmur at intern mammary artery
- Extra Precordial
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Pulmonary atresia
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
- Truncus arteriosus
- Anomalies of origin of the pulmonary artery
- Precordial
- EXTRATHORACIC:
- Venous hum
- Cruveilhier-Baumgarten sindrom
- Severe arterial stenosis
- Extrathoracic arteriovenos fistulas
- THORACIC:
References
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250186.
- ↑ Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW (1990). "Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations". PMID 21250187.
- ↑ Ginghină C, Năstase OA, Ghiorghiu I, Egher L (2012). "[[Continuous murmur]]—the auscultatory expression of a variety of pathological conditions". J Med Life. 5 (1): 39–46. PMC 3307079. PMID 22574086. URL–wikilink conflict (help)