Saquinavir: Difference between revisions
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{{Saquinavir}} | |||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{chetan}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
'''Saquinavir''' is an [[antiretroviral drug]] used in [[HIV]] therapy. It falls in the [[protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitor]] class. Two formulations have been marketed: | |||
*a hard-gel capsule formulation of the mesylate, with trade name '''Invirase''', which requires combination with [[ritonavir]] to increase the saquinavir [[bioavailability]]; | |||
*a soft-gel capsule formulation of saquinavir ([[microemulsion]],<ref>{{cite doi|10.1517/17425247.2012.694865}}</ref> orally-administered formulation), with trade name '''Fortovase'''. | |||
Both formulations are generally used as a component of [[antiretroviral drug|highly active antiretroviral therapy]] (HAART). | |||
Saquinavir was developed by the pharmaceutical company [[Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]]. Saquinavir was the first protease inhibitor (and sixth antiretroviral) approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA). Within 2 years of its approval, and that of ritonavir 4 months later, annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000 <ref>{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = HIV Surveillance --- United States, 1981--2008 | url = http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a2.htm | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 8 November 2013 }}</ref> | |||
. It was approved on December 6, 1995, as Invirase, a poorly-absorbed hard gel capsule which quickly led to viral resistance in many of the pioneer patients.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} The manufacturer, Roche, requested and received approval of Invirase via the FDA's "Accelerated Approval" program, a process designed to speed drugs to market for the treatment of serious diseases. This decision was controversial, amid disagreement between AIDS activists over the benefits of thorough testing versus early access to new drugs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebody.com/content/art14169.html|title=Drugs! Drugs! Drugs! An Overview of the Approved Anti-HIV Medications|accessdate=20 February 2013|publisher=The Body}}</ref> | |||
It was approved again on Nov 7, 1997 as Fortovase, a soft gel capsule reformulated for improved [[bioavailability]]. Roche announced in May 2005 that, owing to reduction in demand, Fortovase would cease being marketed early in 2006 in favour of Invirase boosted with [[ritonavir]].<ref>[http://www.rocheusa.com/products/FTVDearDoctorFINAL.pdf Withdrawal of Fortovase (PDF)]</ref> | |||
==Category== | |||
Protease inhibitor | |||
==US Brand Names== | |||
INVIRASE<sup>®</sup> | |||
==FDA Package Insert== | |||
''' [[Saquinavir description|Description]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir microbiology|Microbiology]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir contraindications|Contraindications]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir overdosage|Overdosage]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir how supplied|How Supplied]]''' | |||
'''| [[Saquinavir labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]''' | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
Saquinavir is a [[Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitor]]. [[Protease]]s are enzymes that cleave protein molecules into smaller fragments. HIV protease is vital for both viral replication within the cell and release of mature viral particles from an infected cell. Saquinavir binds to the active site of the viral protease and prevents cleavage of viral polyproteins, preventing maturation of the virus. Saquinavir inhibits both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Antibiotics]] | |||
[[Category:Wikinfect]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:41, 9 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Saquinavir is an antiretroviral drug used in HIV therapy. It falls in the protease inhibitor class. Two formulations have been marketed:
- a hard-gel capsule formulation of the mesylate, with trade name Invirase, which requires combination with ritonavir to increase the saquinavir bioavailability;
- a soft-gel capsule formulation of saquinavir (microemulsion,[1] orally-administered formulation), with trade name Fortovase.
Both formulations are generally used as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Saquinavir was developed by the pharmaceutical company Roche. Saquinavir was the first protease inhibitor (and sixth antiretroviral) approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Within 2 years of its approval, and that of ritonavir 4 months later, annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000 [2] . It was approved on December 6, 1995, as Invirase, a poorly-absorbed hard gel capsule which quickly led to viral resistance in many of the pioneer patients.[citation needed] The manufacturer, Roche, requested and received approval of Invirase via the FDA's "Accelerated Approval" program, a process designed to speed drugs to market for the treatment of serious diseases. This decision was controversial, amid disagreement between AIDS activists over the benefits of thorough testing versus early access to new drugs.[3]
It was approved again on Nov 7, 1997 as Fortovase, a soft gel capsule reformulated for improved bioavailability. Roche announced in May 2005 that, owing to reduction in demand, Fortovase would cease being marketed early in 2006 in favour of Invirase boosted with ritonavir.[4]
Category
Protease inhibitor
US Brand Names
INVIRASE®
FDA Package Insert
Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | How Supplied | Labels and Packages
Mechanism of Action
Saquinavir is a protease inhibitor. Proteases are enzymes that cleave protein molecules into smaller fragments. HIV protease is vital for both viral replication within the cell and release of mature viral particles from an infected cell. Saquinavir binds to the active site of the viral protease and prevents cleavage of viral polyproteins, preventing maturation of the virus. Saquinavir inhibits both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases.
References
- ↑ Template:Cite doi
- ↑ "HIV Surveillance --- United States, 1981--2008". Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ↑ "Drugs! Drugs! Drugs! An Overview of the Approved Anti-HIV Medications". The Body. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
- ↑ Withdrawal of Fortovase (PDF)