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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Digoxin#Drug Interactions]] |
| {{Digoxin}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AZ}}
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| ==Drug Interactions==
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| Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index, increased monitoring of serum digoxin concentrations and for potential signs and symptoms of clinical toxicity is necessary when initiating, adjusting, or discontinuing drugs that may interact with digoxin. Prescribers should consult the prescribing information of any drug which is co-prescribed with digoxin for potential drug interaction information.
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| ====P-Glycoprotein (PGP) Inducers/Inhibitors====
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| Digoxin is a substrate of P-glycoprotein. ''Drugs that induce or inhibit P-glycoprotein in intestine or kidney have the potential to alter digoxin pharmacokinetics''.
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| ====Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions====
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| =====Digoxin concentrations increased greater than 50%=====
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| {|
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| |[[File:D2igoxgreater50%.JPG|600px|thumb]]
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| |}
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| =====Digoxin concentrations increased less than 50%=====
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| {|
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| |[[File:D2igoxinless50.JPG|600px|thumb]]
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| |}
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| =====Digoxin concentrations increased, but magnitude is unclear=====
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| The following has to be done in case of the drug mentioned below:
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| :#Measure serum digoxin concentrations before initiating concomitant drugs.
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| :#Continue monitoring and reduce digoxin dose as necessary.
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| :*[[Alprazolam]]
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| :*[[azithromycin]]
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| :*[[cyclosporine]]
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| :*[[diclofenac]]
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| :*[[diphenoxylate]]
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| :*[[epoprostenol]]
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| :*[[esomeprazole]]
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| :*[[ibuprofen]]
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| :*[[ketoconazole]]
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| :*[[lansoprazole]]
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| :*[[metformin]]
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| :*[[omeprazole]]
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| :*[[rabeprazole]]
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| =====Digoxin concentrations decreased=====
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| The following has to be done in case of the drug mentioned below:
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| :#Measure serum digoxin concentrations before initiating concomitant drugs.
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| :#Continue monitoring and increase digoxin dose by approximately 20-40% as necessary.
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| :*[[Acarbose]]
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| :*[[activated charcoal]]
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| :*[[ albuterol]]
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| :*[[antacids]]
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| :*certain cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy,
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| :*[[cholestyramine]]
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| :*[[colestipol]]
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| :*extenatide
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| :*kaolin-pectin
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| :*meals high in bran
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| :*[[metoclopramide]]
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| :*[[miglitol]]
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| :*[[neomycin]]
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| :*[[penicillamine]]
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| :*[[phenytoin]]
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| :*[[rifampin]]
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| :*St. John’s Wort
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| :*[[sucralfate]]
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| :*[[sulfasalazine]]
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| =====No significant Digoxin exposure changes=====
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| No additional actions are required
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| ====Potentially Significant Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions====
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| Because of considerable variability of pharmacodynamic interactions, the dosage of digoxin should be individualized when patients receive these medications concurrently.
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| ====Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions====
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| Endogenous substances of unknown composition ('''digoxin-like immunoreactive substances,''' [DLIS]) can interfere with standard radioimmunoassays for digoxin. The interference most often causes results to be falsely positive or falsely elevated, but sometimes it causes results to be falsely reduced. Some assays are more subject to these failings than others. Several LC/MS/MS methods are available that may provide less susceptibility to DLIS interference. DLIS are present in up to half of all neonates and in varying percentages of pregnant women, patients with [[hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]], patients with renal or [[hepatic dysfunction]], and other patients who are volume-expanded for any reason. The measured levels of DLIS (as digoxin equivalents) are usually low (0.2-0.4 ng/mL), but sometimes they reach levels that would be considered therapeutic or even toxic.
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| In some assays, spironolactone, canrenone, and potassium canrenoate may be falsely detected as digoxin, at levels up to 0.5 ng/mL. Some traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine substances like Chan Su, Siberian Ginseng, Asian Ginseng, Ashwagandha or Dashen, can cause similar interference.
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| Spironolactone and DLIS are much more extensively protein-bound than digoxin. As a result, assays of free digoxin levels in protein-free ultrafiltrate (which tend to be about 25% less than total levels, consistent with the usual extent of protein binding) are less affected by spironolactone or DLIS. It should be noted that ultrafiltration does not solve all interference problems with alternative medicines. The use of an LC/MS/MS method may be the better option according to the good results it provides, especially in terms of specificity and limit of quantization.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = LANOXIN (DIGOXIN) TABLET [COVIS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.] | url =http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d7d0dba4-eb56-4631-90eb-1869cfaab436 | publisher = | date = | accessdate = }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| {{FDA}}
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| [[Category:Drugs]]
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